The Ontological Basis of Strong Artificial Life

This article concerns the claim that it is possible to create living organisms, not merely models that represent organisms, simply by programming computers ("virtual" strong alife). I ask what sort of things these computer-generated organisms are supposed to be (where are they, and what are they made of?). I consider four possible answers to this question: (a) The organisms are abstract complexes of pure information; (b) they are material objects made of bits of computer hardware; (c) they are physical processes going on inside the computer; and (d) they are denizens of an entire artificial world, different from our own, that the programmer creates. I argue that (a) could not be right, that (c) collapses into (b), and that (d) would make strong alife either absurd or uninteresting. Thus, "virtual" strong alife amounts to the claim that, by programming a computer, one can literally bring bits of its hardware to life

The Ontological Basis of Strong Artificial Life

This article concerns the claim that it is possible to create living organisms, not merely models that represent organisms, simply by programming computers ("virtual" strong alife). I ask what sort of things these computer-generated organisms are supposed to be (where are they, and what are they made of?). I consider four possible answers to this question: (a) The organisms are abstract complexes of pure information; (b) they are material objects made of bits of computer hardware; (c) they are physical processes going on inside the computer; and (d) they are denizens of an entire artificial world, different from our own, that the programmer creates. I argue that (a) could not be right, that (c) collapses into (b), and that (d) would make strong alife either absurd or uninteresting. Thus, "virtual" strong alife amounts to the claim that, by programming a computer, one can literally bring bits of its hardware to life

Heraldry and Programming Languages: the Complexity of Natural Languages Examined through the Parsing of the Heraldic Blazon

The idea of programming computers to understand human speech and written text has been the dream, even the Holy Grail, of computer scientists and many others, since before the first computers where created. Computers in countless movies and television shows have been able to understand, and therefore interact with, the humans around them but until recently this possibility has been pure science fiction. By studying, and then attempting, the methods of parsing the heraldic language, one hopes to show some of the methods that are used to remove the ambiguity in natural languages that hamper their parsing. Given time, I feel that I would have been able to increase the size of the accepted database of words to a more useful level

Symbolic macromodeling of parameterized S-parameter frequency responses

This paper presents an evolutionary algorithm for symbolic macromodeling of parameterized frequency responses. The method does not require an a priori specification of the multivariate functional form or complexity of the model. Numerical results are shown to illustrate the performance of the technique

Analisa Konsep Object Oriented Programming pada Bahasa Pemrograman Php

In making computer application an important role is the language of programming, without any programming language not be called off computer application desired. Of all languages programming computers that is , programming language based object be a language very popular of creation program computer application. A programming language this is pretty flexible and easy to is modified into an a display that is interesting windows based. Programming language oriented object or object-oriented programming ( oop ) is an approach programming use object and class. Php at first the script is just a collection of simple. With progress in , then added a variety of programming features oriented object. This was initiated since php 4. With the emergence of php 5 , programming features oriented object the more steadily and the sooner. With php 5 , script using the concept object-oriented will be quickly and more efficient

Machine Learning and Pattern Recognition

Learning is needed when there is no human expertise existing or when human beings are unable to explain their expertise. In such a situation, one simply collects all the possible previous information, analyse it and then make a rule for future prediction or taking meaningful decision. When we plan to conclude such a work with the help of a computer by providing it ample amount of data and our past experience with tools and techniques, then the whole process becomes machine learning. Hence, machine learning can be defined as programming computers to optimise a performance criterion using example data and past experience. For example, recognition of spoken speech is being done by human beings seemingly without any difficulty, but cannot explain how they do it.Defence Science Journal, 2010, 60(4), pp.345-347, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.60.50