The theory of flotation. Determination of sufficient time for flotation process, features

Представлена концепція визначення достатнього часу процесу флотації у водному середовищі.Представлена концепция определения достаточного времени процесса флотации в водной среде.The concept of determining the sufficiency of flotation process time in aqueous medium is presented

Design considerations for delivering e-learning to surgical trainees

Copyright © 2011, IGI Global. Distributed with permission.Challenges remain in leveraging e-health technologies for continuous medical education/professional development. This study examines the interface design and learning process features related to the use of multimedia in providing effective support for the knowledge and practice of surgical skills. Twenty-one surgical trainees evaluated surgical content on a CD-ROM format based on 14 interface design and 11 learning process features using a questionnaire adapted from an established tool created to assess educational multimedia. Significant Spearman’s correlations were found for seven of the 14 interface design features – ‘Navigation’, ‘Learning demands’, ‘Videos’, ‘Media integration’, ‘Level of material’, ‘Information presentation’ and ‘Overall functionality’, explaining ratings of the learning process. The interplay of interface design and learning process features of educational multimedia highlight key design considerations in e-learning. An understanding of these features is relevant to the delivery of surgical training, reflecting the current state of the art in transferring static CD-ROM content to the dynamic web or creating CD/web hybrid models of education

Monolithic Pixel Sensors in Deep-Submicron SOI Technology with Analog and Digital Pixels

This paper presents the design and test results of a prototype monolithic pixel sensor manufactured in deep-submicron fully-depleted Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) CMOS technology. In the SOI technology, a thin layer of integrated electronics is insulated from a (high-resistivity) silicon substrate by a buried oxide. Vias etched through the oxide allow to contact the substrate from the electronics layer, so that pixel implants can be created and a reverse bias can be applied. The prototype chip, manufactured in OKI 0.15 micron SOI process, features both analog and digital pixels on a 10 micron pitch. Results of tests performed with infrared laser and 1.35 GeV electrons and a first assessment of the effect of ionising and non-ionising doses are discussed.Comment: 5 pages, 7 figures, submitted to Nuclear Instruments and Methods

Irradiation study of a fully monolithic HV-CMOS pixel sensor design in AMS 180 nm

High-Voltage Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (HV-MAPS) based on the 180 nm HV-CMOS process have been proposed to realize thin, fast and highly integrated pixel sensors. The MuPix7 prototype, fabricated in the commercial AMS H18 process, features a fully integrated on-chip readout, i.e. hit-digitization, zero suppression and data serialization. It is the first fully monolithic HV-CMOS pixel sensor that has been tested for the use in high irradiation environments like HL-LHC. We present results from laboratory and test beam measurements of MuPix7 prototypes irradiated with neutrons (up to $5.0\cdot10^{15}{\,\rm{n}_{\rm{eq}}/cm^2}$) and protons (up to $7.8\cdot 10^{15} \,\rm{protons}/cm^2$) and compare the performance with non-irradiated sensors. Efficiencies well above 90 % at noise rates below 200 Hz per pixel are measured. A time resolution better than 22 ns is measured for all tested settings and sensors, even at the highest irradiation fluences. The data transmission at 1.25 Gbit/s and the on-chip PLL remain fully functional

Direct cooling cyclic air process features in gas turbine engine and method for it realization

В роботі розглянуто процес охолодження циклового повітря газотурбінного двигуна шляхом його змішування з диспергованою водою та визначено основні недоліки, які притаманні даному способу охолодження. Запропоновано для охолодження циклового повітря застосувати перегріту воду, що утворюється в результаті додаткової утилізації теплоти відпрацьованих газів. Розроблено процес змішування отриманої води з цикловим повітрям, який виключає скидання крапельної рідини на внутрішню поверхню компресора.In the work the gas turbine fog cooling process by mixing air with disperses water (the effect of air isotherming process) has been considered and principal disadvantages for such way of cooling have been detected. As a result, the superheated water using for cycle air cooling has been suggested. At the same time superheated water collected in the process of advanced exhaust recovery. This process realized in the single-circuit heat-recovery and has some advantage opposed to conventional way of heat recovery. In addition, the process of mixing superheated water with cycle air has been developed, which prevent water drops escape to the compressor inner surface.В работе рассмотрен процесс охлаждения циклового воздуха газотурбинного двигателя путем его смешения с диспергированной водой и определены основные недостатки, которые характерны для данного способа охлаждения. Предложено для охлаждения циклового воздуха использовать перегретую воду, которую получают в результате дополнительной утилизации теплоты отработавших газов. Разработан процесс смешения полученной воды с цикловым воздухом, который исключает сброс капельной жидкости на внутреннюю поверхность компрессора

Modeling and process features of plug flow reactor with internal recirculation for biomass pyrolysis

A new fluidized bed design is applied to the pyrolysis of biomass, in a plug-flow with internal-recirculation (PFIR) arrangement, where the movement of solids from feed zone to product zone and the circulation within a closed loop are achieved, by the use of directional high-speed tuyeres that induce both the suspension and horizontal movement of the charge. Separation between feed and product zones is provided through one or more underflow weirs. Wet and hard-to-fluidize biomass is targeted, where fluidization and pyrolysis of the feed is achieved by the internal hot sand recirculation. Plug flow allows for both stages (pyrolysis and heating) to occur inside a single vessel, but at separate zones. Computer simulation of the PFIR reactor is demonstrated to verify that plug-flow with internal-recirculation can be achieved under reasonable operating conditions. A commercial software (CPFD-Barracuda) is used, which shows promising results, including: solids circulation due to directional tuyeres; large solids mass transport rates relative to reactor size; and controllability of the circulation rate via tuyere velocity. It is shown that the underflow weir(s) offer little resistance compared to the frictional losses and, therefore, multiple zones within a single reactor can be achieved with little impact on the solids recirculation rate. The horizontal mass flux is shown to occur predominantly near the bottom tuyeres (inclined jet zone), hence enabling the underflow weir to effectively separate the feed and product zones, with a small bottom passage for the solids. Please click Additional Files below to see the full abstract

Evaluation of Tensile Properties for Selective Laser Melted 316L Stainless Steel and the Influence of Inherent Process Features

Optimal print parameters for additively manufacturing 316L stainless steel using selective laser melting (SLM) at Cal Poly had previously been identified. In order to further support the viability of the current settings, tensile material characteristics were needed. Furthermore, reliable performance of the as-printed material had to be demonstrated. Any influence on the static performance of parts in the as-printed condition inherent to the SLM manufacturing process itself needed to be identified. Tensile testing was conducted to determine the properties of material in the as-printed condition. So as to have confidence in the experimental results, other investigations were also conducted to validate previous assumptions. Stereological relative density measurements showed that the as-printed material exhibited relative density in excess of 99%. Optical dimensional analysis found that the as-printed tensile specimens met ASTM E8 dimensional requirements in 14 out of 15 parts inspected. Baseline tensile tests indicated that the yield stress of the as-printed material is 24% higher than a cold-rolled alternative, while still achieving comparable ductility. The location of a tensile specimen on the build plate during the print was not found to have a significant effect on its mechanical properties. Theoretical behavior of notched tensile specimens based on finite element models matched experimental behavior in the actual specimens. Unique fracture behavior was found in both the unnotched reference and the most severe notch after microscopic inspection, and a root cause was proposed. Finally, extrapolating from previous studies and observing that experimental results matched theoretical models, it was determined that features inherent to SLM parts were not detrimental to the static performance of the as-printed material