35,004 research outputs found
Primeval symmetries
A detailed examination of the Killing equations in Robertson-Walker
coordinates shows how the addition of matter and/or radiation to a de Sitter
Universe breaks the symmetry generated by four of its Killing fields. The
product U = (a^2)(dH/dt) of the squared scale parameter by the time-derivative
of the Hubble function encapsulates the relationship between the two cases: the
symmetry is maximal when U is a constant, and reduces to the six-parameter
symmetry of a generic Friedmann-Robertson-Walker model when it is not. As the
fields physical interpretation is not clear in these coordinates, comparison is
made with the Killing fields in static coordinates, whose interpretation is
made clearer by their direct relationship to the Poincare group generators via
Wigner-Inonu contractions.Comment: 16 pages, 2 tables; published versio
Externalities and Compensation: Primeval Games and Solutions
The classical literature (Pigou (1920), Coase (1960), Arrow (1970)) and the relatively recent studies (cf.Varian (1994)) associate the externality problem with efficiency.This paper focuses explicitly on the compensation problem in the context of externalities.To capture the features of inter-individual externalities, this paper constructs a new game-theoretic framework: primeval games.These games are used to design normative compensation rules for the underlying compensation problems: the marginalistic rule, the concession rule, and the primeval rule.Characterizations of the marginalistic rule and the concession rule are provided and specific properties of the primeval rule are studied.externality;compensation;primeval games;marginalistic rule;concession rule;primeval rule
A Non-cooperative Approach to the Compensation Rules for Primeval Games
AMS Classifications: 91A06; 91A10; 91A12externality;compensation;primeval games;marginalistic rule;concession rule;primeval rule;bidding mechanism;implementation
Searches For Primeval Galaxies
A primeval galaxy represents the earliest stages of a galaxy's life and as
such provides clues to the early history of the Universe and the evolution of
stars and galaxies. Over the last 20 years astronomers have been engaged in the
quest to detect the faint signals from these objects, believed to lie at a
distance comparable with the size of the Universe. A wide variety of
observational techniques have been employed in this search, with astronomers
eagerly awaiting each new generation of astronomical telescope or detector in
the hope of finally solving the mystery to the origin of galaxies -- or at
least placing new and interesting constraints. Until recently, primeval
galaxies have eluded detection in these searches, however experiments over the
last couple of years which use either 10m-class optical telescopes or
state-of-the-art submillimetre array detectors, may hold the clue to the origin
of structure as they have finally uncovered what appears to be a widespread
population of young galaxies.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figures. Paper to be published in Contemporary Physic
Externalities and compensation: Primeval games and solutions
The classical literature [Pigou, A.C., 1920. The Economics of Welfare. Macmillan, London; Coase, R.H., 1960. The problem of social cost. Journal of Law and Economics 3, 1-44; Arrow, K., 1970. The organization of economic activity: issues pertinent to the choice of market versus non-market allocation. In: Haveman, R.H., Margolis, J. (Eds.), Public Expenditures and Policy Analysis. Markham, Chicago, pp. 59-73] and the relatively recent studies [cf. Varian, H.R., 1994. A solution to the problem of externalities when agents are well-informed. American Economic Review 84, 1278-1293] associate the externality problem with efficiency. This paper focuses explicitly on the compensation problem in the context of externalities. To capture the features of inter-individual externalities, this paper constructs a new game-theoretic framework: primeval games. These games are used to design normative compensation rules for the underlying compensation problems: the marginalistic rule, the concession rule, and the primeval rule. Characterizations of the marginalistic rule and the concession rule are provided and specific properties of the primeval rule are studied. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
A Primeval Magellanic Stream and Others
The Magellanic Stream might have grown out of tidal interactions at high
redshift, when the young galaxies were close together, rather than from later
interactions among the Magellanic Clouds and Milky Way. This is illustrated in
solutions for the orbits of Local Group galaxies under the cosmological
condition of growing peculiar velocities at high redshift. Massless test
particles initially near and moving with the Large Magellanic Cloud in these
solutions end up with distributions in angular position and redshift similar to
the Magellanic Stream, though with the usual overly prominent leading component
that the Milky Way corona might have suppressed. Another possible example of
the effect of conditions at high redshift is a model primeval stream around the
Local Group galaxy NGC 6822. Depending on the solution for Local Group dynamics
this primeval stream can end up with position angle similar to the HI around
this galaxy, and a redshift gradient in the observed direction. The gradient is
much smaller than observed, but might have been increased by dissipative
contraction. Presented also is an even more speculative illustration of the
possible effect of initial conditions, primeval stellar streams around M31.Comment: 23 pages, 7 figure
Constraints on primordial black holes and primeval density perturbations from the epoch of reionization
We investigate the constraint on the abundance of primordial black holes
(PBHs) and the spectral index of primeval density perturbations given by
the ionizing photon background at the epoch of reionization. Within the
standard inflationary cosmogony, we show that the spectral index of the
power-law power spectrum of primeval density perturbations should be 1.27.
Since the universe is still optical thick at the reionization redshift - 8, this constraint is independent of the unknown parameter of reheating
temperature of the inflation. The ionizing photon background from the PBHs can
be well approximated by a power law spectrum , which is
greatly different from those given by models of massive stars and quasars.Comment: 4 pages, 3 eps figues, to be published in ApJ Letter
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