Características significativas na curadoria digital: as interpretações de significância e o modelo conceitual DEPICT

Esta pesquisa, de abordagem qualitativa e natureza aplicada, tem o objetivo de propor um quadro teórico para compreender conceitualmente o estabelecimento de características significativas de acervos digitais no contexto das atividades de curadoria digital de uma instituição de memória. Analisa-se os usos e as interpretações sobre "propriedades significativas" feitas por estudos, projetos científicos, como o projeto Planets, e modelos de referência, como OAIS, desenvolvidos nas últimas duas décadas. Analisa-se que, por um lado, o tema das "propriedades significativas" é relevante para a curadoria digital, houve um aprimoramento do conceito de significância no decorrer do tempo e também se destacou a ênfase dada ao papel dos agentes [stakeholders] na atribuição de significância ao objeto de preservação. Por outro lado, observou-se, nos estudos, projetos e modelos, a permanência da dificuldade em conceptualizar as "propriedades significativas" na curadoria digital. Discute-se o modelo conceitual Digital Preservation Conceptualization (DePICT), proposto por Angela Dappert, com foco na subclasse de restrições de preservação digital referentes à significância do objeto. A partir das entidades e relações conceituais do modelo, realiza-se um experimento de aplicação de suas entidades em um acervo do Museu de Comunicação Hipólito José da Costa (MuseCom), da Secretaria da Cultura do Rio Grande do Sul (Sedac). O experimento mostrou que a contribuição do DePICT na conceptualização das características significativas valoriza o papel da instituição de memória na atribuição de significância, dos modelos de referências consolidados, como OAIS, e evita repetir contradições e conflações sobre o tema que já foram identificadas pela literatura científica.This research has a qualitative approach and an applied nature. Its objective is to propose a framework to conceptually understand the definition of significant characteristics of digital collections in the context of digital curation in a memory institution. It analyzes the uses and interpretations of "significant properties" made by studies and scientific projects, such as the Planets project, and reference models, such as OAIS, and others developed in the last two decades. It is noticed that, on the one hand, the theme of "significant properties" is relevant to digital curation, there was an improvement in the concept of significance over time and in the emphasis given to the role of stakeholders in the attribution of significance to the preservation object. On the other hand, it was observed, in the studies, projects and models analyzed, the persistence of a difficulty to conceptualize the "significant properties" in digital curation. The conceptual model "Digital Preservation Conceptualization" (DePICT), proposed by Angela Dappert, is discussed, focusing on the subclass of digital preservation constraints that refer to the object significance. An experiment is carried out applying the entities and conceptual relationships of the DePICT model in a collection of the Museu de Comunicação Hipólito José da Costa (MuseCom), an institution of the Secretaria da Cultura do Rio Grande do Sul (Sedac). The experiment showed that the contribution of DePICT in the conceptualization of significant characteristics values the role of the memory institution in the attribution of significance, and of consolidated reference models, such as OAIS, and avoids repeating contradictions and conflations on the subject that have already been identified by the scientific literature

A Socio-Cognitive Approach To Political Interaction: An Analysis of Candidates Discourses in U.S. Political Campaign Debates.

The present research focuses on politeness in candidates discourses in U.S. political campaign debates of the 2000 elections from a socio-cognitive approach to social interaction. This approach entails an eclectic perspective on communication that intends to account for its cognitive, linguistic, relational and socio-cultural aspects in a determinate communicative encounter. This eclectic perspective is based on Brown and Levinsons (1987) Politeness Theory on the one hand, and Sperber and Wilsons Relevance Theory (1986/1995) on the other hand, with the latter constituting a cognitive complement to the former on theoretical grounds. From this eclectic approach, politeness has been conceived as the context-sensitive cognitive-based linguistic instantiation of social bonds. Therefore, politeness constitutes the linguistic enactment of social relationships in a specific communicative situation, and the internal knowledge on what is appropriate or inappropriate therein underlying such enactment. Politeness may thus consist of a) mitigating behaviour, whereby the speaker (S) attends to his/her own and/or the hearers (H) face or social image one wants for him/herself in a specific society (Brown & Levinson, 1987), or b) aggravating behaviour, that is, damage of ones own and/or Hs face. In view of this, the following research questions were posited in this study: 1) what are the main features of politicians face mitigating and aggravating sequences in terms of: type of politeness prevailing in these (if any), recurrent linguistic elements (if any), and typical location of these sequences in the whole discourse debates themselves constitute (if any)?; 2) what are the specific forms face mitigating and aggravating sequences adopt (if any), and which are their features?. In order to provide an answer to these questions, a total of 89 North-American electoral debates were collected together with other secondary data (e.g. newspaper articles, television programmes, etc.). These debates were organised into Corpus of Analysis (Corpus A) and Corpus of Reference (Corpus B), out of which the former consists of 16 debates corresponding to a total of 20 hours of on-going talk, and the latter contains the rest of the debates collected. Corpus A was transcribed in its entirety and analysed according to the units of analysis of the pragmatic sequence and the micro strategy. Overall, face mitigation, which is commonly directed towards the audience, appeared to be the predominant shape of politeness in candidates discourses in debates, more specifically, mitigation of the non-pure type oriented towards Hs positive face or his/her desire to be approved of (ibid.). This positive face attention characteristic of mitigating sequences in these events was found to be principally based on the strategies presuppose/raise/assert common ground, assert/presuppose Ss knowledge of and concern for Hs needs and wants, and offer and promise. These results back one of the main claims of this study, namely, that political campaign debates are essentially persuasive discourses besides antagonistic exchanges as the debate literature has commonly shown. Face aggravation, which is typically targeted at the opponent, was observed to primarily consist of aggravation of the pure sort oriented towards Hs negative face or his/her desire to be unimpeded upon (ibid.). Negative face aggravation was found to usually lie in the strategies increase imposition weight, refer to rights, duties and rules not respected, fulfilled or complied with respectively, and challenge. A possible explanation for the predominance of this variety of aggravation over others is that a) pure aggravation leaves no doubt as for a politicians intent to discredit the adversary, and b) negative face aggravation is not as hostile as positive face attack in debates and political discourse (cf., e.g. Lakoff, 2001), and enables the speaker to attack the rival without a potential boomerang effect on Ss own image. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ RESUMEN El presente trabajo explora el fenómeno de la cortesía lingüística en los discursos de los candidatos en debates electorales de las elecciones Norte-Americanas del año 2000. Para ello se ha partido de un enfoque ecléctico al estudio de la interacción social basado en la Teoría de la Cortesía de Brown y Levinson (1987) de carácter social, y la Teoría de la Relevancia de Sperber y Wilson (1986/1995) de carácter cognitivo, constituyendo esta última un complemento cognitivo a la primera a nivel teórico. En base a este enfoque, hemos concebido la cortesía en esta investigación como la manifestación lingüística de las relaciones sociales en contexto fundamentada en la cognición de los individuos. La cortesía se compone, por tanto, de comportamientos o actitudes lingüísticas de atención a la imagen social de un interlocutor (mitigadoras), y comportamientos o actitudes lingüísticas dañinas hacia dicha imagen (agravadoras). Con el objetivo de encontrar posibles tendencias o patrones definitorios de la cortesía en debates políticos Norte-Americanos de campaña, se procedió a la recogida de un corpus de datos consistente en 89 debates, de los cuales 16 (i.e. 20 horas de habla) fueron transcritos al completo y analizados según las unidades de análisis de la secuencia pragmática y la micro estrategia. En general, la mitigación, la cual se dirige comúnmente hacia la audiencia, resultó ser la forma predominante de la cortesía en estos eventos, en concreto, la mitigación no pura con orientación hacia la imagen positiva del oyente o su deseo de ser aprobado por los demás (Brown y Levinson, 1987). Por otro lado, la agravación, la cual se dirige normalmente al oponente, no resultó ser tan frecuente como la mitigación y aparecía sobre todo en forma de agravación hacia la imagen negativa del oyente o su deseo de tener libertad de acción. Estos resultados apoyan en general uno de los argumentos principales de esta investigación, a saber, que los debates electorales son fundamentalmente discursos persuasivos más que encuentros antagónicos como la bibliografía sobre debates se ha centrado en mostrar

Airport to University West-East Corridor Study Salt Lake City, Utah Final Environmental Impact Statement

Based upon coordination with public and government agencies, combined with evaluation of technical considerations, the Wasatch Front Regional Council has identified a Light Rail Transit (LRT) systems as the preferred alternative to serve the Airport to University Transportation Corridor of Salt Lake City, Utah. The 10.9 mile west-east corridor will be constructed from the Salt Lake City International Airport, through the Central Business District (CBD) to the University of Utah Health Sciences Center. It will interface with the existing north-south LRT line at 400 South and Main Street, and at South Temple and 400 West. The West-East LRT project will fulfill the following objectives: improve transit reliability between major destinations within the corridor; reduce traffic congestion; improve air quality; interface with the existing and planned regional transit system; assure minimal impacts on the natural and manmade environment; support development of a multi-modal transportation system that is convenient, accessible, and flexible enough to increase capacity; and connect with service extended to new areas in the future. This document describes the environmental impacts associated with the construction and operation of the West-East LRT, and a No-Build alternative. The purpose of analyzing a No-Build alternative is to provide a baseline for comparison of alternatives, as well as to determine the effect of taking no action. The No-Build alternative includes all existing transportation improvements as well as all planned and committed transportation projects listed in the State Transportation Improvement Plan. The environmental, transportation and financial impacts of the two alternatives are evaluated and compared against a wide range of considerations including: land use, visual and aesthetic impacts, historic and cultural impacts, parks and open spaces, socioeconomic and demographic, public safety and security, environmental justice, wetlands, ecosystems, water and air quality, floodplains, potential containment sources noise and vibration, minerals, utilities, mobility, cost effectiveness, and transportation systems. Some impacts to the natural and manmade environment will occur. These impacts, along with mitigation measures to reduce anticipated impacts are detailed in this document

The Pauline traditions in the acts of apostles

Part I. The theme of Pauline tradition is mentioned by Barrett and Schenke, and further, Roloff and Plamacher indicate traditional material behind the image of Paul in Acts, part of which is analyzed by burchard and Loning (ch.l). The date of Acts is placed at the end of the first century and the author confronted Jewish Christianity crossed with Gnosticism (ch.2), Historical criticism, form criticism and redaction criticism are methodological principles for our investigation. Any source theories are problematical. However, the author utilized traditional material in depiction of Paul in Acts, namely, the Pauline traditions, which are parallel to the Pauline Epistles, the Pauline legends, which are parallel to the miracle stories in the synoptic tradition, and the local community traditions (ch.5).Part II. Paul's background in Acts (Jewish, Hellenistic and Roman) is based on the Pauline traditions. Judaizing and anti-Jewish tendencies are seen in it (ch.4), Paul's pre-conversion period is also based on the Pauline traditions, but coloured with Judaizing tendencies (ch.3). Paul's conversion and call are due to traditional material, out modified with literary devices. Anti-gnostic tendencies can be traced behind it (ch.6). The earliest years after conversion and call are based on tradition; however, it is dominated by anti-Jewish tendencies (ch.7). The first missionary journey is not totally a "model” journey, but two parts of it are based on the Pauline traditions respectively together with the Pauline legends. But the author arranged them in order to make a circular journey. Judaizing tendencies and ambivalent anti-Jewish tendencies are seen in it (ch.8). In the second missionary journey, in contrast to the first one, the local community traditions are employed together with the Pauline traditions and the Pauline legends. Judaizing tendencies are seen in it (ch.9). The Pauline traditions, the Pauline legends and the local community traditions are utilized in the depiction of the third missionary journey. Apologetic tendencies against syncretism and paganism are seen in it (ch.lO). The image of Paul in Acts is not only based on traditional material but also transformed by the author in order to defend the legitimacy of the Gentile mission under anti-Pauline attacks. Acts is governed by rhetorical Peripatetic historiography (ch.11)

Estonian language

Kopeerimine ja printimine lubatudhttp://www.ester.ee/record=b2323785*es

Ascetic Ideology And The Satiric Mode In Piers Plowman

William Langland's Piers Plowman is a richly imaginative work keenly interested in human nature and the society of its day. Precisely because of those concerns, readers of this major fourteenth-century visionary poem have long investigated both its status as a satire and the character of the religious thought on which it draws. A detailed examination of how the work's ascetic outlook shaped its satire has not been performed, however. This is surprising, because satire also centrally concerns itself with identifying flaws in the character and conduct of both individuals and groups. Moreover, ascetic thought greatly influenced the interpretation and writing of satire well into the central medieval period. This study explores how Langland's poem, although late-medieval and vernacular, makes thorough use of that long-standing connection. Part I (chapters 1 and 2) identifies Piers Plowman's loose participation in a formal "genre" of medieval satiric poetry: one characterized by ambiguity and, throughout the Middle Ages, by hybridity. Chapters 3 through 5 (part II) move beyond discussions of genre (an historically contingent set of formal characteristics) to the work's use of the satiric mode (a particular descriptive stance). Scholars have recognized the influence of ascetic "contempt of the world" (contemptus mundi) in the poem-but this principle needs to be examined in conjunction with fellow "walls" in the so-called "cloister of the soul." These influence the poem's narratorial selfcriticism, social criticism, and views on judging others. Part III (chapters 6 and 7) considers Langland's prophetic ideal, suggests an audience that could have appreciated it, and traces a posterity that increasingly did not