41 research outputs found

    Principles of Physical Layer Security in Multiuser Wireless Networks: A Survey

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    This paper provides a comprehensive review of the domain of physical layer security in multiuser wireless networks. The essential premise of physical-layer security is to enable the exchange of confidential messages over a wireless medium in the presence of unauthorized eavesdroppers without relying on higher-layer encryption. This can be achieved primarily in two ways: without the need for a secret key by intelligently designing transmit coding strategies, or by exploiting the wireless communication medium to develop secret keys over public channels. The survey begins with an overview of the foundations dating back to the pioneering work of Shannon and Wyner on information-theoretic security. We then describe the evolution of secure transmission strategies from point-to-point channels to multiple-antenna systems, followed by generalizations to multiuser broadcast, multiple-access, interference, and relay networks. Secret-key generation and establishment protocols based on physical layer mechanisms are subsequently covered. Approaches for secrecy based on channel coding design are then examined, along with a description of inter-disciplinary approaches based on game theory and stochastic geometry. The associated problem of physical-layer message authentication is also introduced briefly. The survey concludes with observations on potential research directions in this area.Comment: 23 pages, 10 figures, 303 refs. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1303.1609 by other authors. IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, 201

    Transmit precoding and Bayesian detection for cognitive radio networks with limited channel state information

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    Field of study: Electrical & computer engineering.Dr. Dominic K. C. Ho, Dissertation Supervisor.Includes vita."May 2017."Cognitive radio (CR) represents a recent direction for enabling coexistence among heterogeneous networks. It can be a potential solution for the problem of scarce spectrum available for wireless communication systems. The study here investigates the underlay and interweave paradigms for the coexistence of CR network of secondary users (SUs) with a primary network of primary users (PUs). Under underlay mode, both networks communicates concurrently using the same resources. With interweave, SU is able to communicate as long as (some) PUs are not active. Usually, underlay or interweave employs multiple antennas at SU to use the spectral resources better and manage the interference towards the primary network. Performance of the CR network under either paradigm depends largely on the amount and quality of channel state information (CSI) available about the different communication links. In practical systems, often CSI at SU has uncertainty since it is deviated from the true one or is not known at all. This uncertainty should be accounted when designing the precoding schemes for SU or otherwise the interference impact on primary networks would violate the quality of service (QoS) requirements for PUs. This dissertation considers two cases regarding to the availability of CSI, the first one is when CSI is imperfect and the second is when CSI is completely not known. For the underlay mode, we investigate two manifolds. The first one addresses the problem of maximizing the throughput of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) SU when CSI of the interference link to PU is completely unknown or partially known. We study the achievable rates for SU under two different QoS requirements for the PU: the conventional interference temperature and leakage rate metrics. When CSI is unavailable, we develop an iterative adaptation algorithm that satisfies the QoS constraint through exploiting the side-information in the primary communication network. When CSI is inaccurate, we model the uncertainty deterministically such that the uncertainty error belongs to a convex compact set defined by the Schatten norm. We design the precoder by following the worst case formulation. We further investigate the relation between the unknown and the inaccurate CSI cases when using the interference temperature metric, and reveal that the performance of the latter is not necessarily better than the former. The second manifold assumes there is uncertainty in the SU intended link for communication as well as in the interference link from SU to PU. Similar to the first manifold, we follow the deterministic modelling using Schatten norm for the uncertainty and apply the worst case philosophy. For a given precoder matrix, we find the worst uncertainty error in the set that describes the uncertainty in each link. We further develop an iterative numerical algorithm for the precoder. Simpler solutions for the precoder and the uncertainty errors are derived under some special instances of the Schatten norm and certain requirement of transmission power. For the interweave mode, we assume there is no CSI available at SU and derive a Bayesian detector for the proposed binary hypothesis problem. For the null or noise model, we propose a conjugate prior for the unknown spatial covariance matrix. For the alternative or data model, we propose a new class of improper priors for the covariance matrix. We introduce the fractional Bayes factor (FBF) approach to enhance the detection capability of the Bayes factor. The developed FBF is compared with those using the conjugate priors for both hypotheses and generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT), and it yields significant improvement.Includes bibliographical references (pages 126-142)

    Exploiting Known Interference as Green Signal Power for Downlink Beamforming Optimization

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    We propose a data-aided transmit beamforming scheme for the multi-user multiple-input-single-output (MISO) downlink channel. While conventional beamforming schemes aim at the minimization of the transmit power subject to suppressing interference to guarantee quality of service (QoS) constraints, here we use the knowledge of both data and channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter to exploit, rather than suppress, constructive interference. More specifically, we design a new precoding scheme for the MISO downlink that minimizes the transmit power for generic phase shift keying (PSK) modulated signals. The proposed precoder reduces the transmit power compared to conventional schemes, by adapting the QoS constraints to accommodate constructive interference as a source of useful signal power. By exploiting the power of constructively interfering symbols, the proposed scheme achieves the required QoS at lower transmit power. We extend this concept to the signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) balancing problem, where higher SINR values compared to the conventional SINR balancing optimization are achieved for given transmit power budgets. In addition, we derive equivalent virtual multicast formulations for both optimizations, both of which provide insights of the optimal solution and facilitate the design of a more efficient solver. Finally, we propose a robust beamforming technique to deal with imperfect CSI, that also reduces the transmit power over conventional techniques, while guaranteeing the required QoS. Our simulation and analysis show significant power savings for small scale MISO downlink channels with the proposed data-aided optimization compared to conventional beamforming optimization

    Opportunistic communications in large uncoordinated networks

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    (English) The increase of wireless devices offering high data rate services limits the coexistence of wireless systems sharing the same resources in a given geographical area because of inter-system interference. Therefore, interference management plays a key role in permitting the coexistence of several heterogeneous communication services. However, classical interference management strategies require lateral information giving rise to the need for inter-system coordination and cooperation, which is not always practical. Opportunistic communications offer a potential solution to the problem of inter-system interference management. The basic principle of opportunistic communications is to efficiently and robustly exploit the resources available in a wireless network and adapt the transmitted signals to the state of the network to avoid inter-system interference. Therefore, opportunistic communications depend on inferring the available network resources that can be safely exploited without inducing interference in coexisting communication nodes. Once the available network resources are identified, the most prominent opportunistic communication techniques consist in designing scenario-adapted precoding/decoding strategies to exploit the so-called null space. Despite this, classical solutions in the literature suffer from two main drawbacks: the lack of robustness to detection errors and the need for intra-system cooperation. This thesis focuses on the design of a null space-based opportunistic communication scheme that addresses the drawbacks exhibited by existing methodologies under the assumption that opportunistic nodes do not cooperate. For this purpose, a generalized detection error model independent of the null-space identification mechanism is introduced that allows the design of solutions that exhibit minimal inter-system interference in the worst case. These solutions respond to a maximum signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) criterion, which is optimal under non-cooperative conditions. The proposed methodology allows the design of a family of orthonormal waveforms that perform a spreading of the modulated symbols within the detected null space, which is key to minimizing the induced interference density. The proposed solutions are invariant within the inferred null space, allowing the removal of the feedback link without giving up coherent waveform detection. In the absence of coordination, the waveform design relies solely on locally sensed network state information, inducing a mismatch between the null spaces identified by the transmitter and receiver that may worsen system performance. Although the proposed solution is robust to this mismatch, the design of enhanced receivers using active subspace detection schemes is also studied. When the total number of network resources increases arbitrarily, the proposed solutions tend to be linear combinations of complex exponentials, providing an interpretation in the frequency domain. This asymptotic behavior allows us to adapt the proposed solution to frequency-selective channels by means of a cyclic prefix and to study an efficient modulation similar to the time division multiplexing scheme but using circulant waveforms. Finally, the impact of the use of multiple antennas in opportunistic null space-based communications is studied. The performed analysis reveals that, in any case, the structure of the antenna clusters affects the opportunistic communication, since the proposed waveform mimics the behavior of a single-antenna transmitter. On the other hand, the number of sensors employed translates into an improvement in terms of SIR.(Catal脿) El creixement incremental dels dispositius sense fils que requereixen serveis d'alta velocitat de dades limita la coexist猫ncia de sistemes sense fils que comparteixen els mateixos recursos en una 脿rea geogr脿fica donada a causa de la interfer猫ncia entre sistemes. Conseq眉entment, la gesti贸 d'interfer猫ncia juga un paper fonamental per a facilitar la coexist猫ncia de diversos serveis de comunicaci贸 heterogenis. No obstant aix貌, les estrat猫gies cl脿ssiques de gesti贸 d'interfer猫ncia requereixen informaci贸 lateral originant la necessitat de coordinaci贸 i cooperaci贸 entre sistemes, que no sempre 茅s pr脿ctica. Les comunicacions oportunistes ofereixen una soluci贸 potencial al problema de la gesti贸 de les interfer猫ncies entre sistemes. El principi b脿sic de les comunicacions oportunistes 茅s explotar de manera eficient i robusta els recursos disponibles en una xarxa sense fils i adaptar els senyals transmesos a l'estat de la xarxa per evitar interfer猫ncies entre sistemes. Per tant, les comunicacions oportunistes depenen de la infer猫ncia dels recursos de xarxa disponibles que poden ser explotats de manera segura sense induir interfer猫ncia en els nodes de comunicaci贸 coexistents. Una vegada que s'han identificat els recursos de xarxa disponibles, les t猫cniques de comunicaci贸 oportunistes m茅s prominents consisteixen en el disseny d'estrat猫gies de precodificaci贸/descodificaci贸 adaptades a l'escenari per explotar l'anomenat espai nul. Malgrat aix貌, les solucions cl脿ssiques en la literatura sofreixen dos inconvenients principals: la falta de robustesa als errors de detecci贸 i la necessitat de cooperaci贸 intra-sistema. Aquesta tesi tracta el disseny d'un esquema de comunicaci贸 oportunista basat en l'espai nul que afronta els inconvenients exposats per les metodologies existents assumint que els nodes oportunistes no cooperen. Per a aquest prop貌sit, s'introdueix un model generalitzat d'error de detecci贸 independent del mecanisme d'identificaci贸 de l'espai nul que permet el disseny de solucions que exhibeixen interfer猫ncies m铆nimes entre sistemes en el cas pitjor. Aquestes solucions responen a un criteri de m脿xima relaci贸 de senyal a interfer猫ncia (SIR), que 茅s 貌ptim en condicions de no cooperaci贸. La metodologia proposada permet dissenyar una fam铆lia de formes d'ona ortonormals que realitzen un spreading dels s铆mbols modulats dins de l'espai nul detectat, que 茅s clau per minimitzar la densitat d鈥檌nterfer猫ncia indu茂da. Les solucions proposades s贸n invariants dins de l'espai nul inferit, permetent suprimir l'enlla莽 de retroalimentaci贸 i, tot i aix铆, realitzar una detecci贸 coherent de forma d'ona. Sota l鈥檃bs猫ncia de coordinaci贸, el disseny de la forma d'ona es basa 煤nicament en la informaci贸 de l'estat de la xarxa detectada localment, induint un desajust entre els espais nuls identificats pel transmissor i receptor que pot empitjorar el rendiment del sistema. Tot i que la soluci贸 proposada 茅s robusta a aquest desajust, tamb茅 s'estudia el disseny de receptors millorats fent 煤s de t猫cniques de detecci贸 de subespai actiu. Quan el nombre total de recursos de xarxa augmenta arbitr脿riament, les solucions proposades tendeixen a ser combinacions lineals d'exponencials complexes, proporcionant una interpretaci贸 en el domini freq眉encial. Aquest comportament asimpt貌tic permet adaptar la soluci贸 proposada a entorns selectius en freq眉猫ncia fent 煤s d'un prefix c铆clic i estudiar una modulaci贸 eficient derivada de l'esquema de multiplexat per divisi贸 de temps emprant formes d'ona circulant. Finalment, s鈥檈studia l'impacte de l'煤s de m煤ltiples antenes en comunicacions oportunistes basades en l'espai nul. L'an脿lisi realitzada permet concloure que, en cap cas, l'estructura de les agrupacions d'antenes tenen un impacte sobre la comunicaci贸 oportunista, ja que la forma d'ona proposada imita el comportament d'un transmissor mono-antena. D'altra banda, el nombre de sensors emprat es tradueix en una millora en termes de SIR.(Espa帽ol) El incremento de los dispositivos inal谩mbricos que ofrecen servicios de alta velocidad de datos limita la coexistencia de sistemas inal谩mbricos que comparten los mismos recursos en un 谩rea geogr谩fica dada a causa de la interferencia inter-sistema. Por tanto, la gesti贸n de interferencia juega un papel fundamental para facilitar la coexistencia de varios servicios de comunicaci贸n heterog茅neos. Sin embargo, las estrategias cl谩sicas de gesti贸n de interferencia requieren informaci贸n lateral originando la necesidad de coordinaci贸n y cooperaci贸n entre sistemas, que no siempre es pr谩ctica. Las comunicaciones oportunistas ofrecen una soluci贸n potencial al problema de la gesti贸n de las interferencias entre sistemas. El principio b谩sico de las comunicaciones oportunistas es explotar de manera eficiente y robusta los recursos disponibles en una red inal谩mbricas y adaptar las se帽ales transmitidas al estado de la red para evitar interferencias entre sistemas. Por lo tanto, las comunicaciones oportunistas dependen de la inferencia de los recursos de red disponibles que pueden ser explotados de manera segura sin inducir interferencia en los nodos de comunicaci贸n coexistentes. Una vez identificados los recursos disponibles, las t茅cnicas de comunicaci贸n oportunistas m谩s prominentes consisten en el dise帽o de estrategias de precodificaci贸n/descodificaci贸n adaptadas al escenario para explotar el llamado espacio nulo. A pesar de esto, las soluciones cl谩sicas en la literatura sufren dos inconvenientes principales: la falta de robustez a los errores de detecci贸n y la necesidad de cooperaci贸n intra-sistema. Esta tesis propone dise帽ar un esquema de comunicaci贸n oportunista basado en el espacio nulo que afronta los inconvenientes expuestos por las metodolog铆as existentes asumiendo que los nodos oportunistas no cooperan. Para este prop贸sito, se introduce un modelo generalizado de error de detecci贸n independiente del mecanismo de identificaci贸n del espacio nulo que permite el dise帽o de soluciones que exhiben interferencias m铆nimas entre sistemas en el caso peor. Estas soluciones responden a un criterio de m谩xima relaci贸n de se帽al a interferencia (SIR), que es 贸ptimo en condiciones de no cooperaci贸n. La metodolog铆a propuesta permite dise帽ar una familia de formas de onda ortonormales que realizan un spreading de los s铆mbolos modulados dentro del espacio nulo detectado, que es clave para minimizar la densidad de interferencia inducida. Las soluciones propuestas son invariantes dentro del espacio nulo inferido, permitiendo suprimir el enlace de retroalimentaci贸n sin renunciar a la detecci贸n coherente de forma de onda. En ausencia de coordinaci贸n, el dise帽o de la forma de onda se basa 煤nicamente en la informaci贸n del estado de la red detectada localmente, induciendo un desajuste entre los espacios nulos identificados por el transmisor y receptor que puede empeorar el rendimiento del sistema. A pesar de que la soluci贸n propuesta es robusta a este desajuste, tambi茅n se estudia el dise帽o de receptores mejorados usando t茅cnicas de detecci贸n de subespacio activo. Cuando el n煤mero total de recursos de red aumenta arbitrariamente, las soluciones propuestas tienden a ser combinaciones lineales de exponenciales complejas, proporcionando una interpretaci贸n en el dominio frecuencial. Este comportamiento asint贸tico permite adaptar la soluci贸n propuesta a canales selectivos en frecuencia mediante un prefijo c铆clico y estudiar una modulaci贸n eficiente derivada del esquema de multiplexado por divisi贸n de tiempo empleando formas de onda circulante. Finalmente, se estudia el impacto del uso de m煤ltiples antenas en comunicaciones oportunistas basadas en el espacio nulo. El an谩lisis realizado revela que la estructura de las agrupaciones de antenas no afecta la comunicaci贸n oportunista, ya que la forma de onda propuesta imita el comportamiento de un transmisor mono-antena. Por otro lado, el n煤mero de sensores empleado se traduce en una mejora en t茅rminos de SIR.DOCTORAT EN TEORIA DEL SENYAL I COMUNICACIONS (Pla 2013

    Opportunistic communications in large uncoordinated networks

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    (English) The increase of wireless devices offering high data rate services limits the coexistence of wireless systems sharing the same resources in a given geographical area because of inter-system interference. Therefore, interference management plays a key role in permitting the coexistence of several heterogeneous communication services. However, classical interference management strategies require lateral information giving rise to the need for inter-system coordination and cooperation, which is not always practical. Opportunistic communications offer a potential solution to the problem of inter-system interference management. The basic principle of opportunistic communications is to efficiently and robustly exploit the resources available in a wireless network and adapt the transmitted signals to the state of the network to avoid inter-system interference. Therefore, opportunistic communications depend on inferring the available network resources that can be safely exploited without inducing interference in coexisting communication nodes. Once the available network resources are identified, the most prominent opportunistic communication techniques consist in designing scenario-adapted precoding/decoding strategies to exploit the so-called null space. Despite this, classical solutions in the literature suffer from two main drawbacks: the lack of robustness to detection errors and the need for intra-system cooperation. This thesis focuses on the design of a null space-based opportunistic communication scheme that addresses the drawbacks exhibited by existing methodologies under the assumption that opportunistic nodes do not cooperate. For this purpose, a generalized detection error model independent of the null-space identification mechanism is introduced that allows the design of solutions that exhibit minimal inter-system interference in the worst case. These solutions respond to a maximum signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) criterion, which is optimal under non-cooperative conditions. The proposed methodology allows the design of a family of orthonormal waveforms that perform a spreading of the modulated symbols within the detected null space, which is key to minimizing the induced interference density. The proposed solutions are invariant within the inferred null space, allowing the removal of the feedback link without giving up coherent waveform detection. In the absence of coordination, the waveform design relies solely on locally sensed network state information, inducing a mismatch between the null spaces identified by the transmitter and receiver that may worsen system performance. Although the proposed solution is robust to this mismatch, the design of enhanced receivers using active subspace detection schemes is also studied. When the total number of network resources increases arbitrarily, the proposed solutions tend to be linear combinations of complex exponentials, providing an interpretation in the frequency domain. This asymptotic behavior allows us to adapt the proposed solution to frequency-selective channels by means of a cyclic prefix and to study an efficient modulation similar to the time division multiplexing scheme but using circulant waveforms. Finally, the impact of the use of multiple antennas in opportunistic null space-based communications is studied. The performed analysis reveals that, in any case, the structure of the antenna clusters affects the opportunistic communication, since the proposed waveform mimics the behavior of a single-antenna transmitter. On the other hand, the number of sensors employed translates into an improvement in terms of SIR.(Catal脿) El creixement incremental dels dispositius sense fils que requereixen serveis d'alta velocitat de dades limita la coexist猫ncia de sistemes sense fils que comparteixen els mateixos recursos en una 脿rea geogr脿fica donada a causa de la interfer猫ncia entre sistemes. Conseq眉entment, la gesti贸 d'interfer猫ncia juga un paper fonamental per a facilitar la coexist猫ncia de diversos serveis de comunicaci贸 heterogenis. No obstant aix貌, les estrat猫gies cl脿ssiques de gesti贸 d'interfer猫ncia requereixen informaci贸 lateral originant la necessitat de coordinaci贸 i cooperaci贸 entre sistemes, que no sempre 茅s pr脿ctica. Les comunicacions oportunistes ofereixen una soluci贸 potencial al problema de la gesti贸 de les interfer猫ncies entre sistemes. El principi b脿sic de les comunicacions oportunistes 茅s explotar de manera eficient i robusta els recursos disponibles en una xarxa sense fils i adaptar els senyals transmesos a l'estat de la xarxa per evitar interfer猫ncies entre sistemes. Per tant, les comunicacions oportunistes depenen de la infer猫ncia dels recursos de xarxa disponibles que poden ser explotats de manera segura sense induir interfer猫ncia en els nodes de comunicaci贸 coexistents. Una vegada que s'han identificat els recursos de xarxa disponibles, les t猫cniques de comunicaci贸 oportunistes m茅s prominents consisteixen en el disseny d'estrat猫gies de precodificaci贸/descodificaci贸 adaptades a l'escenari per explotar l'anomenat espai nul. Malgrat aix貌, les solucions cl脿ssiques en la literatura sofreixen dos inconvenients principals: la falta de robustesa als errors de detecci贸 i la necessitat de cooperaci贸 intra-sistema. Aquesta tesi tracta el disseny d'un esquema de comunicaci贸 oportunista basat en l'espai nul que afronta els inconvenients exposats per les metodologies existents assumint que els nodes oportunistes no cooperen. Per a aquest prop貌sit, s'introdueix un model generalitzat d'error de detecci贸 independent del mecanisme d'identificaci贸 de l'espai nul que permet el disseny de solucions que exhibeixen interfer猫ncies m铆nimes entre sistemes en el cas pitjor. Aquestes solucions responen a un criteri de m脿xima relaci贸 de senyal a interfer猫ncia (SIR), que 茅s 貌ptim en condicions de no cooperaci贸. La metodologia proposada permet dissenyar una fam铆lia de formes d'ona ortonormals que realitzen un spreading dels s铆mbols modulats dins de l'espai nul detectat, que 茅s clau per minimitzar la densitat d鈥檌nterfer猫ncia indu茂da. Les solucions proposades s贸n invariants dins de l'espai nul inferit, permetent suprimir l'enlla莽 de retroalimentaci贸 i, tot i aix铆, realitzar una detecci贸 coherent de forma d'ona. Sota l鈥檃bs猫ncia de coordinaci贸, el disseny de la forma d'ona es basa 煤nicament en la informaci贸 de l'estat de la xarxa detectada localment, induint un desajust entre els espais nuls identificats pel transmissor i receptor que pot empitjorar el rendiment del sistema. Tot i que la soluci贸 proposada 茅s robusta a aquest desajust, tamb茅 s'estudia el disseny de receptors millorats fent 煤s de t猫cniques de detecci贸 de subespai actiu. Quan el nombre total de recursos de xarxa augmenta arbitr脿riament, les solucions proposades tendeixen a ser combinacions lineals d'exponencials complexes, proporcionant una interpretaci贸 en el domini freq眉encial. Aquest comportament asimpt貌tic permet adaptar la soluci贸 proposada a entorns selectius en freq眉猫ncia fent 煤s d'un prefix c铆clic i estudiar una modulaci贸 eficient derivada de l'esquema de multiplexat per divisi贸 de temps emprant formes d'ona circulant. Finalment, s鈥檈studia l'impacte de l'煤s de m煤ltiples antenes en comunicacions oportunistes basades en l'espai nul. L'an脿lisi realitzada permet concloure que, en cap cas, l'estructura de les agrupacions d'antenes tenen un impacte sobre la comunicaci贸 oportunista, ja que la forma d'ona proposada imita el comportament d'un transmissor mono-antena. D'altra banda, el nombre de sensors emprat es tradueix en una millora en termes de SIR.(Espa帽ol) El incremento de los dispositivos inal谩mbricos que ofrecen servicios de alta velocidad de datos limita la coexistencia de sistemas inal谩mbricos que comparten los mismos recursos en un 谩rea geogr谩fica dada a causa de la interferencia inter-sistema. Por tanto, la gesti贸n de interferencia juega un papel fundamental para facilitar la coexistencia de varios servicios de comunicaci贸n heterog茅neos. Sin embargo, las estrategias cl谩sicas de gesti贸n de interferencia requieren informaci贸n lateral originando la necesidad de coordinaci贸n y cooperaci贸n entre sistemas, que no siempre es pr谩ctica. Las comunicaciones oportunistas ofrecen una soluci贸n potencial al problema de la gesti贸n de las interferencias entre sistemas. El principio b谩sico de las comunicaciones oportunistas es explotar de manera eficiente y robusta los recursos disponibles en una red inal谩mbricas y adaptar las se帽ales transmitidas al estado de la red para evitar interferencias entre sistemas. Por lo tanto, las comunicaciones oportunistas dependen de la inferencia de los recursos de red disponibles que pueden ser explotados de manera segura sin inducir interferencia en los nodos de comunicaci贸n coexistentes. Una vez identificados los recursos disponibles, las t茅cnicas de comunicaci贸n oportunistas m谩s prominentes consisten en el dise帽o de estrategias de precodificaci贸n/descodificaci贸n adaptadas al escenario para explotar el llamado espacio nulo. A pesar de esto, las soluciones cl谩sicas en la literatura sufren dos inconvenientes principales: la falta de robustez a los errores de detecci贸n y la necesidad de cooperaci贸n intra-sistema. Esta tesis propone dise帽ar un esquema de comunicaci贸n oportunista basado en el espacio nulo que afronta los inconvenientes expuestos por las metodolog铆as existentes asumiendo que los nodos oportunistas no cooperan. Para este prop贸sito, se introduce un modelo generalizado de error de detecci贸n independiente del mecanismo de identificaci贸n del espacio nulo que permite el dise帽o de soluciones que exhiben interferencias m铆nimas entre sistemas en el caso peor. Estas soluciones responden a un criterio de m谩xima relaci贸n de se帽al a interferencia (SIR), que es 贸ptimo en condiciones de no cooperaci贸n. La metodolog铆a propuesta permite dise帽ar una familia de formas de onda ortonormales que realizan un spreading de los s铆mbolos modulados dentro del espacio nulo detectado, que es clave para minimizar la densidad de interferencia inducida. Las soluciones propuestas son invariantes dentro del espacio nulo inferido, permitiendo suprimir el enlace de retroalimentaci贸n sin renunciar a la detecci贸n coherente de forma de onda. En ausencia de coordinaci贸n, el dise帽o de la forma de onda se basa 煤nicamente en la informaci贸n del estado de la red detectada localmente, induciendo un desajuste entre los espacios nulos identificados por el transmisor y receptor que puede empeorar el rendimiento del sistema. A pesar de que la soluci贸n propuesta es robusta a este desajuste, tambi茅n se estudia el dise帽o de receptores mejorados usando t茅cnicas de detecci贸n de subespacio activo. Cuando el n煤mero total de recursos de red aumenta arbitrariamente, las soluciones propuestas tienden a ser combinaciones lineales de exponenciales complejas, proporcionando una interpretaci贸n en el dominio frecuencial. Este comportamiento asint贸tico permite adaptar la soluci贸n propuesta a canales selectivos en frecuencia mediante un prefijo c铆clico y estudiar una modulaci贸n eficiente derivada del esquema de multiplexado por divisi贸n de tiempo empleando formas de onda circulante. Finalmente, se estudia el impacto del uso de m煤ltiples antenas en comunicaciones oportunistas basadas en el espacio nulo. El an谩lisis realizado revela que la estructura de las agrupaciones de antenas no afecta la comunicaci贸n oportunista, ya que la forma de onda propuesta imita el comportamiento de un transmisor mono-antena. Por otro lado, el n煤mero de sensores empleado se traduce en una mejora en t茅rminos de SIR.Postprint (published version

    Optimal and Robust Transmit Designs for MISO Channel Secrecy by Semidefinite Programming

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    In recent years there has been growing interest in study of multi-antenna transmit designs for providing secure communication over the physical layer. This paper considers the scenario of an intended multi-input single-output channel overheard by multiple multi-antenna eavesdroppers. Specifically, we address the transmit covariance optimization for secrecy-rate maximization (SRM) of that scenario. The challenge of this problem is that it is a nonconvex optimization problem. This paper shows that the SRM problem can actually be solved in a convex and tractable fashion, by recasting the SRM problem as a semidefinite program (SDP). The SRM problem we solve is under the premise of perfect channel state information (CSI). This paper also deals with the imperfect CSI case. We consider a worst-case robust SRM formulation under spherical CSI uncertainties, and we develop an optimal solution to it, again via SDP. Moreover, our analysis reveals that transmit beamforming is generally the optimal transmit strategy for SRM of the considered scenario, for both the perfect and imperfect CSI cases. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the secrecy-rate performance gains of the proposed SDP solutions compared to some suboptimal transmit designs.Comment: 32 pages, 5 figures; to appear, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 201

    Uncoordinated space-frequency pilot design for multi-antenna wideband opportunistic communications

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    漏2018 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.The statistical side information of interference channels is exploited in this paper to derive a novel uncoordinated on-line pilot design strategy for opportunistic communications. Assuming a time division duplex (TDD), or frequency division duplex (FDD) with feedback, wireless network and reciprocity, we prove that the space-frequency pilot design technique in terms of minimum cross-interference to external-network users reduces to a classical minimum-norm problem. The advantages of this novel methodology are time-domain invariance to noise-subspace rotations, a maximally flat angle-frequency response, and robustness in front of frequency calibration errors. Simulation results are reported to assess the performance of the proposed strategy and the advantages of its low-resolution quantization in low signal-to- noise ratio (low-SNR) regimes.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

    Effects of Correlation of Channel Gains on the Secrecy Capacity in the Gaussian Wiretap Channel

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    Secrecy capacity is one of the most important characteristic of a wireless communication channel. Therefore, the study of this characteristic wherein the system has correlated channel gains and study them for different line-of-sight (LOS) propagation scenarios is of ultimate importance. The primary objective of this thesis from the mathematical side is to determine the secrecy capacity (SC) for correlated channel gains for the main and eavesdropper channels in a Gaussian Wiretap channel as a function from main parameters (渭, 危, 蟻). f(h1, h2) is the joint distribution of the two channel gains at channel use (h1, h2), fi(hi) is the main distribution of the channel gain hi. The results are based on assumption of the Gaussian distribution of channel gains (gM, gE). The main task of estimating the secrecy capacity is reduced to the problem of solving linear partial differential equations (PDE). Different aspects of the analysis of secrecy capacity considered in this research are the Estimation of SC mathematically and numerically for correlated SISO systems and a mathematical example for MIMO systems with PDE. The variations in Secrecy Capacity are studied for Rayleigh (NLOS) distribution and Rician (LOS) distribution. Suitable scenarios are identified in which secure communication is possible with correlation of channel gains. Also, the new algorithm using PDE has a higher speed and than analog algorithms constructed on the classical statistical Monte Carlo methods. Taking into account the normality of the distribution of system parameters, namely the channel gain (gM, gE), the algorithm is constructed for systems of partial differential equations which satisfies the secrecy criterion. Advisor: H. Andrew Harm
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