Computational driver behavior models for vehicle safety applications

The aim of this thesis is to investigate how human driving behaviors can be formally described in mathematical models intended for online personalization of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) or offline virtual safety evaluations. Both longitudinal (braking) and lateral (steering) behaviors in routine driving and emergencies are addressed. Special attention is paid to driver glance behavior in critical situations and the role of peripheral vision.First, a hybrid framework based on autoregressive models with exogenous input (ARX-models) is employed to predict and classify driver control in real time. Two models are suggested, one targeting steering behavior and the other longitudinal control behavior. Although the predictive performance is unsatisfactory, both models can distinguish between different driving styles.Moreover, a basic model for drivers\u27 brake initiation and modulation in critical longitudinal situations (specifically for rear-end conflicts) is constructed. The model is based on a conceptual framework of noisy evidence accumulation and predictive processing. Several model extensions related to gaze behavior are also proposed and successfully fitted to real-world crashes and near-crashes. The influence of gaze direction is further explored in a driving simulator study, showing glance response times to be independent of the glance\u27s visual eccentricity, while brake response times increase for larger gaze angles, as does the rate of missed target detections.Finally, the potential of a set of metrics to quantify subjectively perceived risk in lane departure situations to explain drivers\u27 recovery steering maneuvers was investigated. The most influential factors were the relative yaw angle and splay angle error at steering initiation. Surprisingly, it was observed that drivers often initiated the recovery steering maneuver while looking off-road.To sum up, the proposed models in this thesis facilitate the development of personalized ADASs and contribute to trustworthy virtual evaluations of current, future, and conceptual safety systems. The insights and ideas contribute to an enhanced, human-centric system development, verification, and validation process. In the long term, this will likely lead to improved vehicle safety and a reduced number of severe injuries and fatalities in traffic

Multihop relay techniques for communication range extension in near-field magnetic induction communication systems

In this paper, multihop relaying in RF-based com munications and near field magnetic induction communication (NFMIC) is discussed. Three multihop relay strategies for NFMIC are proposed: Non Line of Sight Magnetic Induction Relay (NLoS-MI Relay), Non Line of Sight Master/Assistant Magnetic Induction Relay1 (NLoS-MAMI Relay1) and Non Line of Sight Master/Assistant Magnetic Induction Relay2 (NLoSMAMI Relay2). In the first approach only one node contributes to the communication, while in the other two techniques (which are based on a master-assistant strategy), two relaying nodes are employed. This paper shows that these three techniques can be used to overcome the problem of dead spots within a body area network and extend the communication range without increasing the transmission power and the antenna size or decreasing receiver sensitivity. The impact of the separation distance between the nodes on the achievable RSS and channel data rate is evaluated for the three techniques. It is demonstrated that the technique which is most effective depends on the specific network topology. Optimum selection of nodes as relay master and assistant based on the location of the nodes is discussed. The paper also studies the impact of the quality factor on achievable data rate. It is shown that to obtain the highest data rate, the optimum quality factor needs to be determined for each proposed cooperative communication method. © 2013 ACADEMY PUBLISHER

Phosphorus and sulphur nutrition of pastures in high rainfall areas.

J.S.Yeates and M.F.Clarke started these experiments. In January 1990 M.D.A. Bolland replaced J.S. Yeates (who became Regional Manager of the Northern Agricultural Region) as the Research Officer responsible for the management of the long-term experiments, and to continue the research on the topic. In the experiments the fertilizers wee applied in autumn (March-April) in the years listed in the tables. Trial 80AL4 Location: Cuthbert. A new experiment was started in 1989 to compare two partially acidulated rock phosphate (PARP) fertilizers with ordinary (single) superphosphate (OSP). Trial 84AL32 Location: Denmark The fertilizers compared are ordinary (single) superphosphate (OSP). New (pre 1990) Coastal Superphosphate (NCS), Island (apatite) rock phosphate and Calciphos (500 degrees C crandallite-millisite rock phosphate from Christmas Island). Trial 84AL33 Location: Denmark The phosphatic fertilizers compared were applied once only, in the years 1984 to 1988. the fertilizers compared were: ordinary (single) superphosphate (OSP), new (pre 1990) coastal superphosphate (NCS), Island (apatite) rock phosphate (IRP) and Calciphos (CAL). Data are the mean of three replicates. Trial 84AL35 Location: Denmark Comparison of ordinary (single) superphyosphate (OSP) and new (pre 1990) coastal superphosphate (NCS as sulphur sources for pasture. The fertilizers were applied at the levels of S shown each year (repeated \u27rates\u27). Data are mean of three replicates. Trial 84HA17 Location: West Harvey. Comparison of different P fertilizers when levels of fertilizer (O, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, 100 kg P/ha for each fertilizer) were applied to the same plot each year (i.e. repeated \u27rates\u27). The fertilizers compared were: ordinary (single) superphosphate (OSB), new (pre 1990) coastal superphosphate (NCS), Island (apatite) rock phosphate (IRP) and Calciphos (CAL). Data are the mean of three replicates. Trial 84HA18 Location: West Harvey To compare several fertilizers as sources of P for pasture. The fertilizers were applied once only in the years listed. The fertilizers compare were ordinary (single) superphosphate (OSB), new (pre 1990) coastal superphosphate (NCS), Island (apatite) rock phosphate (IRP) and Calciphos (CAL). Data are the mean of three replicates, measure on October 30 1989. Trial 84HA19 Location: West Harvey A comparison of ordinary (single) superphosphate (OSP) and new (pre 1990) coastal superphosphate (NCS) as sulphur sources for pastures. The fertilizers were applied at seven levels, using the same level each year (repeated \u27rates). Data are the mean of three replicates, measured October 31, 1989). Trial 84HA20 Location: West Harvey A comparison of ordinary (single) superphosphate (OSP) and new (pre 1990) coastal superphosphate (NCS) as sulphur sources for pasture. The fertilizer levels were only applied once only in the years listed. Herbage yields were measured on October 31, 1989. Trial 84HA24 Location: Pinjarra Comparison of four sources of phosphorous as fertilizers for pastures. The fertilizers compared are ordinary (single) superphosphate (OSB), new (pre 1990) coastal superphosphate (NCS), Island (apatite) rock phosphate (IRP) and Calciphos (CAL). The fertilizers were applied at the same levels listed each year (repeated \u27rates\u27). Yields were measure on October 23, 1989. Trial 84HA25 Location: Pinjarra Comparison of the effectiveness of different P fertilizers for pasture production. The fertilizers compared are ordinary (single) superphosphate (OSB), new (pre 1990) coastal superphosphate (NCS), Island (apatite) rock phosphate (IRP) and Calciphos (CAL). Levels of each P fertilizer were applied once only in the years listed. Results are the mean of three replicates, and yields were measured on October 19, 1989. Trial 84HA26 Location: Pinjarra This experiment compares ordinary superphosphate (OSP) and new (pre 1990) coastal superphosphate (NCS) as sulphur sources for pastures. The levels of each fertilizer listed in the table were applied every year (repeated \u27rates\u27). Data are mean of three replicates. Yields are measured on October 26, 1989. Trial 84HA27 Location: Pinjarra Comparison of ordinary superphosphate (OSP) and new (pre 1990) coastal superphosphate (NCS) as sulphur sources for pastures when levels of the fertilizers were applied once only in the years listed. Yields were measured on October 23, 1989. Trial 84HA28 Location: Yarloop. Comparison of different P fertilizers for pasture productions. The fertilizers were applied at the levels listed every year (repeated \u27rates\u27). The fertilizers compared were ordinary (single) superphosphate (OSP), new (pre 1990) coastal superphosphate (NCS), Island (apatite) rock phosphate (IRP) and Calciphos (CAL). Trial 84HA28 (1989 PARP trial) Location: Yarloop In 1989, two P fertilizers were compared in a new experiment adjacent to the original 1984 experiment. The fertilizers compared were ordinary (single) superphosphate (OSP) and the new 1989 partially acidulated rock phosphate (PARP) made by CSBP and Farmers Ltd from North Carolina reactive apatite rock phosphate. Data are mean of three replicates. Yields were measured on October 27, 1989. Trial 86HA1 Location: Cookernup Comparison of different fertilizers as P sources for pasture. The fertilizers were applied at the levels listed every year (repeated \u27rates\u27). The fertilizers compared are ordinary (single) superphosphate (OSP) , new (pre 1990) coastal superphosphate , Island (apatite) rock phosphate (IRP) and North Carolina (reactive apatite) rock phosphate (NCRP). Data are means of three replicates. Yields were measured on November 2, 1989. Trial 86HA2 Location: Coolup. The experiment compare ordinary (single) superphosphate (OSP), new (pre 1990) coastal superphosphate, Island (low-reactive apatite) rock phosphate (IRP) and North Carolina (reactive apatite) rock phosphate (NCRP) as P fertilizers for pasture. The fertilizers were applied at the levels shown in the table every year (repeated \u27rates). Data are the mean of three replicates. Yields were measured on November 3, 1989). Trial 88V10 Location: Vasse Research Station The experiment compares ordinary (single) superphosphate (OSP), new (pre 1990) coastal superphosphate (NCS) and Island (apatite) rock phosphate (IRP) a P fertilizers for pasture. These fertilizers are applied at the levels listed in the table each year (repeated \u27rates\u27). Data are the mean of three replicates. Yields are measured on October 17, 1989. Trial 88V11 Location: Vasse Research Station This experiment compares ordinary (single) superphosphate (OSP), new coastal superphosphate (NCS) as sulphur fertilizers for pastures. The fertilizers were applied at the levels listed in the table each year (repeated \u27rates\u27). Data are the mean of three replicates. Yields were measured on October 17, 1989

Type 2 polysaccharide storage myopathy in Quarter Horses is a novel glycogen storage disease causing exertional rhabdomyolysis

Background: Both type 1 (PSSM1) and type 2 polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM2) are characterised by aggregates of abnormal polysaccharide in skeletal muscle. Whereas the genetic basis for PSSM1 is known (R309H GYS1), the cause of PSSM2 in Quarter Horses (PSSM2-QH) is unknown and glycogen concentrations not defined. Objectives: To characterise the histopathological and biochemical features of PSSM2-QH and determine if an associated monogenic variant exists in genes known to cause glycogenosis. Study design: Retrospective case control. Methods: Sixty-four PSSM2-QH, 30 PSSM1-QH and 185 control-QH were identified from a biopsy repository and clinical data, histopathology scores (0–3), glycogen concentrations and selected glycolytic enzyme activities compared. Coding sequences of 12 genes associated with muscle glycogenoses were identified from whole genome sequences and compared between seven PSSM2-QH and five control-QH. Results: Exertional rhabdomyolysis in PSSM2-QH occurred predominantly in barrel racing and working cow/roping performance types and improved with regular exercise and a low starch/fat-supplemented diet. Histopathological scores, including the amount of amylase-resistant polysaccharide (PSSM2-QH 1.4 ± 0.6, PSSM1-QH 2.1 ± 0.3, control-QH 0 ± 0, p \u3c 0.001), and glycogen concentrations (PSSM2-QH 129 ± 62, PSSM1-QH 175 ± 9, control-QH 80 ± 27 mmol/kg, p \u3c 0.0001) were intermediate in PSSM2-QH with significant differences among groups. In PSSM2-QH, abnormal polysaccharide had a less filamentous ultrastructure than PSSM1-QH and phosphorylase and phosphofructokinase activities were normal. Seventeen of 30 PSSM2-QH with available pedigrees descended from one of three stallions within four generations. Of the 29 predicted high or moderate impact genetic variants identified in candidate genes, none were present in only PSSM2-QH and absent in control-QH

Emendationes Aeschyleae

https://repository.brynmawr.edu/digitizedbooks/1090/thumbnail.jp

Emendationes Aeschyleae

https://repository.brynmawr.edu/digitizedbooks/1090/thumbnail.jp

The suitability of the Boston daily newspapers for use in the study of contemporary affairs in secondary schools

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston Universit