39 research outputs found

    Evaluaci贸n del estado fitosanitario y de manejo de la vegetaci贸n arb贸rea y arbustiva del ornato en el casco urbano del municipio de Fortul, Arauca

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    Registros fotogr谩ficos, Manual de Manejo de poda, control fitosanitario sobre plagas y enfermedades documentadas, im谩genes de Google MapsEn el presente proyecto se implementaron actividades que permitieron conocer el estado fitosanitario e identificar las especies arb贸reas y arbustivas localizadas en separadores parques y zonas verdes del casco urbano del Municipio de Fortul Arauca, as铆 mismo se identifican acciones que permitan dise帽ar estrategias de manejo para optimizar el funcionamiento de la vegetaci贸n como medio de ornato en el mediano y largo plazo; esto como embellecimiento, factor de mitigaci贸n de las altas temperaturas, buscando mejorar d铆a a d铆a la calidad de vida a los moradores del municipio. Con la informaci贸n obtenida en campo, se realizar谩 la respectiva tabulaci贸n de la informaci贸n estableciendo cantidad de individuos por especie, importancia social, ambiental y econ贸mica de estas; se analizar谩n los resultados obtenidos y con ello se propondr谩n estrategias de manejo silvicultural y social del arbolado de ornato urbano. De igual manera, la comunidad de Fortul Arauca, ser谩 beneficiada dado que se dar谩 a conocer un plan de manejo de las especies ornamentales del casco urbano.In this project, activities were implemented that allowed to know the phytosanitary status and identify the arboreal and shrub species located in separating parks and green areas of the urban area of the Municipality of Fortul Arauca, here actions are identified that allow the design of management strategies to optimize the operation of vegetation as a means of decoration in the medium and long term; this as beautification, a factor for mitigating high temperatures, comfort and resilience to pollution generated by motor vehicles that travel the roads of the municipality, seeking to improve the quality of life of the residents of the municipality day by day. This project will be carried out through the respective inventory or floristic census (trees and shrubs), identifying the existing species, the main phenotypic characteristics and possible phytosanitary effects and community perceptions; said data will be captured through the field spreadsheet that is presented in the methodology. With the information obtained in the field, the respective tabulation of the information will be carried out, establishing the number of individuals per species, their social, environmental and economic importance; The results obtained will be analyzed and with this, strategies for the silvicultural and social management of the urban ornamental trees will be proposed, where the management plan and phytosanitary control of these species will be built, a document that will be made known to the Mayor of Fortul so that consider adopting it. In this project, the community of Fortul Arauca will benefit since a management plan for the ornamental species of the urban area will be released, this with the purpose that those who plant urban trees do so in appropriate spaces, in such a way that generate favorable conditions for the best yields of the species

    Seed dispersal of pind贸 (Syagrus romanzoffiana) in the Paranaense Forest: ecological and genetic effects of the interaction with its main disperser and of human-induced habitat disturbance

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    La dispersi贸n de semillas es un proceso de enorme relevancia para la ecolog铆a y evoluci贸nde las comunidades jugando un papel determinante sobre la regeneraci贸n y el flujo gen茅tico de lasplantas. En los bosques tropicales y subtropicales la mayor铆a de las plantas son dispersadas poranimales. El disturbio del h谩bitat frecuentemente implica la defaunaci贸n y la consecuentedesaparici贸n de las interacciones planta-animal. La Selva Paranaense ha sido reducida a menos del 8% de su extensi贸n original. Nuestro objetivo general fue evaluar posibles efectos ecol贸gicos ygen茅ticos de la defaunaci贸n para especies dispersadas por vertebrados. En particular, estudiamosalgunos aspectos de la dispersi贸n de semillas de la palmera pind贸 (Syagrus romanzoffiana), unaespecie clave como fuente de alimento para la comunidad de frug铆voros en la Selva Paranaense. Elpind贸 mostr贸 una alta dominancia entre los frutos consumidos por el tapir en el Parque Nacional Iguaz煤, y un alto nivel de reclutamiento de juveniles fue hallado en las letrinas generadas por estefrug铆voro. El reclutamiento fue mayor en las letrinas que debajo de la copa de palmeras adultas ysitios al azar dentro del Parque. Para estudiar los efectos gen茅ticos de la dispersi贸n de semillas portapires y de la defaunaci贸n transferimos microsat茅lites a pind贸 de otras especies de palmera, ycomparamos los patrones de reclutamiento y variaci贸n gen茅tica de juveniles entre el Parque y un谩rea defaunada. En el Parque, la mayor铆a de los juveniles reclutados en letrinas no estabanemparentados entre s铆, ni con la palmera adulta m谩s cercana, sino que proven铆an de diversasmadres, a diferencia del patr贸n observado debajo de palmeras adultas. En el 谩rea defaunada,hallamos una mayor cantidad de juveniles reclutados debajo de palmeras adultas, y la proporci贸nde juveniles provenientes de semillas dispersadas fue menor respecto al Parque. Adem谩s, en el谩rea defaunada los juveniles de pind贸 presentaron una riqueza al茅lica significativamente menor yuna tendencia a una mayor estructuraci贸n gen茅tica espacial respecto a aquellos reclutados en sitioscon letrinas dentro del Parque. Concluimos que, a trav茅s de este mutualismo, el tapir contribuyesignificativamente al reclutamiento de juveniles y al flujo g茅nico en el pind贸. La defaunaci贸npuede producir p茅rdida de variabilidad gen茅tica y aumento de la estructuraci贸n gen茅tica espacialen aquellas plantas dispersadas por los vertebrados que son m谩s sensibles al disturbio.Seed dispersal is of great relevance for the ecology and evolution of communities playing acritical role on the regeneration and gene flow in plants. In tropical and subtropical forests mostplants are dispersed by animals. Habitat disturbance often involves defaunation and theconsequent loss of plant-animal interactions. The Paranaense Forest has been reduced to less than 8% of its original extension. Our main goal was to evaluate possible ecological and geneticconsequences of defaunation for species dispersed by vertebrates. In particular, we studied someaspects of pind贸 palm (Syagrus romanzoffiana) seed dispersal, a keystone species heavily used asa feeding resource by the community of frugivores in the Paranaense Forest. Pind贸 showed a highprevalence among fruits eaten by tapirs in the Iguaz煤 National Park, and a high level of juvenilerecruitment was found in the latrines produced by this frugivore. Recruitment was higher inlatrines than beneath palm crowns and random sites within the Park. To study the genetic effectsof seed dispersal by tapirs and of defaunation we transferred microsatellites from other palmspecies to pind贸, and compared the patterns of recruitment and genetic variation of juvenilesbetween the Park and a defaunated area. Within the Park, most of the juveniles recruited inlatrines were unrelated to each other and to the nearest adult palm, and came from severalmothers, in contrast to the pattern observed around adult palms. In the defaunated area, we found agreater amount of juveniles recruited under adult palms and the proportion of juveniles comingfrom dispersed seeds was lower with respect to the Park. In addition, juveniles from thedefaunated area exhibited a significantly lower allelic richness and a trend toward a strongerspatial genetic structure than those recruited in sites containing latrines within the Park. Weconcluded that, by means of this mutualism, the tapir significantly contributes both to pind贸recruitment and gene flow. Defaunation may produce the loss of genetic variation and the increaseof spatial genetic structure in plants dispersed by those vertebrates more sensitive to humandisturbance.Fil: Giombini, Mariano Ignacio. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina

    Anel-vermelho da palma de 贸leo.

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    Este documento traz v谩rios quadros de sintomas da doen莽a em plantas de palma de 贸leo com o objetivo de subsidiar o fitossanitarista no reconhecimento do anel-vermelho. Neste material tamb茅m s茫o apresentadas as t茅cnicas recomendadas de preven莽茫o e controle do anel-vermelho e de R. palmarum.bitstream/item/152497/1/Doc-425-Ainfo.pd

    AN脕LISIS FITOQU脥MICO Y ACTIVIDAD ANTIBACTERIAL DE EXTRACTOS METAN脫LICOS DE Acrocomia aculeata: PALMA ADULTA Y GERMINADA in vitro

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    Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial effect of the methanolic extracts of different parts (leaf, stem and root) of the adult palm of Acrocomia acuelata and the palm germinated in vitro.Design / methodology / approximation: The phytochemical study was carried out by means of thin layer chromatography and visible light spectrophotometry; The diffusion method in well and microdilution in plate allowed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the methanolic extracts, besides determining its cytopathic effect in MDCK cells. A simple variance analysis was performed applying a Tukey mean comparison test at the 5% confidence level.Results: The palm of A. aculeata was propagated in vitro from zygotic embryos. The methanolic extracts were obtained from adult and in vitro samples. The phytochemical study revealed the presence of flavonoids, coumarins, anthraquinones, saponins and tannins, being the methanolic extracts of A. aculeata adult the compounds with the highest phenolic content, and the only ones with bactericidal effect against the Gram+ strains studied, with halos of inhibition of 13 to 18mm. The MIC was determined between 125 to 250 mg gallic acid equivalents ? mL-1. The CC50 values were determined between 125 and 31.25 ug.mL-1.Limitations of the study / implications: For the CC50 values of the extracts of A. aculeata, it is recommended to use for the purpose of the test only the adult root extract and the in vitro extracts.Findings / conclusions: The methanolic extracts of adult A. acuelata have bactericidal activity against Gram+ strains, and a high content of phenolic compounds.Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto antibacteriano de los extractos metan贸licos de diferentes partes (hoja, tallo y ra铆z) de la palma adulta de Acrocomia acuelata y la palma germinada in vitro.Dise帽o/metodolog铆a/aproximaci贸n: Se realiz贸 el estudio fitoqu铆mico mediante cromatograf铆a en capa fina y espectrofotometr铆a de luz visible; el m茅todo de difusi贸n en pozo y microdiluci贸n en placa permitieron evaluar la actividad antibacterial de los extractos metan贸licos, adem谩s se determin贸 su efecto citop谩tico en c茅lulas MDCK. Se realiz贸 un an谩lisis de varianza simple aplicando una prueba de comparaci贸n de medias de Tukey a un nivel del 5% de confianza.Resultados: Se propag贸 in vitro la palma de A. aculeata a partir de embriones cig贸ticos. Los extractos metan贸licos se obtuvieron de muestras adultas e in vitro. El estudio fitoqu铆mico revel贸 la presenciade flavonoides, cumarinas, antraquinonas, saponinas y taninos, siendo los extractos metan贸licos de A. aculeata adulta los de mayor contenido de compuestos fen贸licos, y los 煤nicos con efecto bactericida frentea las cepas Gram+ estudiadas, con halos de inhibici贸n de 13 a 18 mm. La CMI se determin贸 entre 125 a 250 mg equivalentes de 谩cido g谩lico?mL-1. Los valores de CC50 se determinaron entre 125 y 31.25ug.mL-1.Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: Por los valores de CC50 de los extractos de A. aculeata, se recomienda utilizar para pruebas posteriores 煤nicamente el extracto de ra铆z adulta y los extractos in vitro.Hallazgos/conclusiones: Los extractos metan贸licos de A. acuelata adulta tienen actividad bactericida frente a cepas Gram+, y un alto contenido de compuestos fen贸licos

    A cultura do coqueiro no Brasil.

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    3. ed. rev. e ampl
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