117,041 research outputs found

    Breeding Quality Protein Maize (QPM): Protocols for Developing QPM Cultivars

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    This manual is intended for maize breeders who would like to start developing quality protein maize (QPM) cultivars. It is a compilation and consolidation of several breeding protocols successfully used at CIMMYT over two decades of QPM development and breeding. A brief background and the basic theory of QPM genetics are explained, leading up to detailed methods and procedures of QPM development.Zea mays, Plant breeding, Breeding methods, Genetic resources, Protein quality, Protein content, Application methods, Lysine, Tryptophan, Food composition, Crop Production/Industries, F30, Q04,

    Pengelolaan Plasma Nutfah Tanaman Terintegrasi Dengan Program Pemuliaan

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    Plant breeding, as an applied of plant genetics, is based and is supported by various subdisciplines of genetic sciences, includeing plant germplasm, classical genetics, molecular genetics, cytogenetics, gene-transformation techniques, etc. Linkage and team work system between plant germplasm management and plant breeding program is most required, since the success of plant breeding maybe obtained from the contribution of gene donor parents, derived from the germplasm management. Without the flow of genes from the germplasm collection, varieties produced by the plant breeder would suffer a narrow genetical based or a bottle-necking genetic based. Plant germplasm research is an integral part of the germplasm management, aimed to (1) evaluate the genetic variation of the germplasm collection, to be readily available for the breeding program and to be used for scientific publications, (2) tracing the origin of plant species, and (3) officially release a selected germplasm, containing new economic gene (s). The linkage between germplasm management and plant breeding research program could be facilitated through the following activities (1) identifying an elit germplasm for varietal release, (2) selection and stabilization of a promising germplasm accession for possible varietal releases, (3) use of germplasm accession as a gene donor parent to incorporate adaptive genes into improved variety, (4) use of germplasm accession for a specific donor gene, (5) use of germplasm to broaden the genetical base of varieties through an introgression and nobilization, (6) use of germplasm to improve the genetic value of the breeding population, and (7) to develop multiple crossess involving many parents to broaden the genetical base of the breeding population. Another important function of the germplasm management is to conserve accessions carrying genes which may be useful in the future, to anticipate the dynamic changing of biological and environmental stresses on crop. Germplasm management is considered successfully conducted when it is continously supplying donor gene parents to breeders for parental crosses on their breeding program, conversely, breeding program in considered successfully managed, when it uses the rich genetic variability available on the germplasm collection. Separating the organizational units among the breeding program, germplasm management and molecular genetic research, is only for enhancing the intensity of the research, but should not separate the linkage program of the research

    Quantitative Genetics, Molecular Markers, and Plant Improvement

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    Quantitative genetics in conjunction with statistics has provided much of the scientific framework for modern plant breeding. Although there has been no specific review of the contributions of quantitative genetics and statistics to plant breeding, the contributions have been undoubtedly profound and lasting. Quantitative genetic theory in many ways is robust to and naive of modern genetic principles. Little is known about the biology or the genetic architecture of quantitative traits. In this paper, five major areas of quantitative genetics -- number of loci controlling quantitative traits, nature of quantitative trait loci, gene action and effects, epistasis, and genotype x environment interaction -- relevant to plant improvement and to molecular marker applications to such improvement are reviewed. Beyond generalities, the conclusion is that quantitative genetics has provided little specific information on the biology or the architecture of quantitative traits. Molecular markers may complement plant breeding in three broad areas. Molecular markers provide reliable estimates of genetic diversity, may improve screening efficiency for many traits through their linkage with alleles with small (quantitative traits) and with large (qualitative traits) effects, and will provide the first understanding of biology and architecture of quantitative traits at the DNA level. Generalities about the usefulness of molecular markers in plant improvement are difficult to make

    Breeding and Genetics

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    Plant breeders manipulate the genetic resources of a species, that is, its germplasm, to produce plants that have increased value to humanity. Plant breeding is human-directed evolution. All of our major food crops and their respective strains or cultivars were developed by this process. Although humans have successfully manipulated the genetic resources of plants for several thousand years, the science of genetics and breeding was not developed until the 20th century. Initially, plant genetics research was conducted on human food plants such as maize (Zea mays L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and pea (Pisum sativum L.)

    Proceedings of the COST SUSVAR/ECO-PB Workshop on organic plant breeding strategies and the use of molecular markers

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    In many countries,national projects are in progress to investigate the sustainable low-input approach.In the present COST network,these projects are coordinated by means of exchange of materials,establishing common methods for assessment and statistical analyses and by combining national experimental results.The common framework is cereal production in low-input sustainable systems with emphasis on crop diversity.The network is organised into six Working Groups,five focusing on specific research areas and one focusing on the practical application of the research results for variety testing:1)plant genetics and plant breeding,2)biostatistics,3)plant nutrition and soil microbiology,4)weed biology and plant competition,5)plant pathology and plant disease resistance biology and 6)variety testing and certification.It is essential that scientists from many disciplines work together to investigate the complex interactions between the crop and its environment,in order to be able to exploit the natural regulatory mechanisms of different agricultural systems for stabilising and increasing yield and quality.The results of this cooperation will contribute to commercial plant breeding as well as official variety testing,when participants from these areas disperse the knowledge achieved through the EU COST Action

    Recent advancements in the breeding of sorghum crop: current status and future strategies for marker-assisted breeding

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    Sorghum is emerging as a model crop for functional genetics and genomics of tropical grasses with abundant uses, including food, feed, and fuel, among others. It is currently the fifth most significant primary cereal crop. Crops are subjected to various biotic and abiotic stresses, which negatively impact on agricultural production. Developing high-yielding, disease-resistant, and climate-resilient cultivars can be achieved through marker-assisted breeding. Such selection has considerably reduced the time to market new crop varieties adapted to challenging conditions. In the recent years, extensive knowledge was gained about genetic markers. We are providing an overview of current advances in sorghum breeding initiatives, with a special focus on early breeders who may not be familiar with DNA markers. Advancements in molecular plant breeding, genetics, genomics selection, and genome editing have contributed to a thorough understanding of DNA markers, provided various proofs of the genetic variety accessible in crop plants, and have substantially enhanced plant breeding technologies. Marker-assisted selection has accelerated and precised the plant breeding process, empowering plant breeders all around the world. Copyright © 2023 Baloch, Altaf, Liaqat, Bedir, Nadeem, Cömertpay, Çoban, Habyarimana, Barutçular, Cerit, Ludidi, Karaköy, Aasim, Chung, Nawaz, Hatipoğlu, Kökten and Sun

    THE USE OF GENETICS PRINCIPLES IN RESEARCH EVALUATION: AN EXAMPLE WITH SOYBEANS

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    This paper explores the potential use of quantitative genetics principles in evaluating economic returns to plant breeding research. Basic factors affecting genetic progress are described along with possibilities for quantifying them in relation to research expenditures. An example with soybeans illustrates how this information can be incorporated into ex ante research evaluation.Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,

    Genetic Enhancement of Selected Species

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    This report, presented by Peter Langridge of the Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, considers current advances in plant breeding and the identification and utilization of genetic variation. The efficiency of breeding and selection processes is often assessed according to the ultimate success of the varieties released and the frequency with which new varieties are produced. Large breeding programs for annual crops may carry hundreds of thousands of lines to produce a new variety only once every few years. Molecular markers are well established tools in plant breeding and genetics. Recent developments in molecular markers for many crops offer considerable improvements in the efficiency and sophistication of breeding. The developmental challenges for molecular markers are considered together with the implications for public breeding programs. This report was discussed at the Stakeholder Meeting at AGM2005

    Identification of maintainer lines and evaluation of experimental hybrids derived from a Brazilian tropical onion population..

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    Edição do Proceedings of the XXVIII International Horticultural Congress on Science and Horticulture for People (IHC2010): International Symposium on New Developments in Plant Genetics and Breeding, Lisboa, jun. 2012
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