70,650 research outputs found
European Values for Ethics in Digital Technology
Digital Ethics deals with the impact of digital Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) on our societies and the environment at large. It covers a wide spectrum of societal and ethical impacts including issues such as data governance, privacy and personal data, Artificial Intelligence (AI), algorithmic decision-making and pervasive technologies. Importantly, it is not only about hardware and software, but it also concerns systems, how people and organizations and society and technology interact. In addition, with Digital Ethics comes the added variable of assessing the ethical implications of artefacts which may not yet exist, or artefacts which may have impacts we cannot predict. The Ethics4EU Project is an Erasmus+ transnational project that explores issues around teaching Digital Ethics in Computer Science. This research report on European Values for Ethics in Technology is the first Intellectual Output of the Ethics4EU project and it is presented in two parts: Part 1 used a semi-systematic literature review methodology to discuss and present the origins of Digital Ethics, recent views from EU working groups on Digital Ethics, geographical perceptions of Digital Ethics and a summary overview of pertinent Digital Ethics topics and challenges for an increasingly interconnected ICT world. These topics include data ethics, including data management and practices, AI Ethics including ethical concerns when building AI systems, automated decision making and AI policy, ethics for pervasive computing including topics such as surveillance, privacy and smart technologies, social media ethics including topics such as balancing free speech and access to accurate information and the relationship between Digital Ethics, digital regulations and digital governance with a specific focus on the GDPR legislation. Part 2 presents the results of focus groups conducted with three key groups of stakeholders â academics, industry specialists and citizens. The analysis captures their insights with regard to ethical concerns they have about new technologies, the skills or training future computer professionals should have to protect themselves in the online world and who should be responsible for teaching Digital Ethics. We analyse the similarities between the topics uncovered in the literature review and those highlighted by the focus group participants
Federated Embedded Systems â a review of the literature in related fields
This report is concerned with the vision of smart interconnected objects, a vision that has attracted much attention lately. In this paper, embedded, interconnected, open, and heterogeneous control systems are in focus, formally referred to as Federated Embedded Systems. To place FES into a context, a review of some related research directions is presented. This review includes such concepts as systems of systems, cyber-physical systems, ubiquitous
computing, internet of things, and multi-agent systems. Interestingly, the reviewed fields seem to overlap with each other in an increasing number of ways
Building the case for actionable ethics in digital health research supported by artificial intelligence
The digital revolution is disrupting the ways in which health research is conducted, and subsequently, changing healthcare. Direct-to-consumer wellness products and mobile apps, pervasive sensor technologies and access to social network data offer exciting opportunities for researchers to passively observe and/or track patients âin the wildâ and 24/7. The volume of granular personal health data gathered using these technologies is unprecedented, and is increasingly leveraged to inform personalized health promotion and disease treatment interventions. The use of artificial intelligence in the health sector is also increasing. Although rich with potential, the digital health ecosystem presents new ethical challenges for those making decisions about the selection, testing, implementation and evaluation of technologies for use in healthcare. As the âWild Westâ of digital health research unfolds, it is important to recognize who is involved, and identify how each party can and should take responsibility to advance the ethical practices of this work. While not a comprehensive review, we describe the landscape, identify gaps to be addressed, and offer recommendations as to how stakeholders can and should take responsibility to advance socially responsible digital health research
Cognitively-inspired Agent-based Service Composition for Mobile & Pervasive Computing
Automatic service composition in mobile and pervasive computing faces many
challenges due to the complex and highly dynamic nature of the environment.
Common approaches consider service composition as a decision problem whose
solution is usually addressed from optimization perspectives which are not
feasible in practice due to the intractability of the problem, limited
computational resources of smart devices, service host's mobility, and time
constraints to tailor composition plans. Thus, our main contribution is the
development of a cognitively-inspired agent-based service composition model
focused on bounded rationality rather than optimality, which allows the system
to compensate for limited resources by selectively filtering out continuous
streams of data. Our approach exhibits features such as distributedness,
modularity, emergent global functionality, and robustness, which endow it with
capabilities to perform decentralized service composition by orchestrating
manifold service providers and conflicting goals from multiple users. The
evaluation of our approach shows promising results when compared against
state-of-the-art service composition models.Comment: This paper will appear on AIMS'19 (International Conference on
Artificial Intelligence and Mobile Services) on June 2
Pervasion of what? : technoâhuman ecologies and their ubiquitous spirits.
Are the robots coming? Is the singularity near? Will we be dominated by technology? The usual response to ethical issues raised by pervasive and ubiquitous technologies assumes a philosophical anthropology centered on existential autonomy and agency, a dualistic ontology separating humans from technology and the natural from the artificial, and a post-monotheistic dualist and creational spirituality. This paper explores an alternative, less modern vision of the 'technological' future based on different assumptions: a 'deep relational' view of human being and self, an ecological view of humanâtechnology relations, and 'ubiquitous' spirituality. Moving beyond an ethics of fear and control, it is argued that technology is part of a lived and active whole that is at the same time human, technological, social, and spiritual. Influenced by ecological and Eastern thinking, it is concluded that an ethics of technology understood as a relational ethics of life asks us to adapt and grow within this multi-faced ecology, which is currently - but not necessarily - pervaded by hyper-individualist modernity and its ego-boosting technologies of the self. This growth is only possible by relating to, and learning from, other cultures and from their specific way of pervading and being pervaded
Big data : toward the influence of organisation culture and artificial intelligence on firm performance
Big Data has become pervasive in the business environment, as the datafication of
the world continues through the deployment of the internet of things. In the race to
achieve data supremacy, organisations are making large investments into Big Data
technologies. These projects, however, are proving difficult to implement, with
substantive value in the form of return on investment, evading a large proportion of
organisations. To alleviate the disconnect between Big Data implementation and
improved FPer, research has highlighted the involvement of OC as a key enabler of
improved FPer. Furthermore, as Big Data has evolved to the status of a factor of
production, the next frontier of technology has arrived in the form of AI, allowing these
vast repositories of data to be analysed for deeper insights than was previously
possible. Thus, there exists a new entanglement of relationships between Big Data
Analytics Capabilities, the OC allowing for these technologies to be leveraged
correctly, and the fringe data science technology of AI. This study seeks to delve
deeper into these relationships to understand their effect on FPer, and ultimately how
organisations can best utilise them to create a sustained competitive advantageMini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2019.pt2020Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)MB
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