Scheduling for next generation WLANs: filling the gap between offered and observed data rates

In wireless networks, opportunistic scheduling is used to increase system throughput by exploiting multi-user diversity. Although recent advances have increased physical layer data rates supported in wireless local area networks (WLANs), actual throughput realized are significantly lower due to overhead. Accordingly, the frame aggregation concept is used in next generation WLANs to improve efficiency. However, with frame aggregation, traditional opportunistic schemes are no longer optimal. In this paper, we propose schedulers that take queue and channel conditions into account jointly, to maximize throughput observed at the users for next generation WLANs. We also extend this work to design two schedulers that perform block scheduling for maximizing network throughput over multiple transmission sequences. For these schedulers, which make decisions over long time durations, we model the system using queueing theory and determine users' temporal access proportions according to this model. Through detailed simulations, we show that all our proposed algorithms offer significant throughput improvement, better fairness, and much lower delay compared with traditional opportunistic schedulers, facilitating the practical use of the evolving standard for next generation wireless networks

A Review on OFDMA and MU-MIMO MAC Protocols for upcoming IEEE Standard 802.11ax

IEEE introduced a new standard IEEE 802.11ax for the next generation WLANs.As we know,the current throughput is very low because of the current Media Access Control(MAC) in present wireless area networks.So,the concept of Orthogonal Frequency Multiple Access(OFDMA) to facilitate multi user access is introduced.The main challenges of adopting OFDMA areoverhead reduction and synchronization.To meet these challenges this paper revised an OFDMA based OMAX protocol.And due to various various bandwidth consuming applications and devices today’s WLANs have become stressed and low at throughput.To handle this problem MU MIMO is used to improve the performance of WLANs.This paper surveys uplink/downlink mutli user MAC protocols for MIMO enabled devices.It also identifies the key requirements of MAC protocol design

Interference Alignment for Cognitive Radio Communications and Networks: A Survey

© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Interference alignment (IA) is an innovative wireless transmission strategy that has shown to be a promising technique for achieving optimal capacity scaling of a multiuser interference channel at asymptotically high-signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Transmitters exploit the availability of multiple signaling dimensions in order to align their mutual interference at the receivers. Most of the research has focused on developing algorithms for determining alignment solutions as well as proving interference alignment’s theoretical ability to achieve the maximum degrees of freedom in a wireless network. Cognitive radio, on the other hand, is a technique used to improve the utilization of the radio spectrum by opportunistically sensing and accessing unused licensed frequency spectrum, without causing harmful interference to the licensed users. With the increased deployment of wireless services, the possibility of detecting unused frequency spectrum becomes diminished. Thus, the concept of introducing interference alignment in cognitive radio has become a very attractive proposition. This paper provides a survey of the implementation of IA in cognitive radio under the main research paradigms, along with a summary and analysis of results under each system model.Peer reviewe

Energy-aware Resource Allocating Mechanism Based on MAC/PHY for Wireless Network

针对无线网络服务能耗较高的问题,提出了一种基于机会主义的能量感知调度方案(OEARS)。首先,该方法将资源分配过程中的能耗和其他自然因素同时考虑; ,采用一种称为MAC/PHY机会主义方法对系统吞吐量进行优化;然后,利用唤醒-休眠模式和信道条件进行实现能耗最小化,并利用物理层信息提高系统容量; ,最大化能量效率。仿真实验结果表明,在保持接近的系统性能的前提下,OEARS的能耗低于现有的其他调度方案。Aimed at the problem of high energy consumption of wireless network; service, an energy-aware resource scheduling scheme-OEARS based on the; opportunism is proposed. Firstly, this method considers the energy; consumption and other natural factors in the process of resource; allocation. An opportunistic approach called MAC/PHY is used to optimize; the system throughput. Then, the energy consumption is minimized by; using the wake-sleep mode and the channel condition, and the physical; layer information is used to improve the system capacity and maximize; the energy efficiency. The simulation results show that the energy; consumption of OEARS is lower than that of other existing scheduling; schemes on the premise of keeping the close system performance.国家自然科学基金面上项目; 广东省教育部科技部中国科学院产学研结合项

SourceSync: A Distributed Wireless Architecture for Exploiting Sender Diversity

Diversity is an intrinsic property of wireless networks. Recent years have witnessed the emergence of many distributed protocols like ExOR, MORE, SOAR, SOFT, and MIXIT that exploit receiver diversity in 802.11-like networks. In contrast, the dual of receiver diversity, sender diversity, has remained largely elusive to such networks. This paper presents SourceSync, a distributed architecture for harnessing sender diversity. SourceSync enables concurrent senders to synchronize their transmissions to symbol boundaries, and cooperate to forward packets at higher data rates than they could have achieved by transmitting separately. The paper shows that SourceSync improves the performance of opportunistic routing protocols. Specifically, SourceSync allows all nodes that overhear a packet in a wireless mesh to simultaneously transmit it to their nexthops, in contrast to existing opportunistic routing protocols that are forced to pick a single forwarder from among the overhearing nodes. Such simultaneous transmission reduces bit errors and improves throughput. The paper also shows that SourceSync increases the throughput of 802.11 last hop diversity protocols by allowing multiple APs to transmit simultaneously to a client, thereby harnessing sender diversity. We have implemented SourceSync on the FPGA of an 802.11-like radio platform. We have also evaluated our system in an indoor wireless testbed, empirically showing its benefits.National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Award CNS-0831660)United States. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. Information Theory for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks Progra

Resource management in QoS-aware wireless cellular networks

2011 Summer.Includes bibliographical references.Emerging broadband wireless networks that support high speed packet data with heterogeneous quality of service (QoS) requirements demand more flexible and efficient use of the scarce spectral resource. Opportunistic scheduling exploits the time-varying, location-dependent channel conditions to achieve multiuser diversity. In this work, we study two types of resource allocation problems in QoS-aware wireless cellular networks. First, we develop a rigorous framework to study opportunistic scheduling in multiuser OFDM systems. We derive optimal opportunistic scheduling policies under three common QoS/fairness constraints for multiuser OFDM systems--temporal fairness, utilitarian fairness, and minimum-performance guarantees. To implement these optimal policies efficiently, we provide a modified Hungarian algorithm and a simple suboptimal algorithm. We then propose a generalized opportunistic scheduling framework that incorporates multiple mixed QoS/fairness constraints, including providing both lower and upper bound constraints. Next, taking input queues and channel memory into consideration, we reformulate the transmission scheduling problem as a new class of Markov decision processes (MDPs) with fairness constraints. We investigate the throughput maximization and the delay minimization problems in this context. We study two categories of fairness constraints, namely temporal fairness and utilitarian fairness. We consider two criteria: infinite horizon expected total discounted reward and expected average reward. We derive and prove explicit dynamic programming equations for the above constrained MDPs, and characterize optimal scheduling policies based on those equations. An attractive feature of our proposed schemes is that they can easily be extended to fit different objective functions and other fairness measures. Although we only focus on uplink scheduling, the scheme is equally applicable to the downlink case. Furthermore, we develop an efficient approximation method--temporal fair rollout--to reduce the computational cost

Cross-layer design and optimization of medium access control protocols for wlans

This thesis provides a contribution to the field of Medium Access Control (MAC) layer protocol design for wireless networks by proposing and evaluating mechanisms that enhance different aspects of the network performance. These enhancements are achieved through the exchange of information between different layers of the traditional protocol stack, a concept known as Cross-Layer (CL) design. The main thesis contributions are divided into two parts. The first part of the thesis introduces a novel MAC layer protocol named Distributed Queuing Collision Avoidance (DQCA). DQCA behaves as a reservation scheme that ensures collision-free data transmissions at the majority of the time and switches automatically to an Aloha-like random access mechanism when the traffic load is low. DQCA can be enriched by more advanced scheduling algorithms based on a CL dialogue between the MAC and other protocol layers, to provide higher throughput and Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees. The second part of the thesis explores a different challenge in MAC layer design, related to the ability of multiple antenna systems to offer point-to-multipoint communications. Some modifications to the recently approved IEEE 802.11n standard are proposed in order to handle simultaneous multiuser downlink transmissions. A number of multiuser MAC schemes that handle channel access and scheduling issues and provide mechanisms for feedback acquisition have been presented and evaluated. The obtained performance enhancements have been demonstrated with the help of both theoretical analysis and simulation obtained results