Evaluating of DNP3 protocol over serial eastern operating unit substations and improving SCADA performance

A thesis which models the DNP3 and IEC 61850 protocol in OPNETSupervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) is a critical part of monitoring and controlling of the electrical substation. The aim of this dissertation is to investigate the performance of the Distributed Network Protocol Version 3.3 (DNP3) protocol and to compare its performance to that of International Electro-technical Commission (IEC) 61850 protocol in an electrical substation communication network environment. Building an electrical substation control room and installing the network equipment was going to be expensive and take a lot of time. The better option was to build a model of the electrical substation communication network and run simulations. Riverbend modeller academic edition known as Optimized Network Engineering Tool (OPNET) was chosen as a software package to model substation communication network, DNP3 protocol and IEC 61850 Protocol stack. Modelling the IEC 61850 protocol stack on OPNET involved building the used Open System Interconnection (OSI) layers of the IEC 61850 protocol stack onto the application definitions of OPNET. The Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) configuration settings of DNP3 protocol were also modelled on the OPNET application definitions. The aim is to compare the two protocols and determine which protocol is the best performing one in terms of throughput, data delay and latency. The substation communication model consists of 10 ethernet nodes which simulate protection Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs), 13 ethernet switches, a server which simulates the substation Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) and the DNP3 Protocol over TCP/IP simulated on the model. DNP3 is a protocol that can be used in a power utility computer network to provide communication service for the grid components. DNP3 protocol is currently used at Eskom as the communication protocol because it is widely used by equipment vendors in the energy sector. DNP3 protocol will be modelled before being compared to the new recent robust protocol IEC 61850 in the same model and determine which protocol is the best for Eskom on the network of the power grid. The network load and packet delay parameters were sampled when 10%, 50%, 90% and 100% of devices are online. The IEC 61850 protocol model has three scenarios and they are normal operation of a Substation, maintenance in a Substation and Buszone operation at a Substation. In these scenarios packet end to end delay of Generic Object Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE), vi © University of South Africa 2020 Generic Substation Status Event (GSSE), Sampled Values (SV) and Manufacturing Messaging Specification (MMS) messages are monitored. The throughput from the IED under maintenance and the throughput at the Substation RTU end is monitored in the model. Analysis of the results of the DNP3 protocol simulation showed that with an increase in number of nodes there was an increase in packet delay as well as the network load. The load on the network should be taken into consideration when designing a substation communication network that requires a quick response such as a smart gird. GOOSE, GSSE, SV results on the IEC 61850 model met all the requirements of the IEC 61850 standard and the MMS did not meet all the requirements of the IEC standard. The design of the substation communication network using IEC 61850 will assist when trying to predict the behavior of the network with regards to this specific protocol during maintenance and when there are faults in the communication network or IED’s. After the simulation of the DNP3 protocol and the IEC 61850 the throughput of DNP3 protocol was determined to be in the range (20 – 450) kbps and the throughput of IEC61850 protocol was determined to be in the range (1.6 – 16) Mbps.College of Engineering, Science and TechnologyM. Tech. (Electrical Engineering

Junos OS Security Configuration Guide

This preface provides the following guidelines for using the Junos OS Security Configuration Guide: • J Series and SRX Series Documentation and Release Notes on page xli • Objectives on page xlii • Audience on page xlii • Supported Routing Platforms on page xlii • Document Conventions on page xlii • Documentation Feedback on page xliv • Requesting Technical Support on page xliv Juniper Networks supports a technical book program to publish books by Juniper Networks engineers and subject matter experts with book publishers around the world. These books go beyond the technical documentation to explore the nuances of network architecture, deployment, and administration using the Junos operating system (Junos OS) and Juniper Networks devices. In addition, the Juniper Networks Technical Library, published in conjunction with O'Reilly Media, explores improving network security, reliability, and availability using Junos OS configuration techniques. All the books are for sale at technical bookstores and book outlets around the world. The current list can be viewed at http://www.juniper.net/books .Junos OS for SRX Series Services Gateways integrates the world-class network security and routing capabilities of Juniper Networks. Junos OS includes a wide range of packet-based filtering, class-of-service (CoS) classifiers, and traffic-shaping features as well as a rich, extensive set of flow-based security features including policies, screens, network address translation (NAT), and other flow-based services. Traffic that enters and exits services gateway is processed according to features you configure, such as packet filters, security policies, and screens. For example, the software can determine: • Whether the packet is allowed into the device • Which firewall screens to apply to the packet • The route the packet takes to reach its destination • Which CoS to apply to the packet, if any • Whether to apply NAT to translate the packet’s IP address • Whether the packet requires an Application Layer Gateway (ALG

Simultaneous Implementation Of Ssl And Ipsec Protocols For Remote Vpn Connection

A Virtual Private Network is a wide spread technology for connecting remote users and locations to the main core network. It has number of benefits such as cost-efficiency and security. SSL and IPSec are the most popular VPN protocols employed by large number of organizations. Each protocol has its benefits and disadvantages. Simultaneous SSL and IPSec implementation delivers efficient and flexible solution for companies’ with heterogeneous remote connection needs. On the other hand, employing two different VPN technologies opens questions about compatibility, performance, and drawbacks especially if they are utilized by one network device. The study examines the behavior of the two VPN protocols implemented in one edge network device, ASA 5510 security appliance. It follows the configuration process as well as the effect of the VPN protocols on the ASA performance including routing functions, firewall access lists, and network address translation abilities. The paper also presents the cost effect and the maintenance requirements for utilizing SSL and IPSec in one edge network security devic

Study, Analysis and Modeling of IP Multimedia systems on next generation networks providing mobile and fixed multimedia services

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Voice over IP

The area that this thesis covers is Voice over IP (or IP Telephony as it is sometimes called) over Private networks and not over the Internet. There is a distinction to be made between the two even though the term is loosely applied to both. IP Telephony over Private Networks involve calls made over private WANs using IP telephony protocols while IP Telephony over the Internet involve calls made over the public Internet using IP telephony protocols. Since the network is private, service is reliable because the network owner can control how resources are allocated to various applications, such as telephony services. The public Internet on the other hand is a public, largely unmanaged network that offers no reliable service guarantee. Calls placed over the Internet can be low in quality, but given the low price, some find this solution attractive. What started off as an Internet Revolution with free phone calls being offered to the general public using their multimedia computers has turned into a telecommunication revolution where enterprises are beginning to converge their data and voice networks into one network. In retrospect, an enterprise\u27s data networks are being leveraged for telephony. The communication industry has come full circle. Earlier in the decade data was being transmitted over the public voice networks and now voice is just another application which is/will be run over the enterprises existing data networks. We shall see in this thesis the problems that are encountered while sending Voice over Data networks using the underlying IP Protocol and the corrective steps taken by the Industry to resolve these multitudes of issues. Paul M. Zam who is collaborating in this Joint Thesis/project on VoIP will substantiate this theoretical research with his practical findings. On reading this paper the reader will gain an insight in the issues revolving the implementation of VoIP in an enterprises private network as well the technical data, which sheds more light on the same. Thus the premise of this joint thesis/project is to analyze the current status of the technology and present a business case scenario where an organization will be able to use this information

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, 2003, nr 4

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Interoperability of wireless communication technologies in hybrid networks: Evaluation of end-to-end interoperability issues and quality of service requirements

This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.Hybrid Networks employing wireless communication technologies have nowadays brought closer the vision of communication “anywhere, any time with anyone”. Such communication technologies consist of various standards, protocols, architectures, characteristics, models, devices, modulation and coding techniques. All these different technologies naturally may share some common characteristics, but there are also many important differences. New advances in these technologies are emerging very rapidly, with the advent of new models, characteristics, protocols and architectures. This rapid evolution imposes many challenges and issues to be addressed, and of particular importance are the interoperability issues of the following wireless technologies: Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) IEEE802.11, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) IEEE 802.16, Single Channel per Carrier (SCPC), Digital Video Broadcasting of Satellite (DVB-S/DVB-S2), and Digital Video Broadcasting Return Channel through Satellite (DVB-RCS). Due to the differences amongst wireless technologies, these technologies do not generally interoperate easily with each other because of various interoperability and Quality of Service (QoS) issues. The aim of this study is to assess and investigate end-to-end interoperability issues and QoS requirements, such as bandwidth, delays, jitter, latency, packet loss, throughput, TCP performance, UDP performance, unicast and multicast services and availability, on hybrid wireless communication networks (employing both satellite broadband and terrestrial wireless technologies). The thesis provides an introduction to wireless communication technologies followed by a review of previous research studies on Hybrid Networks (both satellite and terrestrial wireless technologies, particularly Wi-Fi, WiMAX, DVB-RCS, and SCPC). Previous studies have discussed Wi-Fi, WiMAX, DVB-RCS, SCPC and 3G technologies and their standards as well as their properties and characteristics, such as operating frequency, bandwidth, data rate, basic configuration, coverage, power, interference, social issues, security problems, physical and MAC layer design and development issues. Although some previous studies provide valuable contributions to this area of research, they are limited to link layer characteristics, TCP performance, delay, bandwidth, capacity, data rate, and throughput. None of the studies cover all aspects of end-to-end interoperability issues and QoS requirements; such as bandwidth, delay, jitter, latency, packet loss, link performance, TCP and UDP performance, unicast and multicast performance, at end-to-end level, on Hybrid wireless networks. Interoperability issues are discussed in detail and a comparison of the different technologies and protocols was done using appropriate testing tools, assessing various performance measures including: bandwidth, delay, jitter, latency, packet loss, throughput and availability testing. The standards, protocol suite/ models and architectures for Wi-Fi, WiMAX, DVB-RCS, SCPC, alongside with different platforms and applications, are discussed and compared. Using a robust approach, which includes a new testing methodology and a generic test plan, the testing was conducted using various realistic test scenarios on real networks, comprising variable numbers and types of nodes. The data, traces, packets, and files were captured from various live scenarios and sites. The test results were analysed in order to measure and compare the characteristics of wireless technologies, devices, protocols and applications. The motivation of this research is to study all the end-to-end interoperability issues and Quality of Service requirements for rapidly growing Hybrid Networks in a comprehensive and systematic way. The significance of this research is that it is based on a comprehensive and systematic investigation of issues and facts, instead of hypothetical ideas/scenarios or simulations, which informed the design of a test methodology for empirical data gathering by real network testing, suitable for the measurement of hybrid network single-link or end-to-end issues using proven test tools. This systematic investigation of the issues encompasses an extensive series of tests measuring delay, jitter, packet loss, bandwidth, throughput, availability, performance of audio and video session, multicast and unicast performance, and stress testing. This testing covers most common test scenarios in hybrid networks and gives recommendations in achieving good end-to-end interoperability and QoS in hybrid networks. Contributions of study include the identification of gaps in the research, a description of interoperability issues, a comparison of most common test tools, the development of a generic test plan, a new testing process and methodology, analysis and network design recommendations for end-to-end interoperability issues and QoS requirements. This covers the complete cycle of this research. It is found that UDP is more suitable for hybrid wireless network as compared to TCP, particularly for the demanding applications considered, since TCP presents significant problems for multimedia and live traffic which requires strict QoS requirements on delay, jitter, packet loss and bandwidth. The main bottleneck for satellite communication is the delay of approximately 600 to 680 ms due to the long distance factor (and the finite speed of light) when communicating over geostationary satellites. The delay and packet loss can be controlled using various methods, such as traffic classification, traffic prioritization, congestion control, buffer management, using delay compensator, protocol compensator, developing automatic request technique, flow scheduling, and bandwidth allocation

Architectures pour la mobilité et la qualité de service dans les systèmse satellites DVB-S2/RCS

Nos travaux de thèse ont pour objectif la conception, la mise en œuvre et l'évaluation d'architectures pour la mobilité et la qualité de service (QoS) dans des systèmes satellites DVB-S2/RCS. Ces systèmes peuvent constituer une solution alternative efficace aux réseaux terrestres dans des zones reculées à faible densité de population mais ils doivent pour cela offrir les mêmes services tout en tenant compte de leurs caractéristiques spécifiques, en particulier leur long délai de transmission qui peut s'avérer problématique dans le cadre d'applications multimédias interactives. Notre première contribution a donc été de développer une architecture de QoS adaptée à ce type d'applications, utilisant le modèle DiffServ et se basant essentiellement sur l'interaction entre l'architecture liée au protocole d'initiation de session SIP et différentes entités du système satellite. La QoS peut alors être configurée de façon précise au niveau des STs, par le biais de l'outil TC, en analysant les descripteurs de session SDP compris dans les messages SIP et en déduisant leurs caractéristiques (débit, gigue max, délai max, etc...) soit localement si elles sont connues, soit à partir d'un service Web que nous avons développé. Nous avons ensuite proposé et développé une solution de mobilité basée sur SIP, adaptée au système satellite ainsi qu'à la solution de QoS précédemment décrite. Les performances de cette solution ont alors été comparées, en termes de temps d'interruption et de consommation de ressources, avec celles obtenues par Mobile IPv6 et certaines de ses extensions, démontrant ainsi de réelles améliorations pour le cas des applications multimédias interactives. Enfin, notre dernière contribution a été de développer deux architectures couplant QoS et mobilité, une spécifiquement conçue pour les applications interactives et basée sur la combinaison de notre solution de mobilité SIP avec notre architecture de QoS SIP et une autre basée sur Mobile IPv6 ou FMIPv6 et sur l'interaction d'un QoS Agent mobile avec les entités de QoS du système satellite. Ces architectures ont été évaluées et comparées sur la plateforme d'émulation PLATINE développée dans le cadre du projet SATSIX.Our thesis work aims at the design, the implementation and the evaluation of architectures for mobility and quality of service (QoS) in DVB-S2/RCS satellite systems. These systems can be an effective alternative to terrestrial networks in remote and sparsely populated areas but, for that, they have to offer the same services while taking into account their specific characteristics, particularly their long transmission delay that can be problematic in the context of interactive multimedia applications. Our first contribution has been to develop a QoS architecture adapted to such applications, using the DiffServ model and relying heavily on the interaction between the architecture related to the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and various entities of the satellite system. The QoS of satellite terminals (STs) can then be configured precisely, by using the TC tool and analyzing the SDP session descriptors included in the SIP messages and deducting their characteristics (throughput, jitter max, delay max, etc. ...) either locally, if they are known, or from a Web service that we have developed. We then proposed and developed a mobility solution based on SIP, adapted to the satellite system and to the QoS solution described above. The performances of this solution were compared in terms of handover time and resources consumption, with those obtained by Mobile IPv6 and some of its extensions, showing real improvements in the case of interactive multimedia applications. Finally, our last contribution was to develop two architectures combining QoS and mobility: the first one is specifically designed for interactive applications and based on the combination of our SIP-based mobility solution with our SIP QoS architecture and the another is based on Mobile IPv6 or FMIPv6 for the mobility part and on the interaction of a mobile QoS agent with QoS entities of the satellite system. These architectures have been evaluated and compared on the emulation platform PLATINE developed under the project SATSIX