Performance Analysis of Reputation based Proof of Credibility Consensus Mechanism for Blockchain based Applications

Blockchain is a decentralized transaction and data management technology first developed for the Bitcoin cryptocurrency. Blockchain technology is gaining popularity due to its core attributes which provides security, anonymity and data integrity without any involvement of third party. Consensus mechanism is a procedure by which all peers in the blockchain network agrees to a common agreement on the current state of the distributed ledger. It plays vital role in increasing efficiency of any blockchain environment. Though we have many consensus mechanisms working currently in different areas but they still lack in parameters like status of validators, latency, node failure etc. In Our proposed algorithm Proof of credibility, we have tried to incorporate all above factors in it. We have also implemented two or more factors of proposed algorithm and have evaluated and compared with existing consensus algorithm. In future research we aim to implement RPoC in any blockchain network and then we will evaluate it in terms of different evaluation parameters such as performance, security, scalability

Performance Analysis and Comparison of Non-ideal Wireless PBFT and RAFT Consensus Networks in 6G Communications

Due to advantages in security and privacy, blockchain is considered a key enabling technology to support 6G communications. Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) and RAFT are seen as the most applicable consensus mechanisms (CMs) in blockchain-enabled wireless networks. However, previous studies on PBFT and RAFT rarely consider the channel performance of the physical layer, such as path loss and channel fading, resulting in research results that are far from real networks. Additionally, 6G communications will widely deploy high-frequency signals such as terahertz (THz) and millimeter wave (mmWave), while performances of PBFT and RAFT are still unknown when these signals are transmitted in wireless PBFT or RAFT networks. Therefore, it is urgent to study the performance of non-ideal wireless PBFT and RAFT networks with THz and mmWave signals, to better make PBFT and RAFT play a role in the 6G era. In this paper, we study and compare the performance of THz and mmWave signals in non-ideal wireless PBFT and RAFT networks, considering Rayleigh Fading (RF) and close-in Free Space (FS) reference distance path loss. Performance is evaluated by five metrics: consensus success rate, latency, throughput, reliability gain, and energy consumption. Meanwhile, we find and derive that there is a maximum distance between two nodes that can make CMs inevitably successful, and it is named the active distance of CMs. The research results not only analyze the performance of non-ideal wireless PBFT and RAFT networks, but also provide important references for the future transmission of THz and mmWave signals in PBFT and RAFT networks.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2303.1575

A blockchain-IoT platform for the smart pallet pooling management

Pallet management as a backbone of logistics and supply chain activities is essential to supply chain parties, while a number of regulations, standards and operational constraints are considered in daily operations. In recent years, pallet pooling has been unconventionally advocated to manage pallets in a closed-loop system to enhance the sustainability and operational effectiveness, but pitfalls in terms of service reliability, quality compliance and pallet limitation when using a single service provider may occur. Therefore, this study incorporates a decentralisation mechanism into the pallet management to formulate a technological eco-system for pallet pooling, namely Pallet as a Service (PalletaaS), raised by the foundation of consortium blockchain and Internet of things (IoT). Consortium blockchain is regarded as the blockchain 3.0 to facilitate more industrial applications, except cryptocurrency, and the synergy of integrating a consortium blockchain and IoT is thus investigated. The corresponding layered architecture is proposed to structure the system deployment in the industry, in which the location-inventory-routing problem for pallet pooling is formulated. To demonstrate the values of this study, a case analysis to illustrate the human–computer interaction and pallet pooling operations is conducted. Overall, this study standardises the decentralised pallet management in the closed-loop mechanism, resulting in a constructive impact to sustainable development in the logistics industry

The Merits of a Decentralized Pollution-Monitoring System Based on Distributed Ledger Technology

Pollution-monitoring systems (PMSs) are used worldwide to sense environmental changes, such as air quality conditions or temperature increases, and to monitor compliance with regulations. However, organizations manage the environmental data collected by such PMSs in a centralized manner, which is why recorded environmental data are vulnerable to manipulation. Moreover, the analysis of pollution data often lacks transparency to outsiders, which may lead to wrong decisions regarding environmental regulations. To address these challenges, we propose a software design for PMSs based on distributed ledger technology (DLT) and the long-range (LoRa) protocol for flexible, transparent, and energy-efficient environment monitoring and data management. To design the PMS, we conducted a comprehensive requirements analysis for PMSs. We benchmarked different consensus mechanisms (e.g., BFT-SMaRt and Raft) and digital signature schemes (e.g., ECDSA and EdDSA) to adequately design the PMS and fulfill the identified requirements

UMA ANÁLISE DE ALGORITMOS DE CONSENSO PARA BLOCKCHAIN VISANDO À IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DE SISTEMAS DE INFORMAÇÃO DISTRIBUÍDOS TRANSPARENTES

Transparency in distributed-database information systems is only of real value when integration, sharing, consistency and integrity requirements are all firstly guaranteed. By its turn, the Blockchain technology is considered to be the most promising implementation solution to meet these requirements simultaneously. Within this context, this paper analyzes three important consensus algorithms for the Blockchain technology. This analysis includes a theoretical study and a comparative evaluation as well. The results allow us to better understand the most positive points and vulnerabilities of each analyzed algorithm. Finally, general conclusions and future work conclude this article. A transparência em sistemas de informação com bases de dados distribuídas somente tem real valor se antes estiverem garantidos os requisitos de integração, compartilhamento, consistência e integridade. Por sua vez, a tecnologia Blockchain é considerada a mais promissora solução de implementação para atender a esses requisitos conjuntamente. Neste contexto, este artigo analisa três importantes algoritmos de consenso para a tecnologia Blockchain. Esta análise contempla um estudo teórico e uma avaliação comparativa. Os resultados advindos permitem melhor compreender os pontos mais positivos e as vulnerabilidades de cada algoritmo analisado. Por fim, conclusões gerais e trabalhos futuros encerram este artigo

UMA ANÁLISE DE ALGORITMOS DE CONSENSO PARA BLOCKCHAIN VISANDO À IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DE SISTEMAS DE INFORMAÇÃO DISTRIBUÍDOS TRANSPARENTES

Transparency in distributed-database information systems is only of real value when integration, sharing, consistency and integrity requirements are all firstly guaranteed. By its turn, the Blockchain technology is considered to be the most promising implementation solution to meet these requirements simultaneously. Within this context, this paper analyzes three important consensus algorithms for the Blockchain technology. This analysis includes a theoretical study and a comparative evaluation as well. The results allow us to better understand the most positive points and vulnerabilities of each analyzed algorithm. Finally, general conclusions and future work conclude this article. A transparência em sistemas de informação com bases de dados distribuídas somente tem real valor se antes estiverem garantidos os requisitos de integração, compartilhamento, consistência e integridade. Por sua vez, a tecnologia Blockchain é considerada a mais promissora solução de implementação para atender a esses requisitos conjuntamente. Neste contexto, este artigo analisa três importantes algoritmos de consenso para a tecnologia Blockchain. Esta análise contempla um estudo teórico e uma avaliação comparativa. Os resultados advindos permitem melhor compreender os pontos mais positivos e as vulnerabilidades de cada algoritmo analisado. Por fim, conclusões gerais e trabalhos futuros encerram este artigo