11 research outputs found

    ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ биполярныС ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ для робастного маркирования Ρ†ΠΈΡ„Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… аудиосигналов ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ лоскута

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    Ensuring the robustness of digital audio watermarking under the influence of interference, various transformations and possible attacks is an urgent problem. One of the most used and fairly stable marking methods is the patchwork method. Its robustness is ensured by the use of expanding bipolar numerical sequences in the formation and embedding of a watermark in a digital audio and correlation detection in the detection and extraction of a watermark. An analysis of the patchwork method showed that the absolute values of the ratio of the maximum of the autocorrelation function (ACF) to its minimum for expanding bipolar sequences and extended marker sequences used in traditional digital watermarking approach 2 with high accuracy. This made it possible to formulate criteria for searching for special expanding bipolar sequences, which have improved correlation properties and greater robustness. The article developed a mathematical apparatus for searching and constructing limit-expanding bipolar sequences used in solving the problem of robust digital audio watermarking using the patchwork method. Limit bipolar sequences are defined as sequences whose autocorrelation functions have the maximum possible ratios of maximum to minimum in absolute value. Theorems and corollaries from them are formulated and proved: on the existence of an upper bound on the minimum values of autocorrelation functions of limit bipolar sequences and on the values of the first and second petals of the ACF. On this basis, a rigorous mathematical definition of limit bipolar sequences is given. A method for searching for the complete set of limit bipolar sequences based on rational search and a method for constructing limit bipolar sequences of arbitrary length using generating functions are developed. The results of the computer simulation of the assessment of the values of the absolute value of the ratio of the maximum to the minimum of the autocorrelation and cross-correlation functions of the studied bipolar sequences for blind reception are presented. It is shown that the proposed limit bipolar sequences are characterized by better correlation properties in comparison with the traditionally used bipolar sequences and are more robust.ΠžΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ устойчивости маркирования Ρ†ΠΈΡ„Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… аудиосигналов Π² условиях дСйствия ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ…, Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ являСтся Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ. Одним ΠΈΠ· Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… ΠΈ достаточно устойчивых ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² маркирования являСтся ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ лоскута. Π•Π³ΠΎ Ρ€ΠΎΠ±Π°ΡΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ обСспСчиваСтся ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ€Π°ΡΡˆΠΈΡ€ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… биполярных числовых ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΊΠ΅Ρ€Π° Π² Ρ†ΠΈΡ„Ρ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ аудиосигнал ΠΈ коррСляционного дСтСктирования ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΊΠ΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ. Анализ свойств биполярных ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΉ, Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… Π² ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ лоскута, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π», Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π°Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Π΅ значСния Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ максимума автокоррСляционной Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ (АКЀ) ΠΊ Π΅Ρ‘ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡƒΠΌΡƒ для Ρ€Π°ΡΡˆΠΈΡ€ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… биполярных ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Ρ€Π°ΡΡˆΠΈΡ€Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΊΠ΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΊΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, с высокой Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΊ 2. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΡΡ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ для поиска ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π°ΡΡˆΠΈΡ€ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… биполярных ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΡƒΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ коррСляционными свойствами ΠΈ большСй ΡƒΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΉΡ‡ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ. Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½ матСматичСский Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ для поиска ΠΈ построСния ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π°ΡΡˆΠΈΡ€ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… биполярных ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡ΠΈ робастного маркирования Ρ†ΠΈΡ„Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… аудиосигналов ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ лоскута. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ биполярныС ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ, Ρƒ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… автокоррСляционныС Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ максимально Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π°Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ максимума ΠΊ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡƒΠΌΡƒ. Π‘Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Ρ‹ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΈ слСдствия ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ…: ΠΎ сущСствовании Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ…Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ†Ρ‹ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ автокоррСляционных Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… биполярных ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΎ значСниях ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ лСпСстков АКЀ. На этой основС Π΄Π°Π½ΠΎ строгоС матСматичСскоС ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… биполярных ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΉ. Π Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½Ρ‹ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ поиска ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ мноТСства ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… биполярных ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π° основС Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π±ΠΎΡ€Π° ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ построСния ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… биполярных ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ с использованиСм ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡŒΡŽΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ модСлирования ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π°Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ максимума ΠΊ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡƒΠΌΡƒ автокоррСляционной ΠΈ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ коррСляционных Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ исслСдуСмых биполярных ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΉ для слСпого ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ°. Показано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ биполярныС ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠΈΠΌΠΈ коррСляционными свойствами Π² сравнСнии с Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹ΠΌΠΈ биполярными ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ большСй ΡƒΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΉΡ‡ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ

    ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ биполярныС ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ для робастного маркирования Ρ†ΠΈΡ„Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… аудиосигналов ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ лоскута

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    ΠžΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ устойчивости маркирования Ρ†ΠΈΡ„Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… аудиосигналов Π² условиях дСйствия ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ…, Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ являСтся Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ. Одним ΠΈΠ· Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… ΠΈ достаточно устойчивых ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² маркирования являСтся ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ лоскута. Π•Π³ΠΎ Ρ€ΠΎΠ±Π°ΡΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ обСспСчиваСтся ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ€Π°ΡΡˆΠΈΡ€ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… биполярных числовых ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΊΠ΅Ρ€Π° Π² Ρ†ΠΈΡ„Ρ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ аудиосигнал ΠΈ коррСляционного дСтСктирования ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΊΠ΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ. Анализ свойств биполярных ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΉ, Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… Π² ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ лоскута, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π», Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π°Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Π΅ значСния Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ максимума автокоррСляционной Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ (АКЀ) ΠΊ Π΅Ρ‘ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡƒΠΌΡƒ для Ρ€Π°ΡΡˆΠΈΡ€ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… биполярных ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Ρ€Π°ΡΡˆΠΈΡ€Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΊΠ΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΊΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, с высокой Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΊ 2. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΡΡ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ для поиска ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π°ΡΡˆΠΈΡ€ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… биполярных ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΡƒΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ коррСляционными свойствами ΠΈ большСй ΡƒΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΉΡ‡ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ. Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½ матСматичСский Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ для поиска ΠΈ построСния ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π°ΡΡˆΠΈΡ€ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… биполярных ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡ΠΈ робастного маркирования Ρ†ΠΈΡ„Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… аудиосигналов ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ лоскута. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ биполярныС ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ, Ρƒ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… автокоррСляционныС Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ максимально Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π°Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ максимума ΠΊ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡƒΠΌΡƒ. Π‘Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Ρ‹ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΈ слСдствия ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ…: ΠΎ сущСствовании Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ…Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ†Ρ‹ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ автокоррСляционных Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… биполярных ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΎ значСниях ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ лСпСстков АКЀ. На этой основС Π΄Π°Π½ΠΎ строгоС матСматичСскоС ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… биполярных ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΉ. Π Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½Ρ‹ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ поиска ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ мноТСства ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… биполярных ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π° основС Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π±ΠΎΡ€Π° ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ построСния ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… биполярных ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ с использованиСм ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡŒΡŽΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ модСлирования ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π°Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ максимума ΠΊ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡƒΠΌΡƒ автокоррСляционной ΠΈ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ коррСляционных Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ исслСдуСмых биполярных ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΉ для слСпого ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ°. Показано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ биполярныС ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠΈΠΌΠΈ коррСляционными свойствами Π² сравнСнии с Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹ΠΌΠΈ биполярными ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ большСй ΡƒΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΉΡ‡ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ

    Are Social Networks Watermarking Us or Are We (Unawarely) Watermarking Ourself?

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    In the last decade, Social Networks (SNs) have deeply changed many aspects of society, and one of the most widespread behaviours is the sharing of pictures. However, malicious users often exploit shared pictures to create fake profiles leading to the growth of cybercrime. Thus, keeping in mind this scenario, authorship attribution and verification through image watermarking techniques are becoming more and more important. In this paper, firstly, we investigate how 13 most popular SNs treat the uploaded pictures, in order to identify a possible implementation of image watermarking techniques by respective SNs. Secondly, on these 13 SNs, we test the robustness of several image watermarking algorithms. Finally, we verify whether a method based on the Photo-Response Non-Uniformity (PRNU) technique can be successfully used as a watermarking approach for authorship attribution and verification of pictures on SNs. The proposed method is robust enough in spite of the fact that the pictures get downgraded during the uploading process by SNs. The results of our analysis on a real dataset of 8,400 pictures show that the proposed method is more effective than other watermarking techniques and can help to address serious questions about privacy and security on SNs.Comment: 43 pages, 6 figure

    Are Social Networks Watermarking Us or Are We (Unawarely) Watermarking Ourself?

    Get PDF
    In the last decade, Social Networks (SNs) have deeply changed many aspects of society, and one of the most widespread behaviours is the sharing of pictures. However, malicious users often exploit shared pictures to create fake profiles, leading to the growth of cybercrime. Thus, keeping in mind this scenario, authorship attribution and verification through image watermarking techniques are becoming more and more important. In this paper, we firstly investigate how thirteen of the most popular SNs treat uploaded pictures in order to identify a possible implementation of image watermarking techniques by respective SNs. Second, we test the robustness of several image watermarking algorithms on these thirteen SNs. Finally, we verify whether a method based on the Photo-Response Non-Uniformity (PRNU) technique, which is usually used in digital forensic or image forgery detection activities, can be successfully used as a watermarking approach for authorship attribution and verification of pictures on SNs. The proposed method is sufficiently robust, in spite of the fact that pictures are often downgraded during the process of uploading to the SNs. Moreover, in comparison to conventional watermarking methods the proposed method can successfully pass through different SNs, solving related problems such as profile linking and fake profile detection. The results of our analysis on a real dataset of 8400 pictures show that the proposed method is more effective than other watermarking techniques and can help to address serious questions about privacy and security on SNs. Moreover, the proposed method paves the way for the definition of multi-factor online authentication mechanisms based on robust digital features

    Combination of fast hybrid classification and k value optimization in k-nn for video face recognition

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    Nowadays, the need for face recognition is no longer include images only but also videos. However, there are some challenges associated with the addition of this new technique such as how to determine the right pre-processing, feature extraction, and classification methods to obtain excellent performance. Although nowadays the k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) is widely used, high computational costs due to numerous features of the dataset and large amount of training data makes adequate processing difficult. Several studies have been conducted to improve the performance of k-NN using the FHC (Fast Hybrid Classification) method by optimizing the local k values. One of the disadvantages of the FHC Method is that the k value used is still in the default form. Therefore, this research proposes the use of k-NN value optimization methods in FHC, thereby, increasing its accuracy. The Fast Hybrid Classification which combines the k-means clustering with k-NN, groups the training data into several prototypes called TLDS (Two Level Data Structure). Furthermore, two classification levels are applied to label test data, with the first used to determine the n number of prototypes with the same class in the test data. The second classification using the optimized k value in the k-NN method, is employed to sharpen the accuracy, when the same number of prototypes does not reach n. The evaluation results show that this method provides 86% accuracy and time performance of 3.3 seconds

    Spies, Trolls, and Bots: Combating Foreign Election Interference in the Marketplace of Ideas

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    Foreign disinformation operations on social media pose a significant and rapidly evolving risk, particularly when aimed at American elections. We must urgently and effectively address this form of election interference. This Article examines potential responses to those risks, through a review of the unique characteristics, both practical and legal, of political advertising on social media platforms. This Article analyzes proposed legislative responses to foreign disinformation, noting that no single proposed law to date adequately addresses the threats and challenges posed by foreign disinformation. This Article considers the election law landscape in which the proposed laws would operate. It evaluates the proposed legislative responses for judicial review resilience, with a focus on the First Amendment challenges to regulating political advertisement microtargetingβ€”the use of data mining and algorithms to microtarget particular audiences. Some scholars have argued that a fundamental change in how we understand and therefore regulate social media in society is necessary to prevent the abuse of the First Amendment. This Article, however, approaches the problem from the position that the U.S. Supreme Court is highly unlikely to abandon its extremely robust interpretation of the First Amendment to impose broad restrictions on online platforms. The Article argues that an appropriate response to the threat of disinformation must be consistent with robust protections for political speech and with the First Amendment theory of a β€œmarketplace of ideas.” This Article then reviews the role that various actorsβ€”from state and federal agencies to social media platforms, and academics and researchersβ€”can play in crafting a β€œwhole of society” response to disinformation operations

    Patchwork-based multilayer audio watermarking

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