10,969 research outputs found
Modeling the wind circulation around mills with a Lagrangian stochastic approach
This work aims at introducing model methodology and numerical studies related
to a Lagrangian stochastic approach applied to the computation of the wind
circulation around mills. We adapt the Lagrangian stochastic downscaling method
that we have introduced in [3] and [4] to the atmospheric boundary layer and we
introduce here a Lagrangian version of the actuator disc methods to take
account of the mills. We present our numerical method and numerical experiments
in the case of non rotating and rotating actuator disc models. We also present
some features of our numerical method, in particular the computation of the
probability distribution of the wind in the wake zone, as a byproduct of the
fluid particle model and the associated PDF method
Debates—Stochastic subsurface hydrology from theory to practice: why stochastic modeling has not yet permeated into practitioners?
This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: [Sanchez-Vila, X., and D. Fernà ndez-Garcia (2016), Debates—Stochastic subsurface hydrology from theory to practice: Why stochastic modeling has not yet permeated into practitioners?, Water Resour. Res., 52, 9246–9258, doi:10.1002/2016WR019302], which has been published in final form at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016WR019302/abstract. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-ArchivingWe address modern topics of stochastic hydrogeology from their potential relevance to real modeling efforts at the field scale. While the topics of stochastic hydrogeology and numerical modeling have become routine in hydrogeological studies, nondeterministic models have not yet permeated into practitioners. We point out a number of limitations of stochastic modeling when applied to real applications and comment on the reasons why stochastic models fail to become an attractive alternative for practitioners. We specifically separate issues corresponding to flow, conservative transport, and reactive transport. The different topics addressed are emphasis on process modeling, need for upscaling parameters and governing equations, relevance of properly accounting for detailed geological architecture in hydrogeological modeling, and specific challenges of reactive transport. We end up by concluding that the main responsible for nondeterministic models having not yet permeated in industry can be fully attributed to researchers in stochastic hydrogeology.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft
Particle Density Estimation with Grid-Projected Adaptive Kernels
The reconstruction of smooth density fields from scattered data points is a
procedure that has multiple applications in a variety of disciplines, including
Lagrangian (particle-based) models of solute transport in fluids. In random
walk particle tracking (RWPT) simulations, particle density is directly linked
to solute concentrations, which is normally the main variable of interest, not
just for visualization and post-processing of the results, but also for the
computation of non-linear processes, such as chemical reactions. Previous works
have shown the superiority of kernel density estimation (KDE) over other
methods such as binning, in terms of its ability to accurately estimate the
"true" particle density relying on a limited amount of information. Here, we
develop a grid-projected KDE methodology to determine particle densities by
applying kernel smoothing on a pilot binning; this may be seen as a "hybrid"
approach between binning and KDE. The kernel bandwidth is optimized locally.
Through simple implementation examples, we elucidate several appealing aspects
of the proposed approach, including its computational efficiency and the
possibility to account for typical boundary conditions, which would otherwise
be cumbersome in conventional KDE
Some relations between Lagrangian models and synthetic random velocity fields
We propose an alternative interpretation of Markovian transport models based
on the well-mixedness condition, in terms of the properties of a random
velocity field with second order structure functions scaling linearly in the
space time increments. This interpretation allows direct association of the
drift and noise terms entering the model, with the geometry of the turbulent
fluctuations. In particular, the well known non-uniqueness problem in the
well-mixedness approach is solved in terms of the antisymmetric part of the
velocity correlations; its relation with the presence of non-zero mean helicity
and other geometrical properties of the flow is elucidated. The well-mixedness
condition appears to be a special case of the relation between conditional
velocity increments of the random field and the one-point Eulerian velocity
distribution, allowing generalization of the approach to the transport of
non-tracer quantities. Application to solid particle transport leads to a model
satisfying, in the homogeneous isotropic turbulence case, all the conditions on
the behaviour of the correlation times for the fluid velocity sampled by the
particles. In particular, correlation times in the gravity and in the inertia
dominated case, respectively, longer and shorter than in the passive tracer
case; in the gravity dominated case, correlation times longer for velocity
components along gravity, than for the perpendicular ones. The model produces,
in channel flow geometry, particle deposition rates in agreement with
experiments.Comment: 54 pages, 8 eps figures included; contains additional material on
SO(3) and on turbulent channel flows. Few typos correcte
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