23,723 research outputs found
Recommended from our members
Chapter 2Â -Â Data-Driven Energy Efficient Driving Control in Connected Vehicle Environment
Least costly energy management for series hybrid electric vehicles
Energy management of plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) has different
challenges from non-plug-in HEVs, due to bigger batteries and grid recharging.
Instead of tackling it to pursue energetic efficiency, an approach minimizing
the driving cost incurred by the user - the combined costs of fuel, grid energy
and battery degradation - is here proposed. A real-time approximation of the
resulting optimal policy is then provided, as well as some analytic insight
into its dependence on the system parameters. The advantages of the proposed
formulation and the effectiveness of the real-time strategy are shown by means
of a thorough simulation campaign
The novel application of optimization and charge blended energy management control for component downsizing within a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle
The adoption of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) is widely seen as an interim solution for the decarbonization of the transport sector. Within a PHEV, determining the required energy storage capacity of the battery remains one of the primary concerns for vehicle manufacturers and system integrators. This fact is particularly pertinent since the battery constitutes the largest contributor to vehicle mass. Furthermore, the financial cost associated with the procurement, design and integration of battery systems is often cited as one of the main barriers to vehicle commercialization. The ability to integrate the optimization of the energy management control system with the sizing of key PHEV powertrain components presents a significant area of research. Contained within this paper is an optimization study in which a charge blended strategy is used to facilitate the downsizing of the electrical machine, the internal combustion engine and the high voltage battery. An improved Equivalent Consumption Method has been used to manage the optimal power split within the powertrain as the PHEV traverses a range of different drivecycles. For a target CO2 value and drivecycle, results show that this approach can yield significant downsizing opportunities, with cost reductions on the order of 2%–9% being realizable
Urban and extra-urban hybrid vehicles: a technological review
Pollution derived from transportation systems is a worldwide, timelier issue than ever. The abatement actions of harmful substances in the air are on the agenda and they are necessary today to safeguard our welfare and that of the planet. Environmental pollution in large cities is approximately 20% due to the transportation system. In addition, private traffic contributes greatly to city pollution. Further, “vehicle operating life” is most often exceeded and vehicle emissions do not comply with European antipollution standards. It becomes mandatory to find a solution that respects the environment and, realize an appropriate transportation service to the customers. New technologies related to hybrid –electric engines are making great strides in reducing emissions, and the funds allocated by public authorities should be addressed. In addition, the use
(implementation) of new technologies is also convenient from an economic point of view. In fact, by implementing the use of hybrid vehicles, fuel consumption can be reduced. The different hybrid configurations presented refer to such a series architecture, developed by the researchers and Research and Development groups. Regarding energy flows, different strategy logic or vehicle management units have been illustrated. Various configurations and vehicles were studied by simulating different driving cycles, both European approval and homologation and customer ones (typically municipal and university). The simulations have provided guidance on the optimal proposed configuration and information on the component to be used
Time-optimal Control Strategies for Electric Race Cars with Different Transmission Technologies
This paper presents models and optimization methods to rapidly compute the
achievable lap time of a race car equipped with a battery electric powertrain.
Specifically, we first derive a quasi-convex model of the electric powertrain,
including the battery, the electric machine, and two transmission technologies:
a single-speed fixed gear and a continuously variable transmission (CVT).
Second, assuming an expert driver, we formulate the time-optimal control
problem for a given driving path and solve it using an iterative convex
optimization algorithm. Finally, we showcase our framework by comparing the
performance achievable with a single-speed transmission and a CVT on the Le
Mans track. Our results show that a CVT can balance its lower efficiency and
higher weight with a higher-efficiency and more aggressive motor operation, and
significantly outperform a fixed single-gear transmission.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, submitted to the 2020 IEEE Vehicle Power and
Propulsion Conferenc
Minimum Race-Time Planning-Strategy for an Autonomous Electric Racecar
Increasing attention to autonomous passenger vehicles has also attracted
interest in an autonomous racing series. Because of this, platforms such as
Roborace and the Indy Autonomous Challenge are currently evolving. Electric
racecars face the challenge of a limited amount of stored energy within their
batteries. Furthermore, the thermodynamical influence of an all-electric
powertrain on the race performance is crucial. Severe damage can occur to the
powertrain components when thermally overstressed. In this work we present a
race-time minimal control strategy deduced from an Optimal Control Problem
(OCP) that is transcribed into a Nonlinear Problem (NLP). Its optimization
variables stem from the driving dynamics as well as from a thermodynamical
description of the electric powertrain. We deduce the necessary first-order
Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE)s and form simplified loss models for the
implementation within the numerical optimization. The significant influence of
the powertrain behavior on the race strategy is shown.Comment: Accepted at The 23rd IEEE International Conference on Intelligent
Transportation Systems, September 20 - 23, 202
Hybrid vehicle assessment. Phase 1: Petroleum savings analysis
The results of a comprehensive analysis of near term electric hybrid vehicles are presented, with emphasis on their potential to save significant amounts of petroleum on a national scale in the 1990s. Performance requirements and expected annual usage patterns of these vehicles are first modeled. The projected U.S. fleet composition is estimated, and conceptual hybrid vehicle designs are conceived and analyzed for petroleum use when driven in the expected annual patterns. These petroleum consumption estimates are then compared to similar estimates for projected 1990 conventional vehicles having the same performance and driven in the same patterns. Results are presented in the form of three utility functions and comparisons of sevral conceptual designs are made. The Hybrid Vehicle (HV) design and assessment techniques are discussed and a general method is explained for selecting the optimum energy management strategy for any vehicle mission battery combination. Conclusions and recommendations are presented, and development recommendations are identified
Recommended from our members
Reinforcement Learning for Hybrid and Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Energy Management: Recent Advances and Prospects
- …