PID control system analysis and design

With its three-term functionality offering treatment of both transient and steady-state responses, proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control provides a generic and efficient solution to realworld control problems. The wide application of PID control has stimulated and sustained research and development to "get the best out of PID", and "the search is on to find the next key technology or methodology for PID tuning". This article presents remedies for problems involving the integral and derivative terms. PID design objectives, methods, and future directions are discussed. Subsequently, a computerized, simulation-based approach is presented, together with illustrative design results for first-order, higher order, and nonlinear plants. Finally, we discuss differences between academic research and industrial practice, so as to motivate new research directions in PID control

DESIGN AND REALIZATION OF A HAPTIC CRANE FORCE CONTROL FOR APPLICATION OF MATERIAL HANDLING BY USING ACTIVE FORCE CONTROL (AFC)

The final project highlights a method for controlling a haptic crane and hoist model based on an Active Force Control (AFC) strategy. It is a disturbance rejection control technique in which AFC is employed to control accurately and robustly the trolley part of the crane along a desired path, compensating at the same time the payload sway at the end of the traversed motion. AFC is designed and implemented using a two degree-of-freedom controller-the outer classic Proportional-Integral- Derivative (PID) control loop provides the commanded signal while the internal AFC loop accommodates the known and unknown disturbances present in the crane and hoist system. Results from the simulation clearly show that the crane can perform its predefined task faster with a minimum payload sway angle compared to the PID control method. Result from experiment on the plant is difficult to differentiate which control method is better since both of them show the same swing angle and time to reach the reference position. This is due to the pulse generated by the microcontroller is the same between two controllers, but AFC control shows better result in accuracy of reaching the reference position with smaller error than PID control. Keywords: active force control (AFC), disturbance rejection, PID control, haptic crane and hois

PID Control of Biochemical Reaction Networks

Principles of feedback control have been shown to naturally arise in biological systems and successfully applied to build synthetic circuits. In this work we consider Biochemical Reaction Networks (CRNs) as a paradigm for modelling biochemical systems and provide the first implementation of a derivative component in CRNs. That is, given an input signal represented by the concentration level of some species, we build a CRN that produces as output the concentration of two species whose difference is the derivative of the input signal. By relying on this component, we present a CRN implementation of a feedback control loop with Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller and apply the resulting control architecture to regulate the protein expression in a microRNA regulated gene expression model.Comment: 8 Pages, 4 figures, Submitted to CDC 201

IMPLEMENTATION PID IN THE SYSTEM CONTROL SPACE HEATER BASED MICROCONTROLLER ATMega 8535

Final project aims to make hardware and software space heaters as a PID control system automatically controls heating control room and to know the performance of PID control applications using microcontroller ATmega 8535. In designing the PID implementation In Space Heater Control System Based Microcontroller ATMega 8535. The author uses several hardware components that support the operation of this instrument, namely a temperature sensor LM35, optotriac MOC 3021, TRIAC BT136, microcontroller ATMega 8535, as well as a heated indoor measuring 30cm x 30cm x 30cm. For authors use software components to help codevision AVR C programming language, while the facility in microcontroller ATMega 8535 used is the external interrupt 0, timer 0, timer 1, and ADC. With the above design of this tool may be run according to expectations. Performance of PID control system to control this whole space heaters can work well. Results of testing and discussion of PID parameters, shows the value of the temperature within the ideal temperature range hatch eggs. So this tool with the PID parameters such as testing, it can be used or applied as an egg incubator. Keywords: PID Control, Space Heaters, Microcontroller ATmega 853

PID control system analysis, design, and technology

Designing and tuning a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller appears to be conceptually intuitive, but can be hard in practice, if multiple (and often conflicting) objectives such as short transient and high stability are to be achieved. Usually, initial designs obtained by all means need to be adjusted repeatedly through computer simulations until the closed-loop system performs or compromises as desired. This stimulates the development of "intelligent" tools that can assist engineers to achieve the best overall PID control for the entire operating envelope. This development has further led to the incorporation of some advanced tuning algorithms into PID hardware modules. Corresponding to these developments, this paper presents a modern overview of functionalities and tuning methods in patents, software packages and commercial hardware modules. It is seen that many PID variants have been developed in order to improve transient performance, but standardising and modularising PID control are desired, although challenging. The inclusion of system identification and "intelligent" techniques in software based PID systems helps automate the entire design and tuning process to a useful degree. This should also assist future development of "plug-and-play" PID controllers that are widely applicable and can be set up easily and operate optimally for enhanced productivity, improved quality and reduced maintenance requirements

Multivariable predictive PID control for quadruple tank

In this paper multivariable predictive PID controller has been implemented on a multi-inputs multi-outputs control problem i.e., quadruple tank system, in comparison with a simple multiloop PI controller. One of the salient feature of this system is an adjustable transmission zero which can be adjust to operate in both minimum and non-minimum phase configuration, through the flow distribution to upper and lower tanks in quadruple tank system. Stability and performance analysis has also been carried out for this highly interactive two input two output system, both in minimum and non-minimum phases. Simulations of control system revealed that better performance are obtained in predictive PID design

Modelling and PID Control of a Rotary Dryer

This paper describes the modelling and the PID control of a drying process. The plant uses a co-current rotary dryer to evaporate moisture of a waste product generated by olive-oil mills, called alpeorujo or two phase cake. The paper shows the development of a model based upon first principles combined with experimental results. A control strategy has been tested under simulation based on PID controllers for the main loops in this process

A JAG in La La Land

As the development of highways, it is quite normal for buses running in a speed around 100km/h. When buses are running in a high speed, they may suffer from the influence of side wind disturbances at anytime. Sometimes, it may result in traffic accidents. Therefore, the study of bus stability under side wind disturbances becomes more and more important. Due to restrictions of real tests, computer simulation can be used to study this subject. The bus side wind response character is reflected through the driver’s manoeuvre , so open-loop analysis is hard to give a comprehensive evaluation of the side wind stability of the bus. Therefore, closed-loop analysis is studied in this thesis. An ADAMS bus model and a side wind force model are developed in this thesis, along with two driver models, the PID control model and the preview curvature model. The driver models are built in Simulink and co-simulation between ADAMS/View and Simulink is conducted. The results of co-simulation show that the two driver models can both control the bus from deviating from the desired course under side wind disturbances. The PID control model is simple and shows a very good control effect. The maximum lateral displacement of the bus by PID control model is just 0.0205m under maximum side wind load 1000N and 2500Nm when preview time is 1.2s, while it is 0.0702m by preview curvature model, however, it is difficult to determine the coefficients Kd, Kp, and Ki in the PID controller. The preview curvature model also shows a good control effect in terms of the maximum lateral displacement and yaw angle of the bus. Comparing these two models, the PID control model is more sensitive to deviations, with quicker response and larger steering input. The bus model system is stable under side wind disturbances. Through driver ’s proper steering manoeuvre, the bus is well controlled. The closed-loop analysis is a good method to study the bus stability under side wind disturbances

PID Control Theory

International audienc