Publication Review: Sovereign Debt and Human Rights Ilias Bantekas and Cephas Lumina (eds)

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available in print from Sweet and Maxwell or online via Westlaw.The impact of the global sovereign debt crisis has featured prominently in recent academic scholarship. Sovereign Debt and Human Rights, a new collection published by Oxford University Press and edited by Ilias Bantekas and Cephas Lumina, provides an insightful and worthy addition to this literature.[...

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Gender and (Dis)advantage

This material was originally published in Social Advantage and Disadvantage by Oxford Scholarship Online and has been reproduced by permission of Oxford University Press.This chapter considers gender as an inherent and intersecting dimension of advantage and disadvantage. It examines the processes by which gender relations are implicated in the construction of (dis)advantage by adopting a multidimensional approach where gender intersects with other social dimensions. The first section addresses the reciprocal inequalities which arise from the gendered division of work and gender gaps in a series of social spheres worldwide. The following section goes beyond the gendered division of labour to consider issues of culture and agency. The concluding section considers new manifestations of gender disadvantage deeply entrenched within processes of global social inequality

Free Will Pessimism

The immediate aim of this paper is to articulate the essential features of an alternative compatibilist position, one that is responsive to sources of resistance to the compatibilist program based on considerations of fate and luck. The approach taken relies on distinguishing carefully between issues of skepticism and pessimism as they arise in this context. A compatibilism that is properly responsive to concerns about fate and luck is committed to what I describe as free will pessimism, which is to be distinguished from free will skepticism. Free will skepticism is the view that our vulnerability to conditions of fate and luck serve to discredit our view of ourselves as free and responsible agents. Free will pessimism rejects free will scepticism, since the basis of its pessimism rests with the assumption that we are free and responsible agents who are, nevertheless, subject to fate and luck in this aspect of our lives. According to free will pessimism, all the major parties and positions in the free will debate, including that of skepticism, are modes of evasion and distortion regarding our human predicament in respect of agency and moral life

Introduction. Reconsidering Some Dogmas About Desire

Desire has not been at the center of recent preoccupations in the philosophy of mind. Consequently, the literature settled into several dogmas. The first part of this introduction presents these dogmas and invites readers to scrutinize them. The main dogma is that desires are motivational states. This approach contrasts with the other dominant conception: desires are positive evaluations. But there are at least four other dogmas: the world should conform to our desires (world-to-mind direction of fit), desires involve a positive evaluation (the “guise of the good”), we cannot desire what we think is actual (the “death of desire” principle), and, in neuroscience, the idea that the reward system is the key to understanding desire. The second part of the introduction summarizes the contributions to this volume. The hope is to contribute to the emergence of a fruitful debate on this neglected, albeit crucial, aspect of the mind

Schubert\u27s Unfinished Symphony

Scholars have often wondered why Schubert’s Unfinished Symphony has remained unfinished. To give a basis on the symphony in general, I begin with a brief analysis on the form of the piece. The form of the first movement reveals several features, which recent scholarship (Elements of Sonata Theory by James Hepokoski and Warren Darcy) has referred to as non-normative or “deformations”. These unusual features include the first movement’s untraditional modulation patterns, and the second movement’s lack of a development section. Drawing on the existing literature (Gerald Abraham in The Music of Schubert and the analysis of Schauffler in his same book; Maynard Soloman’s article Schubert’s “Unfinished” Symphony in the journal 19th-Century Music) as well as on the composer’s biography (Oxford Music Online, the writings of Robert Haven Schauffler’s Franz Schubert, the Ariel of Music, and through Schubert’s letters edited by Otto Erich Deutsch) I contextualize Schubert’s use of sonata form using sonata form analysis and hermeneutic interpretation to draw insights on the “deformations” and the symphony’s unfinished nature

Moral Vulnerability and the Task of Reparations

This essay seeks to understand the domain and demands of reparative justice in terms of moral vulnerability. Significant harms raise the question of whether victims stand in truly reciprocal practices of accountability; if they do, they enjoy the power of calling others to account as well as bearing the liability of being accountable to others. In the aftermath of harms, victims’ moral vulnerability is tested: they may be exposed to the insult and injury of discovering that they do not enjoy the moral standing of holding others accountable. While the occasion of reparative justice is significant wrongs and wrongful harms and losses, this essay argues that the aim of reparative practices is not only or even primarily to redress those harms and losses, but to address the moral vulnerability of victims by affirming their status in accountability relations

Leopardi “Everything Is Evil”

Giacomo Leopardi, a major Italian poet of the nineteenth century, was also an expert in evil to whom Schopenhauer referred as a “spiritual brother.” Leopardi wrote: “Everything is evil. That is to say, everything that is, is evil; that each thing exists is an evil; each thing exists only for an evil end; existence is an evil.” These and other thoughts are collected in the Zibaldone, a massive collage of heterogeneous writings published posthumously. Leopardi’s pessimism assumes a polished form in his literary writings, such as Dialogue between Nature and an Islander (1824)—an invective against nature and the suffering of creatures within it. In his last lyric, Broom, or the flower of the desert (1836), Leopardi points to the redeeming power of poetry and to human solidarity as placing at least temporary limits on the scope of evil