461 research outputs found
Unions of Onions: Preprocessing Imprecise Points for Fast Onion Decomposition
Let be a set of pairwise disjoint unit disks in the plane.
We describe how to build a data structure for so that for any
point set containing exactly one point from each disk, we can quickly find
the onion decomposition (convex layers) of .
Our data structure can be built in time and has linear size.
Given , we can find its onion decomposition in time, where
is the number of layers. We also provide a matching lower bound. Our solution
is based on a recursive space decomposition, combined with a fast algorithm to
compute the union of two disjoint onionComment: 10 pages, 5 figures; a preliminary version appeared at WADS 201
A survey of outlier detection methodologies
Outlier detection has been used for centuries to detect and, where appropriate, remove anomalous observations from data. Outliers arise due to mechanical faults, changes in system behaviour, fraudulent behaviour, human error, instrument error or simply through natural deviations in populations. Their detection can identify system faults and fraud before they escalate with potentially catastrophic consequences. It can identify errors and remove their contaminating effect on the data set and as such to purify the data for processing. The original outlier detection methods were arbitrary but now, principled and systematic techniques are used, drawn from the full gamut of Computer Science and Statistics. In this paper, we introduce a survey of contemporary techniques for outlier detection. We identify their respective motivations and distinguish their advantages and disadvantages in a comparative review
A taxonomy framework for unsupervised outlier detection techniques for multi-type data sets
The term "outlier" can generally be defined as an observation that is significantly different from
the other values in a data set. The outliers may be instances of error or indicate events. The
task of outlier detection aims at identifying such outliers in order to improve the analysis of
data and further discover interesting and useful knowledge about unusual events within numerous
applications domains. In this paper, we report on contemporary unsupervised outlier detection
techniques for multiple types of data sets and provide a comprehensive taxonomy framework and
two decision trees to select the most suitable technique based on data set. Furthermore, we
highlight the advantages, disadvantages and performance issues of each class of outlier detection
techniques under this taxonomy framework
Jacobi Fiber Surfaces for Bivariate Reeb Space Computation
This paper presents an efficient algorithm for the computation of the Reeb space of an input bivariate piecewise linear scalar function f defined on a tetrahedral mesh. By extending and generalizing algorithmic concepts from the univariate case to the bivariate one, we report the first practical, output-sensitive algorithm for the exact computation of such a Reeb space. The algorithm starts by identifying the Jacobi set of f , the bivariate analogs of critical points in the univariate case. Next, the Reeb space is computed by segmenting the input mesh along the new notion of Jacobi Fiber Surfaces, the bivariate analog of critical contours in the univariate case. We additionally present a simplification heuristic that enables the progressive coarsening of the Reeb space. Our algorithm is simple to implement and most of its computations can be trivially parallelized. We report performance numbers demonstrating orders of magnitude speedups over previous approaches, enabling for the first time the tractable computation of bivariate Reeb spaces in practice. Moreover, unlike range-based quantization approaches (such as the Joint Contour Net), our algorithm is parameter-free. We demonstrate the utility of our approach by using the Reeb space as a semi-automatic segmentation tool for bivariate data. In particular, we introduce continuous scatterplot peeling, a technique which enables the reduction of the cluttering in the continuous scatterplot, by interactively selecting the features of the Reeb space to project. We provide a VTK-based C++ implementation of our algorithm that can be used for reproduction purposes or for the development of new Reeb space based visualization techniques
Non-Crossing Hamiltonian Paths and Cycles in Output-Polynomial Time
We show that, for planar point sets, the number of non-crossing Hamiltonian paths is polynomially bounded in the number of non-crossing paths, and the number of non-crossing Hamiltonian cycles (polygonalizations) is polynomially bounded in the number of surrounding cycles. As a consequence, we can list the non-crossing Hamiltonian paths or the polygonalizations, in time polynomial in the output size, by filtering the output of simple backtracking algorithms for non-crossing paths or surrounding cycles respectively. To prove these results we relate the numbers of non-crossing structures to two easily-computed parameters of the point set: the minimum number of points whose removal results in a collinear set, and the number of points interior to the convex hull. These relations also lead to polynomial-time approximation algorithms for the numbers of structures of all four types, accurate to within a constant factor of the logarithm of these numbers
The regularized monotonicity method: detecting irregular indefinite inclusions
In inclusion detection in electrical impedance tomography, the support of
perturbations (inclusion) from a known background conductivity is typically
reconstructed from idealized continuum data modelled by a Neumann-to-Dirichlet
map. Only few reconstruction methods apply when detecting indefinite
inclusions, where the conductivity distribution has both more and less
conductive parts relative to the background conductivity; one such method is
the monotonicity method of Harrach, Seo, and Ullrich. We formulate the method
for irregular indefinite inclusions, meaning that we make no regularity
assumptions on the conductivity perturbations nor on the inclusion boundaries.
We show, provided that the perturbations are bounded away from zero, that the
outer support of the positive and negative parts of the inclusions can be
reconstructed independently. Moreover, we formulate a regularization scheme
that applies to a class of approximative measurement models, including the
Complete Electrode Model, hence making the method robust against modelling
error and noise. In particular, we demonstrate that for a convergent family of
approximative models there exists a sequence of regularization parameters such
that the outer shape of the inclusions is asymptotically exactly characterized.
Finally, a peeling-type reconstruction algorithm is presented and, for the
first time in literature, numerical examples of monotonicity reconstructions
for indefinite inclusions are presented.Comment: 28 pages, 7 figure
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