Organising music for movies

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine and discuss the classification of commercial popular music when large digital collections are organised for use in films. Design/methodology/approach - A range of systems are investigated and their organization is discussed, focusing on an analysis of the metadata used by the systems and choices given to the end-user to construct a query. The indexing of the music is compared to a checklist of music facets which has been derived from recent musicological literature on semiotic analysis of popular music. These facets include aspects of communication, cultural and musical expression, codes and competences. Findings -In addition to bibliographic detail, descriptive metadata is used to organise music in these systems. Genre, subject and mood are used widely; some musical facets also appear. The extent to which attempts are being made to reflect these facets in the organization of these systems is discussed. A number of recommendations are made which may help to improve this process. Originality/value - This paper discusses an area of creative music search which has not previously been investigated in any depth and makes recommendations based on findings and the literature which may be used in the development of commercial systems as well as making a contribution to the literature

The moderating role of higher education on entrepreneurship

Cataloged from PDF version of article.Purpose: Entrepreneurial activities have a great impact on the economy and entrepreneurs are even more important for developing countries. Accordingly, the need for entrepreneurial graduates is increasing. Thus, this study aims to investigate the role of higher education with regard to the entrepreneurial intentions and traits of university students in Turkey. Design/methodology/approach: A survey was administered to freshmen and senior university students studying business and engineering at five established universities in Turkey, yielding a total sample of 767. Findings: This logistic regression analysis indicates that some personality traits play an important role in influencing the students' intention to become entrepreneurs. The study findings also suggest that students with higher education have a higher intention of becoming entrepreneurs. Research limitations/implications: The cross-sectional method of data collection was used. However, longitudinal data from a bigger sample would have provided more valid support for the study. Practical implications: The findings of this study have important implications for those who formulate, deliver and evaluate educational policy in Turkey. Based on the findings, policy makers may wish to review the current higher educational system and make changes to foster students' entrepreneurial mindset. Originality/value: The study fills the gap in the literature by particularly testing the moderating effect of education between entrepreneurial traits and intentions. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited

Three views of the ‘musical work’. A study of conceptualisations in philosophical, bibliographical and editorial contexts within the domain of Music.

The author examines a choice of the conceptualisations of the ‘musical work’ within the domain of music in the context of bibliographical control and information retrieval. The study uses the principles of domain analysis proposed by Hjorland (Hjorland 2002) as a framework. The scope is wide and does not claim to be comprehensive. The philosophical and performance related conceptualisations of the musical work are examined with the method of discourse analysis of major writings on the topic. Each analysis is followed by an assessment of its relevance in the context of information organisation and user’s tasks. The phenomenological approach to the mode of being of musical work is examined with its particular applicability to modelling of the bibliographical entities in the domain of music. This is followed by further exploration of the bibliographical control of music and recent developments in FRBR/FRAD framework. The activity of editing music is presented in the context of its relevance to the practice of cataloguing music resources. In the conclusion the author points to the similarities of the activities of editors and information professionals in the context of critically informed choices they need to make when preparing either the text for the purpose of study or performance, or the catalogue record for the purpose of information retrieval. The shift in information organisation towards linked resources and the entities formulated as points of reference (including the main subject of this study – the ‘work’) beyond the library systems into the related resources on the world wide web is highlighted and the possibilities for further research in the context of the ‘work’ are suggested

Modelling music: a theoretical approach to the classification of notated Western art music

The classification of notated Western art music is a perennial issue. This thesis analyses and models the knowledge organization of notated Western art music in order to elucidate a theoretical understanding of these classification issues and to offer new ways of viewing music classification in the future. It also offers a domain-based study of music classification, by comparing LIS and music domain classifications of music phenomena throughout the thesis, which culminates in a new model for delineating types of relationships between domain and LIS classifications. Furthermore, in the process of analysing music classification, the thesis originates a number of novel classification analysis methodologies and innovative classification structures which contribute to the general development of knowledge organization. These include the multiplane approach, reception-infused analysis, webs of Wirkungs (connections) between classification schemes, stress-testing, simultaneous systems of classification and dynamic relationships between facets. After unpicking the major facets of music, subsequent chapters explore the binary vocal/instrumental categorisation, complex mediums including accompaniment and arrangements, the classification of musical instruments, the classification of musical forms and genres, and the quasi-facet of function. The thesis culminates in five models which illuminate why music is so difficult to classify, as well as presenting novel solutions showing how music classification could be structured in the future

Modelling music: a theoretical approach to the classification of notated Western art music

The classification of notated Western art music is a perennial issue. This thesis analyses and models the knowledge organization of notated Western art music in order to elucidate a theoretical understanding of these classification issues and to offer new ways of viewing music classification in the future. This thesis also considers how music classification contributes to developments in general knowledge organization and compares the classification of Western art music across the library and information science (LIS) and music domains. The research is conducted using a number of analytical techniques, including examining music knowledge organization discourse, analysing examples of LIS classification schemes, unpicking discussions of classification in the music domain and analysing composer worklists in the music domain. After ascertaining how music classification fits into theories of faceted classification, three important facets of music are identified: medium, form and genre, and a quasi-facet of function. These three facets are explored in detail over five chapters: the binary vocal/instrumental categorisation; classifying numbers of instruments or voices, accompaniment, arrangements and “extreme” mediums; classifying musical instruments; classifying musical forms and genres; and the quasi-facet of function. Five resulting models of music classification are presented. Model 1 demonstrates the complexities of classifying musical medium, including the interlinked relationships between different parts of musical medium. Model 2 offers a solution to LIS classification’s largely binary view of vocal and instrumental categorisation by suggesting a novel new category: “vocinstrumental”. Model 3 illuminates the entrenched dependencies between facets of music, highlighting one of the structural issues with LIS classifications of music. Model 4 offers an original structure of music classification, proposing a simultaneous faceted and genre-based system. Model 5 compares classification in the music and LIS domains, offering a novel way of considering domain-based classification by codifying various types of relationships between the LIS and domain classifications. This thesis also contributes to the theory and practice of knowledge organization in general through the development of novel frameworks and methodologies to analyse classification schemes: the multiplane approach, reception-infused analysis, webs of Wirkungs (connections) between classification schemes and stress-testing