Browsing while reading: effects of instructional design and learners' prior knowledge

One of the key reasons that multimedia, and particularly hypertext systems, are gaining in importance is that they inspire hopes of optimizing learners' processes of knowledge construction. The present study is concerned with the respective influence of individual learner variables (i.e. particularly domain‐specific prior knowledge) on the use of different design attributes. Thirty‐six university students worked through a hierarchically structured two‐part hypertext about the psychology of memory under two experimental browsing conditions (reduced versus free browsing). Results show that deeper‐level comprehension (i.e. structural knowledge) was predicted by the interaction of experimental condition and prior knowledge, but that simply retaining facts was not. Participants with low prior knowledge performed better on the comprehension test if they had worked on the version with reduced access. Moreover, the version with reduced access helped to reduce feelings of disorientation. The measure of disorientation also appeared to be closely linked with the individual's computer experience, self‐concept of computer ability and subject‐related interest. The main implications for educational practice relate to the design of an adaptive multimedia and hypertext learning system and the successful learning with it

Towards an aspect weaving BPEL engine

This position paper proposes the use of dynamic aspects and the visitor design pattern to obtain a highly configurable and extensible BPEL engine. Using these two techniques, the core of this infrastructural software can be customised to meet new requirements and add features such as debugging, execution monitoring, or changing to another Web Service selection policy. Additionally, it can easily be extended to cope with customer-specific BPEL extensions. We propose the use of dynamic aspects not only on the engine itself but also on the workflow in order to tackle the problems of Web Service hot deployment and hot fixes to long running processes. In this way, composing aWeb Service "on-the-fly" means weaving its choreography interface into the workflow

Learning from multimedia and hypermedia

Computer-based multimedia and hypermedia resources (e.g., the world wide web) have become one of the primary sources of academic information for a majority of pupils and students. In line with this expansion in the field of education, the scientific study of learning from multimedia and hypermedia has become a very active field of research. In this chapter we provide a short overview with regard to research on learning with multimedia and hypermedia. In two review sections, we describe the educational benefits of multiple representations and of learner control, as these are the two defining characteristics of hypermedia. In a third review section we describe recent scientific trends in the field of multimedia/hypermedia learning. In all three review sections we will point to relevant European work on multimedia/hypermedia carried out within the last 5 years, and often carried out within the Kaleidoscope Network of Excellence. According to the interdisciplinary nature of the field this work might come not only from psychology, but also from technology or pedagogy. Comparing the different research activities on multimedia and hypermedia that have dominated the international scientific discourse in the last decade reveals some important differences. Most important, a gap seems to exist between researchers mainly interested in a “serious” educational use of multimedia/ hypermedia and researchers mainly interested in “serious” experimental research on learning with multimedia/hypermedia. Recent discussions about the pros and cons of “design-based research” or “use-inspired basic research” can be seen as a direct consequence of an increasing awareness of the tensions within these two different cultures of research on education

The Impact of Learner Control on E-Learning Effectiveness: Towards a Theoretical Model

E-learning systems are changing education and organizational training considerably. With the advancement of online-based learning systems, learner control of the instructional process has emerged as a decisive factor inherent to technology-based learning. However, the conceptual work on the role of learner control in e-learning has not advanced sufficiently to predict how learner control impacts e-learning effectiveness. To extend the research on the role of learner control in e-learning, we derive a conceptual framework as a reference model, which is based on cognitive and motivational learning theories. We then apply our framework to review 58 articles on learner control during the period 1996-2013. Our findings reveal how different individual characteristics, as well as the characteristics of the course and learning environment moderate the impact of learner control on learning effectiveness. Our analysis provides new insight into the role of learner control for e-learning effectiveness, as well as directions for further research

A Recommender System for Adaptive Examination Preparation using Pearson Correlation Collaborative Filtering

Distance learning is any type of far-off instruction where the understudy isn't actually present for the exercise. It is blasting gratitude to the force of the Internet. Distance learning plays a vital role for examination preparation where multiple choice questions can be utilized to evaluate the performance of students. Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) is a type of question used in the examination to evaluate the performance of students accordingly where usually four options are given along with the question, and one has to choose the correct answer. This research includes a simulation model that has been built to keep the learners continue to learn the subjects they might be weak in. We have developed a methodology that may guide a student to update his/her area of weakness by using a recommender system based on Pearson Correlation Collaborative Filtering approach. The paper describes a recommender system that will keep track of a learner's profile and create an adaptive training mechanism using the performance matrix

New media for the promotion of self-regulated learning in higher education

In this article, some of most relevant programs of self-regulation of academic learning in the sphere of higher education were reviewed. Although there are quite a few of them, we reviewed only the interventions whose contents had been implemented in e-learning modalities or had been supported by the new information and human communication technologies. For this task, we arranged the programs along a continuum that ranged from those that deal with the development of self-regulatory competences by indirect training of such competences to the programs whose impact on such competences is much more direct. Lastly, we provide information about a program that our research team is developing and implementing as a pilot study, and whose preliminary results seem highly satisfactory.Nuevos soportes para la promoción del aprendizaje autorregulado en educación superior. En este artículo se han revisado algunos de los programas más relevantes de autorregulación del aprendizaje académico en el ámbito de la educación superior. Aunque existe un gran número de ellos, se ha fijado la revisión en aquellas intervenciones en las que los contenidos se han implantado en modalidades elearning o ayudados por las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación humana. Para esta tarea, se ordenaron los programas en un continuo que va desde aquellos que trabajan en el desarrollo de competencias autorregulatorias mediante el entrenamiento indirecto de tales competencias, hasta otros cuyo trabajo sobre dichas competencias es mucho más directo. En último lugar se ha informado de un programa que nuestro equipo de investigación está desarrollando, e implementando de manera piloto, y cuyos resultados preliminares parecen ser altamente satisfactorios

Analysis of a mammography teaching program based on an affordance design model.

Rationale and Objectives. The wide use of computer technology in education, particularly in mammogram reading, asks for e-learning evaluation. The existing media comparative studies, learner attitude evaluations, and performance tests are problematic. Based on an affordance design model, this study examined an existing e-learning program on mammogram reading. Materials and Methods. The selection criteria include content relatedness, representativeness, e-learning orientation, image quality, program completeness, and accessibility. A case study was conducted to examine the affordance features, functions, and presentations of the selected software. Data collection and analysis methods include interviews, protocol- based document analysis, and usability tests and inspection. Also some statistics were calculated. Results. The examination of PBE identified that this educational software designed and programmed some tools. The learner can use these tools in the process of optimizing displays, scanning images, comparing different projections, marking the region of interests, constructing a descriptive report, assessing one’s learning outcomes, and comparing one’s decisions with the experts’ decisions. Further, PBE provides some resources for the learner to construct one’s knowledge and skills, including a categorized image library, a term-searching function, and some teaching links. Besides, users found it easy to navigate and carry out tasks. The users also reacted positively toward PBE’s navigation system, instructional aids, layout, pace and flow of information, graphics, and other presentation design. Conclusion. The software provides learners with some cognitive tools, supporting their perceptual problem-solving processes and extending their capabilities. Learners can internalize the mental models in mammogram reading through multiple perceptual triangulations, sensitization of related features, semantic description of mammogram findings, and expert- guided semantic report construction. The design of these cognitive tools and the software interface matches the findings and principles in human learning and instructional design. Working with PBE’s case-based simulations and categorized gallery, learners can enrich and transfer their experience to their jobs

Exploring self-regulation through learning navigation pathways in online learning during the pandemic

Abstract. Online learning has shown significant growth as a powerful alternative method to deliver learning through the pandemic situation. In the meantime, many studies have been attempting to investigate how to provide education within online platforms effectively; however, a few have examined how students regulate their learning during online courses. Through the lens of self-regulated learning theory and Zimmerman’s cyclical model (2000), the present study examines how successful students and less successful students regulate their learning in hypermedia contexts. Moreover, the research aims to explore self-regulatory behaviors via the learning pathways between successful students and less successful students in a learning management system. The process-oriented method was applied to investigate the student’s learning paths from the log data collected. The coding was done based on a new coding scheme created through the lens of self-regulated learning theories, in which half of the events were assigned with self-regulatory activities due to the lack of theoretical explanation. The frequency analysis and process mining analysis of coded learning events were generated to examine the differences in self-regulated learning between successful and less successful students. The results indicate how successful and less successful students regulate differently in their learning navigation. For educators, the study provides insights to better design online learning courses and suggests self-regulatory strategies to support students in hypermedia contexts

Solving The Problem of Adaptive E-Learning By Using Social Networks

This paper propose an enhanced E-Learning Social Network Exploiting Approach focused around chart model and clustering algorithm, which can consequently gathering dispersed e-learners with comparative premiums and make fitting suggestions, which can at last upgrade the collective learning among comparable e-learners. Through closeness revelation, trust weights overhaul and potential companions change, the algorithm actualized a programmed adjusted trust association with progressively upgraded fulfillments. Keywords: Relations, Adaptive E-Learning, Clustering , Social Network , E-learning ,  and Collaborative Learnin