Coronal Temperature Diagnostic Capability of the Hinode/X-Ray Telescope Based on Self-Consistent Calibration

The X-Ray Telescope (XRT) onboard the Hinode satellite is an X-ray imager that observes the solar corona with unprecedentedly high angular resolution (consistent with its 1" pixel size). XRT has nine X-ray analysis filters with different temperature responses. One of the most significant scientific features of this telescope is its capability of diagnosing coronal temperatures from less than 1 MK to more than 10 MK, which has never been accomplished before. To make full use of this capability, accurate calibration of the coronal temperature response of XRT is indispensable and is presented in this article. The effect of on-orbit contamination is also taken into account in the calibration. On the basis of our calibration results, we review the coronal-temperature-diagnostic capability of XRT

Factors Influencing Implementation of Enterprise-level Technical Transformation in a Healthcare Organization: An Action Research Collaborative Inquiry Study

Successfully implementing enterprise-level technical transformational programs is a primary goal for large-scale healthcare organizations. As an open system, healthcare organizations must constantly adapt to a highly volatile marketplace where technology underpins services\u27 supply and demand. External drivers include adapting to changing customer demographics, healthcare market standards, and federal regulations; a prime example is a recent response to the COVID-19 pandemic. These external factors drive internal transformation that translates into developing new product lines, business processes, and technology, requiring strategic orchestration to survive and thrive in the marketplace. This study found that employing a transformational change approach can help healthcare organizations respond to the demands of the dynamic healthcare industry, proactively reshape their business strategy and process, and improve work culture while meeting market demands. The purpose of the action research study was to qualitatively investigate and explore the experience of a healthcare organization’s participants engaged in a multi-year, enterprise-level technical transformation program to identify the factors for successful implementation utilizing an action research collaborative inquiry approach. The results of Lessons Learned and Stakeholder Satisfaction surveys document the transformation program\u27s performance and satisfaction throughout the program\u27s multiple phases. The researcher collected data, coded it, and identified common themes analyzed by the research group, which consisted of the researcher and six Transformation Program team members who volunteered to participate in the research group based on their lived experience of the Transformation Program. The research findings identified organizationally strategic, structural alignments, and leadership accountability emerging themes which are delivered utilizing Kate and Galbraith’s (2007) Star Model for Innovation

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Policing performance management systems: Identifying key design elements within a `new\u27 public management context

The new public management (NPM) philosophy and move towards a governance approach places emphasis on the accountability of individuals, supervisors and managers relative to practice, processes and designated outcome - conformance and performance. A dichotomy is highlighted working within the NPM environment where managers need to practice creative and innovative freedoms, and at the same time to exercise constraint and compliance within a regulated and permission seeking framework. This situation can create inertia in respect to performance reforms within the public service. Police Services in Australia, and in particular the Western Australia Police (WAPOL) have made some inroads into providing a foundation for a performance management (PM) approach. However, despite two decades performance management system (PMS) design, relevancy and application within the WA environment is not attuned to the internal and external requirements. This misalignment has led to limited understanding and successful application amongst policing frontline manager

From the Vehicle-Based Concept of Operational Design Domain to the Road-Based Concept of Operational Road Section

[EN] Automated vehicles are designed to maintain both longitudinal and transverse control along a road section under certain favorable conditions. The conditions that ensure a safe operation of an automated vehicle are referred to as Operational Design Domain (ODD). So far, the concept of ODD has focused on the automated vehicle and how it is designed to operate autonomously and safely under certain conditions. However, Road Administrations and Operators would be probably more interested in formulating the concept of ODD from the road standpoint, identifying the sections that really allow an optimal and safe operation for all automated vehicles. Hence, this study introduces the concept of Operational Road Section (ORS) that is defined as a road section that is compatible with all automated vehicles¿ ODDs. This would result in very low disengagements of SAE Level 2 and 3 vehicles, and no disengagements at all of any SAE Level 4 vehicle, as long as their conditions do not vary. These road sections are determined as the overlapping of all the ODDs corresponding to all the automated vehicles traveling through a road segment. The concept of ORS will play a key role in the identification of the road features that promote a safe automated driving. With this information, Road Administrations and Operators could (a) establish improvement actions for extended automated operation and thus longer ORSs; and (b) manage driving restrictions to certain driving automation systems. Finally, a case study is presented showing the applicability of the ORS concept on a two-lane rural road segment.This research is part of the PIARC's Special Project "Smart Roads Classification," funded by World Road Association-PIARC.García García, A.; Llopis-Castelló, D.; Camacho-Torregrosa, FJ. (2022). From the Vehicle-Based Concept of Operational Design Domain to the Road-Based Concept of Operational Road Section. Frontiers in Built Environment. 8:1-8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2022.90184018

Fate and transport of lignin in the soil-water continuum

PhD ThesisVascular plants comprise 20-30% lignin, constituting a considerable organic input to soils. Lignin is not necessarily preserved in soils, but the fate of its decomposition products in the wider environment is not well understood. Therefore, the overarching hypothesis tested herein was that a significant proportion of lignin is solubilised and lost from soils by transport in water. Solid phase extraction was used to extract lignin phenols from dissolved organic matter (DOM) from water outlets adjacent to major land use types (grazed grassland, deciduous woodland, and moorland) and compared to the lignin phenols from representative vegetation types, animal dungs and soils from each land use type. The phenols were identified and quantified using thermally assisted hydrolysis and methylation using tetramethylammonium hydroxide. Leachates from lysimeters treated with four vegetation types (grass, buttercup, ash, and oak) were sampled in a 22 month chronosequence, showing that some of the dominant phenols detected in the vegetation were also dominant in the respective DOM. A proportional relationship between increasing temperature and loss of representative lignin phenols in DOM was observed. Comparison of the dominant phenols in vegetation, soil and water sampled from field sites suggested specific lignin phenols could be used as biomarkers for different land uses. The concentrations of organic carbon-normalised total lignin phenols in the soils were similar to those in water, indicating that a considerable proportion of lignin in soils is lost via leaching. There was no significant difference in losses of lignin phenols between each land use type. Application of different rates of dissolved lignin to lysimeters indicated that the amount of water added was a dominant driver of transport through soil over 16 days, and that molecular structure also influenced transport rates of individual phenols. The impact of this research is that climate change (increased precipitation and warming) may significantly affect the loss of lignin by increased solubilisation and leaching from soils.NERC and BBSRC for funding this project and providing my stipen

Self-consistent modelling of a liquid metal box-type divertor with application to the Divertor Tokamak Test (DTT) facility: Li vs. Sn

In the present work a model for a liquid metal (LM) box-type divertor is presented, aimed at including the most relevant aspects of its rich physics, as well as some engineering elements. Given the upstream plasma conditions and for a fixed divertor geometry, the model self-consistently evaluates the plasma heat and particle flux on the LM surface, the thermodynamic state of the metal (liquid and vapor) in the divertor boxes and the temperature distribution in the solid walls. The model is then applied to the Divertor Tokamak Test (DTT) facility, which is currently being designed in Italy, comparing Li and Sn as possible LM choices, in terms of operating temperatures and of metal vapor flux from the divertor box system towards the main plasma chamber