75,276 research outputs found

    One-Cycle Zero-Integral-Error Current Control for Shunt Active Power Filters

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    [EN] Current control has, for decades, been one of the more challenging research fields in the development of power converters. Simple and robust nonlinear methods like hysteresis or sigma-delta controllers have been commonly used, while sophisticated linear controllers based on classical control theory have been developed for PWM-based converters. The one-cycle current control technique is a nonlinear technique based on cycle-by-cycle calculation of the ON time of the converter switches for the next switching period. This kind of controller requires accurate measurement of voltages and currents in order achieve a precise current tracking. These techniques have been frequently used in the control of power converters generating low-frequency currents, where the reference varies slowly compared with the switching frequency. Its application is not so common in active power filter current controllers due to the fast variation of the references that demands not only accurate measurements but also high-speed computing. This paper proposes a novel one-cycle digital current controller based on the minimization of the integral error of the current. Its application in a three-leg four-wire shunt active power filter is presented, including a stability analysis considering the switching pattern selection. Furthermore, simulated and experimental results are presented to validate the proposed controller.Orts-Grau, S.; Balaguer-Herrero, P.; Alfonso-Gil, JC.; Martínez-Márquez, CI.; Gimeno Sales, FJ.; Segui-Chilet, S. (2020). One-Cycle Zero-Integral-Error Current Control for Shunt Active Power Filters. Electronics. 9(12):1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9122008S116912Orts-Grau, S., Gimeno-Sales, F. J., Abellan-Garcia, A., Segui-Chilet, S., & Alfonso-Gil, J. C. (2010). Improved Shunt Active Power Compensator for IEEE Standard 1459 Compliance. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 25(4), 2692-2701. doi:10.1109/tpwrd.2010.2049033Orts-Grau, S., Gimeno-Sales, F. J., Segui-Chilet, S., Abellan-Garcia, A., Alcaniz-Fillol, M., & Masot-Peris, R. (2009). Selective Compensation in Four-Wire Electric Systems Based on a New Equivalent Conductance Approach. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 56(8), 2862-2874. doi:10.1109/tie.2009.2014368Trinh, Q.-N., & Lee, H.-H. (2013). An Advanced Current Control Strategy for Three-Phase Shunt Active Power Filters. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 60(12), 5400-5410. doi:10.1109/tie.2012.2229677Bosch, S., Staiger, J., & Steinhart, H. (2018). Predictive Current Control for an Active Power Filter With LCL-Filter. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 65(6), 4943-4952. doi:10.1109/tie.2017.2772176Balasubramanian, R., Parkavikathirvelu, K., Sankaran, R., & Amirtharajan, R. (2019). Design, Simulation and Hardware Implementation of Shunt Hybrid Compensator Using Synchronous Rotating Reference Frame (SRRF)-Based Control Technique. Electronics, 8(1), 42. doi:10.3390/electronics8010042Imam, A. A., Sreerama Kumar, R., & Al-Turki, Y. A. (2020). Modeling and Simulation of a PI Controlled Shunt Active Power Filter for Power Quality Enhancement Based on P-Q Theory. Electronics, 9(4), 637. doi:10.3390/electronics9040637Panigrahi, R., Subudhi, B., & Panda, P. C. (2016). A Robust LQG Servo Control Strategy of Shunt-Active Power Filter for Power Quality Enhancement. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 31(4), 2860-2869. doi:10.1109/tpel.2015.2456155Herman, L., Papic, I., & Blazic, B. (2014). A Proportional-Resonant Current Controller for Selective Harmonic Compensation in a Hybrid Active Power Filter. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 29(5), 2055-2065. doi:10.1109/tpwrd.2014.2344770Panigrahi, R., & Subudhi, B. (2017). Performance Enhancement of Shunt Active Power Filter Using a Kalman Filter-Based H{{{\rm H}}_\infty } Control Strategy. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 32(4), 2622-2630. doi:10.1109/tpel.2016.2572142Jiang, W., Ding, X., Ni, Y., Wang, J., Wang, L., & Ma, W. (2018). An Improved Deadbeat Control for a Three-Phase Three-Line Active Power Filter With Current-Tracking Error Compensation. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 33(3), 2061-2072. doi:10.1109/tpel.2017.2693325Buso, S., Caldognetto, T., & Brandao, D. (2015). Dead-Beat Current Controller for Voltage Source Converters with Improved Large Signal Response. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 1-1. doi:10.1109/tia.2015.2488644Tarisciotti, L., Formentini, A., Gaeta, A., Degano, M., Zanchetta, P., Rabbeni, R., & Pucci, M. (2017). Model Predictive Control for Shunt Active Filters With Fixed Switching Frequency. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 53(1), 296-304. doi:10.1109/tia.2016.2606364Kumar, M., & Gupta, R. (2017). Sampled-Time-Domain Analysis of a Digitally Implemented Current Controlled Inverter. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 64(1), 217-227. doi:10.1109/tie.2016.2609840Ho, C. N.-M., Cheung, V. S. P., & Chung, H. S.-H. (2009). Constant-Frequency Hysteresis Current Control of Grid-Connected VSI Without Bandwidth Control. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 24(11), 2484-2495. doi:10.1109/tpel.2009.2031804Wu, F., Feng, F., Luo, L., Duan, J., & Sun, L. (2015). Sampling period online adjusting-based hysteresis current control without band with constant switching frequency. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 62(1), 270-277. doi:10.1109/tie.2014.2326992Holmes, D. G., Davoodnezhad, R., & McGrath, B. P. (2013). An Improved Three-Phase Variable-Band Hysteresis Current Regulator. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 28(1), 441-450. doi:10.1109/tpel.2012.2199133Komurcugil, H., Bayhan, S., & Abu-Rub, H. (2017). Variable- and Fixed-Switching-Frequency-Based HCC Methods for Grid-Connected VSI With Active Damping and Zero Steady-State Error. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 64(9), 7009-7018. doi:10.1109/tie.2017.2686331Chang, C.-H., Wu, F.-Y., & Chen, Y.-M. (2012). Modularized Bidirectional Grid-Connected Inverter With Constant-Frequency Asynchronous Sigma–Delta Modulation. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 59(11), 4088-4100. doi:10.1109/tie.2011.2176693Mertens, A. (1994). Performance analysis of three-phase inverters controlled by synchronous delta-modulation systems. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 30(4), 1016-1027. doi:10.1109/28.297919Morales, J., de Vicuna, L. G., Guzman, R., Castilla, M., & Miret, J. (2018). Modeling and Sliding Mode Control for Three-Phase Active Power Filters Using the Vector Operation Technique. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 65(9), 6828-6838. doi:10.1109/tie.2018.2795528Guzman, R., de Vicuna, L. G., Morales, J., Castilla, M., & Miret, J. (2016). Model-Based Control for a Three-Phase Shunt Active Power Filter. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 63(7), 3998-4007. doi:10.1109/tie.2016.2540580Pichan, M., & Rastegar, H. (2017). Sliding-Mode Control of Four-Leg Inverter With Fixed Switching Frequency for Uninterruptible Power Supply Applications. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 64(8), 6805-6814. doi:10.1109/tie.2017.2686346E. S., S., E. K., P., Chatterjee, K., & Bandyopadhyay, S. (2014). An Active Harmonic Filter Based on One-Cycle Control. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 61(8), 3799-3809. doi:10.1109/tie.2013.2286558Wang, L., Han, X., Ren, C., Yang, Y., & Wang, P. (2018). A Modified One-Cycle-Control-Based Active Power Filter for Harmonic Compensation. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 65(1), 738-748. doi:10.1109/tie.2017.2682021Jin, T., & Smedley, K. M. (2006). Operation of One-Cycle Controlled Three-Phase Active Power Filter With Unbalanced Source and Load. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 21(5), 1403-1412. doi:10.1109/tpel.2006.880264Hirve, S., Chatterjee, K., Fernandes, B. G., Imayavaramban, M., & Dwari, S. (2007). PLL-Less Active Power Filter Based on One-Cycle Control for Compensating Unbalanced Loads in Three-Phase Four-Wire System. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 22(4), 2457-2465. doi:10.1109/tpwrd.2007.893450Qiao, C., Smedley, K. M., & Maddaleno, F. (2004). A Single-Phase Active Power Filter With One-Cycle Control Under Unipolar Operation. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 51(8), 1623-1630. doi:10.1109/tcsi.2004.832801Qiao, C., Jin, T., & MaSmedley, K. (2004). One-Cycle Control of Three-Phase Active Power Filter With Vector Operation. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 51(2), 455-463. doi:10.1109/tie.2004.82522

    Power Converters and Power Quality

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    This paper discusses the subject of power quality for power converters. The first part gives an overview of most of the common disturbances and power quality issues in electrical networks for particle accelerators, and explains their consequences for accelerator operation. The propagation of asymmetrical network disturbances into a network is analysed. Quantitative parameters for network disturbances in a typical network are presented, and immunity levels for users' electrical equipment are proposed. The second part of this paper discusses the technologies and strategies used in particle accelerator networks for power quality improvement. Particular focus is given to networks supplying loads with cycling active and reactive power.Comment: 26 pages, contribution to the 2014 CAS - CERN Accelerator School: Power Converters, Baden, Switzerland, 7-14 May 201

    A Bidirectional Soft-Switched DAB-Based Single-Stage Three-Phase AC–DC Converter for V2G Application

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    In vehicle-to-grid applications, the battery charger of the electric vehicle (EV) needs to have a bidirectional power flow capability. Galvanic isolation is necessary for safety. An ac-dc bidirectional power converter with high-frequency isolation results in high power density, a key requirement for an on-board charger of an EV. Dual-active-bridge (DAB) converters are preferred in medium power and high voltage isolated dc-dc converters due to high power density and better efficiency. This paper presents a DAB-based three-phase ac-dc isolated converter with a novel modulation strategy that results in: 1) single-stage power conversion with no electrolytic capacitor, improving the reliability and power density; 2) open-loop power factor correction; 3) soft-switching of all semiconductor devices; and 4) a simple linear relationship between the control variable and the transferred active power. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the proposed operation, along with simulation results and experimental verification

    A 0.1–5.0 GHz flexible SDR receiver with digitally assisted calibration in 65 nm CMOS

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    © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.A 0.1–5.0 GHz flexible software-defined radio (SDR) receiver with digitally assisted calibration is presented, employing a zero-IF/low-IF reconfigurable architecture for both wideband and narrowband applications. The receiver composes of a main-path based on a current-mode mixer for low noise, a high linearity sub-path based on a voltage-mode passive mixer for out-of-band rejection, and a harmonic rejection (HR) path with vector gain calibration. A dual feedback LNA with “8” shape nested inductor structure, a cascode inverter-based TCA with miller feedback compensation, and a class-AB full differential Op-Amp with Miller feed-forward compensation and QFG technique are proposed. Digitally assisted calibration methods for HR, IIP2 and image rejection (IR) are presented to maintain high performance over PVT variations. The presented receiver is implemented in 65 nm CMOS with 5.4 mm2 core area, consuming 9.6–47.4 mA current under 1.2 V supply. The receiver main path is measured with +5 dB m/+5dBm IB-IIP3/OB-IIP3 and +61dBm IIP2. The sub-path achieves +10 dB m/+18dBm IB-IIP3/OB-IIP3 and +62dBm IIP2, as well as 10 dB RF filtering rejection at 10 MHz offset. The HR-path reaches +13 dB m/+14dBm IB-IIP3/OB-IIP3 and 62/66 dB 3rd/5th-order harmonic rejection with 30–40 dB improvement by the calibration. The measured sensitivity satisfies the requirements of DVB-H, LTE, 802.11 g, and ZigBee.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

    A multifunctional dynamic voltage restorer for power quality improvement

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    Power quality is a major concern in electrical power systems. The power quality disturbances such as sags, swells, harmonic distortion and other interruptions have an impact on the electrical devices and machines and in severe cases can cause serious damages. Therefore it is necessary to recognize and compensate all types of disturbances at an earliest time to ensure normal and efficient operation of the power system. To solve these problems, many types of power devices are used. At the present time, one of those devices, Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) is the most efficient and effective device used in power distribution systems. In this paper, design and modeling of a new structure and a new control method of multifunctional DVRs for voltage quality correction are presented. The new control method was built in the stationary frame by combining Proportional Resonant controllers and Sequence-Decouple Resonant controllers. The performance of the device and this method under different conditions such as voltage swell, voltage sag due to symmetrical and unsymmetrical short circuit, starting of motors, and voltage distortion are described. Simulation result show the superior capability of the proposed DVR to improve power quality under different operating conditions and the effectiveness of the proposed method. The proposed new DVR controller is able to detect the voltage disturbances and control the converter to inject appropriate voltages independently for each phase and compensate to load voltage through three single-phase transformers.Web of Science116art. no. 135

    Multilevel Converters: An Enabling Technology for High-Power Applications

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    | Multilevel converters are considered today as the state-of-the-art power-conversion systems for high-power and power-quality demanding applications. This paper presents a tutorial on this technology, covering the operating principle and the different power circuit topologies, modulation methods, technical issues and industry applications. Special attention is given to established technology already found in industry with more in-depth and self-contained information, while recent advances and state-of-the-art contributions are addressed with useful references. This paper serves as an introduction to the subject for the not-familiarized reader, as well as an update or reference for academics and practicing engineers working in the field of industrial and power electronics.Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología DPI2001-3089Ministerio de Eduación y Ciencia d TEC2006-0386

    Lithium-ion battery thermal-electrochemical model-based state estimation using orthogonal collocation and a modified extended Kalman filter

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    This paper investigates the state estimation of a high-fidelity spatially resolved thermal- electrochemical lithium-ion battery model commonly referred to as the pseudo two-dimensional model. The partial-differential algebraic equations (PDAEs) constituting the model are spatially discretised using Chebyshev orthogonal collocation enabling fast and accurate simulations up to high C-rates. This implementation of the pseudo-2D model is then used in combination with an extended Kalman filter algorithm for differential-algebraic equations to estimate the states of the model. The state estimation algorithm is able to rapidly recover the model states from current, voltage and temperature measurements. Results show that the error on the state estimate falls below 1 % in less than 200 s despite a 30 % error on battery initial state-of-charge and additive measurement noise with 10 mV and 0.5 K standard deviations.Comment: Submitted to the Journal of Power Source

    A Flexible DSTATCOM Operating in Voltage or Current Control Mode

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    The topology and control are discussed of a distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) that can be operated flexibly in the voltage or current control mode. In the voltage control mode, the DSTATCOM can force the voltage of a distribution bus to be balanced sinusoids. In the current control mode, it can cancel distortion caused by the load, such that current drawn by the compensated load is pure balanced sinusoid. Both these objectives are achieved, irrespective of unbalance and harmonic distortions in load currents or source voltages. The chosen DSTATCOM topology includes three single-phase voltage source inverters connected in parallel to a filter-capacitor, which allows the high-frequency component of the current to pass. A switching control scheme is proposed, and its suitability is proved for this problem. The proposed scheme is verified using computer simulation studie

    Frequency and fundamental signal measurement algorithms for distributed control and protection applications

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    Increasing penetration of distributed generation within electricity networks leads to the requirement for cheap, integrated, protection and control systems. To minimise cost, algorithms for the measurement of AC voltage and current waveforms can be implemented on a single microcontroller, which also carries out other protection and control tasks, including communication and data logging. This limits the frame rate of the major algorithms, although analogue to digital converters (ADCs) can be oversampled using peripheral control processors on suitable microcontrollers. Measurement algorithms also have to be tolerant of poor power quality, which may arise within grid-connected or islanded (e.g. emergency, battlefield or marine) power system scenarios. This study presents a 'Clarke-FLL hybrid' architecture, which combines a three-phase Clarke transformation measurement with a frequency-locked loop (FLL). This hybrid contains suitable algorithms for the measurement of frequency, amplitude and phase within dynamic three-phase AC power systems. The Clarke-FLL hybrid is shown to be robust and accurate, with harmonic content up to and above 28% total harmonic distortion (THD), and with the major algorithms executing at only 500 samples per second. This is achieved by careful optimisation and cascaded use of exact-time averaging techniques, which prove to be useful at all stages of the measurements: from DC bias removal through low-sample-rate Fourier analysis to sub-harmonic ripple removal. Platform-independent algorithms for three-phase nodal power flow analysis are benchmarked on three processors, including the Infineon TC1796 microcontroller, on which only 10% of the 2000 mus frame time is required, leaving the remainder free for other algorithms
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