8,177 research outputs found
Deformation-induced accelerated dynamics in polymer glasses
Molecular dynamics simulations are used to investigate the effects of
deformation on the segmental dynamics in an aging polymer glass. Individual
particle trajectories are decomposed into a series of discontinuous hops, from
which we obtain the full distribution of relaxation times and displacements
under three deformation protocols: step stress (creep), step strain, and
constant strain rate deformation. As in experiments, the dynamics can be
accelerated by several orders of magnitude during deformation, and the history
dependence is entirely erased during yield (mechanical rejuvenation). Aging can
be explained as a result of the long tails in the relaxation time distribution
of the glass, and similarly, mechanical rejuvenation is understood through the
observed narrowing of this distribution during yield. Although the relaxation
time distributions under deformation are highly protocol specific, in each case
they may be described by a universal acceleration factor that depends only on
the strain.Comment: 15 pages, 15 figure
Effect of Heat-Treatment Time on Bending Properties of Cobolt-Chromium Orthodontic Wires
Different protocols appear in the literature with respect to heat-treating cobalt-chromium orthodontic wires. The objective was to determine the effect of variable heat-treatment time and method on the bending properties of CoCr wires. Two tempers of CoCr ‘Elgiloy’ wires (Rocky Mountain Orthodontics), blue (B) and yellow (Y), were heat-treated for different durations. The groups (n=20/group/temper) included: 1) as-received (control); 2) brush-flame; 3) 480oC for 5sec; 4) 480oC for 10min; 5) 480oC for 2hr; and 6) 480oC for 5hr. Wire segments were tested by a three-point bend test. Stiffness/flexural modulus, percent recovery, and force values at select deflections were statistically compared using ANOVA/Bonferroni post-hoc test (p\u3c0.05). A T-test compared the different tempers. Longer heat-treatment (2hr/5hr) increased % recovery, flexural modulus, and force values when compared to the as-received counterparts. Heat treatment for 10 minutes resulted in intermediate increases. Using a brush-flame technique reduced elastic recovery and resulted in greater bending variability. Similar mechanical properties can be achieved in just 2 hours compared to the manufacturer recommended 5 hours of heat-treatment of Elgiloy wires. Ten minutes of heat-treatment, which may be more realistic in a busy orthodontic practice, can increase bending properties 50-75% compared to the 5-hour group. The brush-flame technique is not recommended due to inconsistent heating conditions resulting in varying bending properties
Mechanistic and pathological study of the genesis, growth, and rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysms
Postprint (published version
Structure-stiffness relation of live mouse brain tissue determined by depth-controlled indentation mapping
The mechanical properties of brain tissue play a pivotal role in
neurodevelopment and neurological disorders. Yet, at present, there is no
consensus on how the different structural parts of the tissue contribute to its
stiffness variations. Here, we have gathered depth-controlled indentation
viscoelasticity maps of the hippocampus of isolated horizontal live mouse brain
sections. Our results confirm the highly viscoelestic nature of the material
and clearly show that the mechanical properties correlate with the different
morphological layers of the samples investigated. Interestingly, the relative
cell nuclei area seems to negatively correlate with the stiffness observed
The Compression-Mode Giant Resonances and Nuclear Incompressibility
The compression-mode giant resonances, namely the isoscalar giant monopole
and isoscalar giant dipole modes, are examples of collective nuclear motion.
Their main interest stems from the fact that one hopes to extrapolate from
their properties the incompressibility of uniform nuclear matter, which is a
key parameter of the nuclear Equation of State (EoS). Our understanding of
these issues has undergone two major jumps, one in the late 1970s when the
Isoscalar Giant Monopole Resonance (ISGMR) was experimentally identified, and
another around the turn of the millennium since when theory has been able to
start giving reliable error bars to the incompressibility. However, mainly
magic nuclei have been involved in the deduction of the incompressibility from
the vibrations of finite nuclei. The present review deals with the developments
beyond all this. Experimental techniques have been improved, and new
open-shell, and deformed, nuclei have been investigated. The associated changes
in our understanding of the problem of the nuclear incompressibility are
discussed. New theoretical models, decay measurements, and the search for the
evolution of compressional modes in exotic nuclei are also discussed.Comment: Review paper to appear in "Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics
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