1,020 research outputs found
m-sophistication
The m-sophistication of a finite binary string x is introduced as a
generalization of some parameter in the proof that complexity of complexity is
rare. A probabilistic near sufficient statistic of x is given which length is
upper bounded by the m-sophistication of x within small additive terms. This
shows that m-sophistication is lower bounded by coarse sophistication and upper
bounded by sophistication within small additive terms. It is also shown that
m-sophistication and coarse sophistication can not be approximated by an upper
or lower semicomputable function, not even within very large error.Comment: 13 pages, draf
Influence tests I: ideal composite hypothesis tests, and causal semimeasures
Ratios of universal enumerable semimeasures corresponding to hypotheses are
investigated as a solution for statistical composite hypotheses testing if an
unbounded amount of computation time can be assumed.
Influence testing for discrete time series is defined using generalized
structural equations. Several ideal tests are introduced, and it is argued that
when Halting information is transmitted, in some cases, instantaneous cause and
consequence can be inferred where this is not possible classically.
The approach is contrasted with Bayesian definitions of influence, where it
is left open whether all Bayesian causal associations of universal semimeasures
are equal within a constant. Finally the approach is also contrasted with
existing engineering procedures for influence and theoretical definitions of
causation.Comment: 29 pages, 3 figures, draf
L'information algorithmique en physique : émergence, sophistication et localité quantique
Cette thèse explore des aspects du monde naturel par la lentille de l'information algorithmique. La notion de l'émergence, intuitivement reliée à tant de phénomènes naturels, se voit offrir une définition cadrée dans le domaine plus spécifique des statistiques algorithmiques. Capturant toutes deux l'organisation non triviale d'un objet, la sophistication et la profondeur logique sont relativisées à un objet auxiliaire puis remises en relation. Enfin, des modèles proposant une description locale des systèmes quantiques sont démontrés équivalents, ont leur coût de description quantifié et sont généralisés aux systèmes continus.This thesis explores aspects of the physical world through the lens of algorithmic information. The notion of emergence, intuitively linked to many natural phenomena, is offered a definition framed in the field of algorithmic statistics. Both capturing non-trivial organization of an object, sophistication and logical depth are compared once relativized to an auxiliary object. Finally, models proposing a local description of the quantum systems are shown equivalent, have their description cost quantified and are generalized to continuous systems
Computability Theory
Computability is one of the fundamental notions of mathematics, trying to capture the effective content of mathematics. Starting from Gödel’s Incompleteness Theorem, it has now blossomed into a rich area with strong connections with other areas of mathematical logic as well as algebra and theoretical computer science
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