Generating Function For Network Delay

In this paper correspondence between experimental data for packet delay and two theoretical types of distribution is investigated. Statistical tests have shown that only exponential distribution can be used for the description of packet delays in global network. Precision experimental data to within microseconds are gathered by means of the RIPE Test Box. Statistical verification of hypothesis has shown that distribution parameters remain constants during 500 second intervals at least. In paper cumulative distribution function and generating function for packet delay in network are in an explicit form written down, the algorithm of search of parameters of distribution is resulted.Comment: 5 pages, 4 Tables, 5 Figure

Lossless Multicast Handovers in Proxy Fast Mobile IPv6 Networks

There is a demand in the Public Protection and Disaster Relief (PPDR) community for high bandwidth services on mobile devices. Group communication is an important aspect of PPDR networks. In IP based networks multicast is the preferred method to efficiently transmit data to more than one receiver simultaneously. It is important PPDR users can switch seamlessly between wireless networks. This paper describes improvements to multicast in Fast handovers for Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PFMIPv6) to provide seamless mobility to its users. We also identify and explore the specific problems stemming from difference in end-to-end delay between the old and new path during handovers for multicast traffic. A novel mechanism to determine the delay difference between two paths in a PFMIPv6 system is described and an implementation of this system is evaluated. It is shown the proposed approach can prevent multicast packet loss during a handover

Testing TCP Traffic Congestion by Distributed Protocol Analysis and Statistical Modelling

In this paper, a solution is proposed for testing TCP congestion window process in a real-life network situation during stationary time intervals. With this respect, the architecture of hardware and expert-system-based distributed protocol analysis is presented that we used for data acquisition and testing, conducted on a major network with live traffic (Electronic Financial Transactions data transfer), as well as the appropriate algorithm for estimating the actual congestion window size from the measured data that mainly included decoding with precise time-stamps (100ns resolution locally and 1ms with GPS clock distribution) and expert-system comments, resulting from the appropriate processing of the network data, accordingly filtered prior to arriving to the special-hardware-based capture buffer. In addition, the paper presents the statistical analysis model that we developed for the evaluation whether the data belonged to the specific (in this case, normal) cumulative distribution function, or whether two data sets exhibit the same statistical distribution - the conditio sine qua non for a TCP-stable interval. Having identified such stationary intervals, it was found that the measured-data-based congestion window values exhibited very good fitting (with satisfactory statistical significance) to the truncated normal distribution. Finally, an appropriate model was developed and applied, for estimating the relevant parameters of the congestion window distribution: its mean value and the variance. KEY WORDS: protocol analysis, TCP-IP, testing, traffic congestion, statistical analysis, parameter estimatio

A framework for dependable adaptation in probabilistic environments

Distributed applications executing in probabilistic environments, like the Internet, often need to make timing assumptions, for instance about the maximum message delay or the round-trip delay. In the case of adaptive systems these bounds should be computed at run-time, using probabilistic or other more or less ad hoc approaches, typically with the objective of improving the application performance. From a dependability perspective, however, the concern is to secure some properties on which the application can rely. Building on previous work where we set the stage for dependable adaptation, we introduce a general framework for implementing improved solutions for dependable adaptation. During its lifetime, a system alternates periods where its temporal behavior is well characterized, with transition periods where a variation of the environment conditions occurs. The proposed framework rests on the detection of these stable and transient phases, and it is generic in the sense that different detection mechanisms can be included. We use a set of simple phase detection mechanisms inspired in well-known probabilistic tests, along with synthetically generated data flows, to illustrate how the framework can be applie

Fault Detection for Systems with Multiple Unknown Modes and Similar Units

This dissertation considers fault detection for large-scale practical systems with many nearly identical units operating in a shared environment. A special class of hybrid system model is introduced to describe such multi-unit systems, and a general approach for estimation and change detection is proposed. A novel fault detection algorithm is developed based on estimating a common Gaussian-mixture distribution for unit parameters whereby observations are mapped into a common parameter-space and clusters are then identified corresponding to different modes of operation via the Expectation- Maximization algorithm. The estimated common distribution incorporates and generalizes information from all units and is utilized for fault detection in each individual unit. The proposed algorithm takes into account unit mode switching, parameter drift, and can handle sudden, incipient, and preexisting faults. It can be applied to fault detection in various industrial, chemical, or manufacturing processes, sensor networks, and others. Several illustrative examples are presented, and a discussion on the pros and cons of the proposed methodology is provided. The proposed algorithm is applied specifically to fault detection in Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems. Reliable and timely fault detection is a significant (and still open) practical problem in the HVAC industry { commercial buildings waste an estimated 15% to 30% ($20.8B -$41.61B annually) of their energy due to degraded, improperly controlled, or poorly maintained equipment. Results are presented from an extensive performance study based on both Monte Carlo simulations as well as real data collected from three operational large HVAC systems. The results demonstrate the capabilities of the new methodology in a more realistic setting and provide insights that can facilitate the design and implementation of practical fault detection for systems of similar type in other industrial applications

Queue Distribution of Real Time Transportation of Voice over Ip

Electrical Engineerin

Modelagem e análises de mecanismos para acesso de banda larga à internet

Com a popularização do acesso à Internet, a demanda por serviços do tipo banda larga tem crescido de forma significativa. Serviços de alta velocidade são necessário para prover acesso à web, por exemplo de casa ou a partir de uma rede de celular, com taxas de dados comparáveis a de uma rede local e, ainda, fornecer suporte para aplicações multimídia. Sob este prima, tem sido feito um grande esforço para que diferentes padrões de redes, passem a atender serviços de dados que requerem banda larga. O CDMA2000 1X foi desenvolvido para que redes de celulares, capazes de oferecer serviços de voz e outras aplicações de comutação de circuitos suportem aplicações de comutação de pacotes, oferecendo serviços de alta velocidade. O DOCSIS é outro padram desenvolvido com objetivo similar, mas com foco nas redes de distribuição de TV à cabo. O objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver modelos customizáveis para atender a vazão e o retardo alcançado por usuários que utilizam aplicações como navegação web e voz sobre IP, através das redes de acesso citadas, à medida em que a população de usuários é aumentada. Uma característica importante dos modelos propostos é a representação detalhada do comportamento do usuário web e dos mecanismos estudados. Diversos experimentos foram realizados visando avaliar a influência do tráfego de voz no tempo de acesso dos usuários web e obter a carga suportada pelo sistema sem que haja degradação da QoS das aplicações