8,392 research outputs found
Open k-monopolies in graphs: complexity and related concepts
Closed monopolies in graphs have a quite long range of applications in
several problems related to overcoming failures, since they frequently have
some common approaches around the notion of majorities, for instance to
consensus problems, diagnosis problems or voting systems. We introduce here
open -monopolies in graphs which are closely related to different parameters
in graphs. Given a graph and , if is the
number of neighbors has in , is an integer and is a positive
integer, then we establish in this article a connection between the following
three concepts:
- Given a nonempty set a vertex of is said to be
-controlled by if . The set
is called an open -monopoly for if it -controls every vertex of
.
- A function is called a signed total
-dominating function for if for all
.
- A nonempty set is a global (defensive and offensive)
-alliance in if holds for every .
In this article we prove that the problem of computing the minimum
cardinality of an open -monopoly in a graph is NP-complete even restricted
to bipartite or chordal graphs. In addition we present some general bounds for
the minimum cardinality of open -monopolies and we derive some exact values.Comment: 18 pages, Discrete Mathematics & Theoretical Computer Science (2016
Reflecting in and on post-observation feedback in initial teacher training on certificate courses
This article examines evidence from two studies that concern the nature of post-observation feedback in certificate courses for teaching English to speakers of other languages. It uncovers the main characteristics of these meetings and asks whether there is evidence of reflection in these contexts. In considering reasons why making space for reflection is potentially difficult, the paper also examines the relationship and the role of assessment criteria and how these may impact on opportunities for reflection. The final part of the paper considers how a more reflective approach could be promoted in feedback conferences
Women’s Rights in Kenya since Independence: The Complexities of Kenya’s Legal System and the Opportunities of Civic Engagement
Since Kenya gained independence from Britain in 1963, women’s rights in the country have made slow gains and suffered some setbacks. However, the rights of women and their guaranteed participation in politics was outlined in Kenya’s 2010 Constitution. This paper will survey some of those gains as well as describe the social backlash experienced by women leaders who have been trailblazers in post-colonial Kenyan politics
Responding to class theft: Theoretical and empirical links to critical management studies
Redrafted submission for inclusion in Remarx Section of Rethinking MarxismThis paper suggests closer linkages between the fields of Postmodern Class Analysis (PCA) and Critical Management Studies (CMS)2 are possible. It argues that CMS might contribute to the empirical engagement with the over-determined relations between class and non-class processes in work organizations (this appears to have received relatively little attention in PCA) and that PCA's theoretical and conceptual commitments may provide one means for CMS to engage in class analysis. CMS's focus on power and symbolic relations has led to the relative neglect of exploitation and class, in surplus terms. Both fields share similar although not identical political and ethical commitments
Centroidal bases in graphs
We introduce the notion of a centroidal locating set of a graph , that is,
a set of vertices such that all vertices in are uniquely determined by
their relative distances to the vertices of . A centroidal locating set of
of minimum size is called a centroidal basis, and its size is the
centroidal dimension . This notion, which is related to previous
concepts, gives a new way of identifying the vertices of a graph. The
centroidal dimension of a graph is lower- and upper-bounded by the metric
dimension and twice the location-domination number of , respectively. The
latter two parameters are standard and well-studied notions in the field of
graph identification.
We show that for any graph with vertices and maximum degree at
least~2, . We discuss the
tightness of these bounds and in particular, we characterize the set of graphs
reaching the upper bound. We then show that for graphs in which every pair of
vertices is connected via a bounded number of paths,
, the bound being tight for paths and
cycles. We finally investigate the computational complexity of determining
for an input graph , showing that the problem is hard and cannot
even be approximated efficiently up to a factor of . We also give an
-approximation algorithm
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