24,389 research outputs found
On a Relation between the Ate Pairing and the Weil Pairing for Supersingular Elliptic Curves
The hyperelliptic curve Ate pairing provides an efficient way to compute a
bilinear pairing on the Jacobian variety of a hyperelliptic curve.
We prove that, for supersingular elliptic curves with embedding degree
two, square of the Ate pairing is nothing but the Weil pairing.
Using the formula, we develop an X-coordinate only pairing inversion method.
However, the algorithm is still infeasible for cryptographic size problems
Still Wrong Use of Pairings in Cryptography
Several pairing-based cryptographic protocols are recently proposed with a
wide variety of new novel applications including the ones in emerging
technologies like cloud computing, internet of things (IoT), e-health systems
and wearable technologies. There have been however a wide range of incorrect
use of these primitives. The paper of Galbraith, Paterson, and Smart (2006)
pointed out most of the issues related to the incorrect use of pairing-based
cryptography. However, we noticed that some recently proposed applications
still do not use these primitives correctly. This leads to unrealizable,
insecure or too inefficient designs of pairing-based protocols. We observed
that one reason is not being aware of the recent advancements on solving the
discrete logarithm problems in some groups. The main purpose of this article is
to give an understandable, informative, and the most up-to-date criteria for
the correct use of pairing-based cryptography. We thereby deliberately avoid
most of the technical details and rather give special emphasis on the
importance of the correct use of bilinear maps by realizing secure
cryptographic protocols. We list a collection of some recent papers having
wrong security assumptions or realizability/efficiency issues. Finally, we give
a compact and an up-to-date recipe of the correct use of pairings.Comment: 25 page
Effective Field Theory for Dilute Fermions with Pairing
Effective field theory (EFT) methods for a uniform system of fermions with
short-range, natural interactions are extended to include pairing correlations,
as part of a program to develop a systematic Kohn-Sham density functional
theory (DFT) for medium and heavy nuclei. An effective action formalism for
local composite operators leads to a free-energy functional that includes
pairing by applying an inversion method order by order in the EFT expansion. A
consistent renormalization scheme is demonstrated for the uniform system
through next-to-leading order, which includes induced-interaction corrections
to pairing.Comment: 31 pages, 10 figures, affiliation updated, paper unchange
Density Functional Theory: Methods and Problems
The application of density functional theory to nuclear structure is
discussed, highlighting the current status of the effective action approach
using effective field theory, and outlining future challenges.Comment: 10 pages, 14 figures, invited talk at INT workshop on Nuclear Forces
and the Quantum Many-Body Problem, Seattle, October 200
What is liquid? Lyapunov instability reveals symmetry-breaking irreversibilities hidden within Hamilton's many-body equations of motion
Typical Hamiltonian liquids display exponential "Lyapunov instability", also
called "sensitive dependence on initial conditions". Although Hamilton's
equations are thoroughly time-reversible, the forward and backward Lyapunov
instabilities can differ, qualitatively. In numerical work, the expected
forward/backward pairing of Lyapunov exponents is also occasionally violated.
To illustrate, we consider many-body inelastic collisions in two space
dimensions. Two mirror-image colliding crystallites can either bounce, or not,
giving rise to a single liquid drop, or to several smaller droplets, depending
upon the initial kinetic energy and the interparticle forces. The difference
between the forward and backward evolutionary instabilities of these problems
can be correlated with dissipation and with the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
Accordingly, these asymmetric stabilities of Hamilton's equations can provide
an "Arrow of Time". We illustrate these facts for two small crystallites
colliding so as to make a warm liquid. We use a specially-symmetrized form of
Levesque and Verlet's bit-reversible Leapfrog integrator. We analyze
trajectories over millions of collisions with several equally-spaced time
reversals.Comment: 13 pages and 11 figures, prepared for Douglas Henderson's 80th
Birthday Symposium at Brigham Young University in August 2014 revised to
incorporate referee's suggestions as an acknowledgmen
Nonlinear Magneto-Optical Response of - and -Wave Superconductors
The nonlinear magneto-optical response of - and -wave superconductors
is discussed. We carry out the symmetry analysis of the nonlinear
magneto-optical susceptibility in the superconducting state. Due to the surface
sensitivity of the nonlinear optical response for systems with bulk inversion
symmetry, we perform a group theoretical classification of the superconducting
order parameter close to a surface. For the first time, the mixing of singlet
and triplet pairing states induced by spin-orbit coupling is systematically
taken into account. We show that the interference of singlet and triplet
pairing states leads to an observable contribution of the nonlinear
magneto-optical Kerr effect. This effect is not only sensitive to the
anisotropy of the gap function but also to the symmetry itself. In view of the
current discussion of the order parameter symmetry of High-T
superconductors, results for a tetragonal system with bulk singlet pairing for
various pairing symmetries are discussed.Comment: 21 pages (REVTeX) with 8 figures (Postscript
Superconductivity in ferromagnetic metals and in compounds without inversion centre
The symmetry properties and the general overview of the superconductivity
theory in the itinerant ferromagnets and in materials without space parity are
presented. The basic notions of unconventional superconductivity are introduced
in broad context of multiband superconductivity which is inherent property of
ferromagnetic metals or metals without centre of inversion.Comment: 38 pages, no figure
Topological superconducting phases from inversion symmetry breaking order in spin-orbit-coupled systems
We analyze the superconducting instabilities in the vicinity of the
quantum-critical point of an inversion symmetry breaking order. We first show
that the fluctuations of the inversion symmetry breaking order lead to two
degenerate superconducting (SC) instabilities, one in the -wave channel, and
the other in a time-reversal invariant odd-parity pairing channel (the simplest
case being the same as the of He-B phase). Remarkably, we find that unlike
many well-known examples, the selection of the pairing symmetry of the
condensate is independent of the momentum-space structure of the collective
mode that mediates the pairing interaction. We found that this degeneracy is a
result of the existence of a conserved fermionic helicity, , and the two
degenerate channels correspond to even and odd combinations of SC order
parameters with . As a result, the system has an enlarged symmetry
, with each corresponding to one value of
the helicity . Because of the enlarged symmetry, this system admits
exotic topological defects such as a fractional quantum vortex, which we show
has a Majorana zero mode bound at its core. We discuss how the enlarged
symmetry can be lifted by small perturbations, such as the Coulomb interaction
or Fermi surface splitting in the presence of broken inversion symmetry, and we
show that the resulting superconducting state can be topological or trivial
depending on parameters. The symmetry is restored at the
phase boundary between the topological and trivial SC states, and allows for a
transition between topologically distinct SC phases without the vanishing of
the order parameter. We present a global phase diagram of the superconducting
states and discuss possible experimental implications.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures, to match the published versio
Turning a Band Insulator Into an Exotic Superconductor
Understanding exotic, non s--wave--like states of Cooper pairs is important
and may lead to new superconductors with higher critical temperatures and novel
properties. Their existence is known to be possible but has always been thought
to be associated with non--traditional mechanisms of superconductivity where
electronic correlations play an important role. Here we use a first principles
linear response calculation to show that in doped BiSe an
unconventional p--wave--like state can be favored via a conventional
phonon--mediated mechanism, as driven by an unusual, almost singular behavior
of the electron--phonon interaction at long wavelengths. This may provide a new
platform for our understanding superconductivity phenomena in doped band
insulators.Comment: Published versio
Glide reflection symmetry, Brillouin zone folding and superconducting pairing for the space group
Motivated by the studies of the superconducting pairing states in the
iron-based superconductors, we analyze the effects of Brillouin zone folding
procedure from a space group symmetry perspective for a general class of
materials with the space group. The Brillouin zone folding amounts to
working with an effective one-Fe unit cell, instead of the crystallographic
two-Fe unit cell. We show that the folding procedure can be justified by the
validity of a glide reflection symmetry throughout the crystallographic
Brillouin zone and by the existence of a minimal double degeneracy along the
edges of the latter. We also demonstrate how the folding procedure fails when a
local spin-orbit coupling is included although the latter does not break any of
the space group symmetries of the bare Hamiltonian. In light of these general
symmetry considerations, we further discuss the implications of the glide
reflection symmetry for the superconducting pairing in an effective
multi-orbital model. We find that the space group
symmetry allows only pairing states with even parity under the glide reflection
and zero total momentum
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