Orbital Angular Momentum Waves: Generation, Detection and Emerging Applications

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) has aroused a widespread interest in many fields, especially in telecommunications due to its potential for unleashing new capacity in the severely congested spectrum of commercial communication systems. Beams carrying OAM have a helical phase front and a field strength with a singularity along the axial center, which can be used for information transmission, imaging and particle manipulation. The number of orthogonal OAM modes in a single beam is theoretically infinite and each mode is an element of a complete orthogonal basis that can be employed for multiplexing different signals, thus greatly improving the spectrum efficiency. In this paper, we comprehensively summarize and compare the methods for generation and detection of optical OAM, radio OAM and acoustic OAM. Then, we represent the applications and technical challenges of OAM in communications, including free-space optical communications, optical fiber communications, radio communications and acoustic communications. To complete our survey, we also discuss the state of art of particle manipulation and target imaging with OAM beams

Performance of Spatial Diversity DCO-OFDM in a Weak Turbulence Underwater Visible Light Communication Channel

The performance of underwater visible light communication (UVLC) system is severely affected by absorption, scattering and turbulence. In this article, we study the performance of spectral efficient DC-biased optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DCO-OFDM) in combination with the transceiver spatial diversity in turbulence channel. Based on the approximation of the weighted sum of lognormal random variables (RVs), we derived a theoretical exact bit error rate (BER) for DCO-OFDM systems with spatial diversity. The simulation results are compared with the analytical prediction, confirming the validity of the analysis. It is shown that spatial diversity can effectively reduce the turbulence-induced channel fading. The obtained results can be useful for designing, predicting, and evaluating the DCO-OFDM UVLC system in a weak oceanic turbulence condition

A Review on Feasible and Reliable Underwater Wireless Optical Communication System for Achieving High Data Rate and Longer Transmission Distance

Underwater Wireless Optical Communication (UWOC) offers significant research prospective with major challenges in the design and implementation. UWOC is capable of providing high rate of data transmission across large distances. This paper attempts to focus on the intricacies of practical implementations and open research issues of UWOC systems. Critical advances and progresses made in the field, modelling techniques and link design challenges are summarised. The purpose of this review is to give suggestions towards feasible and reliable UWOC design with improved performance. Finally the major points are summarized so that it will assist the future research in UWOC

Comunicações óticas de alto débito em espaço livre

Signal distribution through high capacity links is nowadays a requirement that is becoming more crucial than ever. Therefore, the introduction of fifth generation mobile networks lead to the need for high capacity fronthaul and backhaul. Fiber distributions are commonly available in developed countries, however there are some areas that do not sustain this type of resource, such as in areas with low residential user density. To overcome the idea that resources are allocated only in these areas, free space optics (FSO) present a suitable and lower cost solution and can be used in temporary events (e.g. when the fiber is disrupted). Free space optics is an optical type of communication that requires line of sight, where the atmosphere is the transmission medium. Due to changes in the atmospheric conditions, free space optics systems suffer from variable attenuation. In the scope of this work, the atmospheric interaction is the subject of study. To accomplish link optimization, several alternatives are studied, being based on channel prediction along side with probabilistic constellation shaping. A concave mirror together with a positioning system is also used to overcome structure sway and other sources of pointing error. In the lab, the estimation processes are used to produce 64-QAM connection with variable transmission rates between 400 Gbit/s and 500 Gbit/s and the gain from using adaptive modulation is evaluated. In the last stage, an automatic gimbal positioning system is also tested for several control algorithms.Atualmente, a distribuição de sinais por meio de canais de alta capacidade é um requisito cada vez mais crucial. Nesse sentido, a progressiva introdução de novas tecnologias de acesso móvel de quinta geração desempenha um papel fundamental, fomentando a necessidade de desenvolver novas técnicas de transmissão de alto débito para redes de fronthaul e/ou backhaul. As distribuições de fibra estão bem disseminadas entre os países desenvolvidos, no entanto, existem algumas áreas que não sustentam esse tipo de recurso, o que é comum em regiões de baixa densidade de clientes residenciais. Para combater a ideia de que os recursos são alocados apenas nas grandes áreas, a ótica de espaço livre apresenta uma solução adequada. Alternativamente, devido à facilidade e rapidez de instalação, as comunicações óticas de espaço livre podem ser utilizadas como alternativa à fibra em casos de destruição da mesma. A comunicação ótica em espaço livre é um tipo de comunicação direcional que requer linha de vista, sendo a atmosfera o meio de propagação. Devido às variações atmosféricas, as comunicações oticas de espaço livre sofrem atenuação variável. No decorrer deste trabalho, a interação atmosférica é objeto de estudo. Para realizar a otimização do canal de transmissão, várias alternativas são estudadas, baseando-se na previsão de canais em tempo real em conjunto com modulação probabilística da constelação. Um espelho côncavo equipado com sistema de posicionamento é também usado para superar as vibrações e outras fontes de erro posicional. No laboratório, os processos de estimativa são usados para adaptar uma conexão 64-QAM com taxas de transmissão entre 400 Gbit/s e 500 Gbit/s. O ganho do uso da modulação adaptativa é avaliado face a formatos de modulação fixos. No último estágio, o sistema de posicionadores é também testado, com o intuito de avaliar o seu impacto na estabilidade do canal.Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrónica e Telecomunicaçõe