1,335 research outputs found
Pattern languages in HCI: A critical review
This article presents a critical review of patterns and pattern languages in human-computer interaction (HCI). In recent years, patterns and pattern languages have received considerable attention in HCI for their potential as a means for developing and communicating information and knowledge to support good design. This review examines the background to patterns and pattern languages in HCI, and seeks to locate pattern languages in relation to other approaches to interaction design. The review explores four key issues: What is a pattern? What is a pattern language? How are patterns and pattern languages used? and How are values reflected in the pattern-based approach to design? Following on from the review, a future research agenda is proposed for patterns and pattern languages in HCI
Temporal Constraints for Concurrent Object Synchronisation
This is a brief introduction to the language Jeeg (presented as an invited talk at WOODS 2003
Defining the RBPome of primary T helper cells to elucidate higher-order Roquin-mediated mRNA regulation
Post-transcriptional gene regulation in T cells is dynamic and complex as targeted transcripts respond to various factors. This is evident for the Icos mRNA encoding an essential costimulatory receptor that is regulated by several RNA-binding proteins (RBP), including Roquin-1 and Roquin-2. Here, we identify a core RBPome of 798 mouse and 801 human T cell proteins by utilizing global RNA interactome capture (RNA-IC) and orthogonal organic phase separation (OOPS). The RBPome includes Stat1, Stat4 and Vav1 proteins suggesting unexpected functions for these transcription factors and signal transducers. Based on proximity to Roquin-1, we select \~50 RBPs for testing coregulation of Roquin-1/2 targets by induced expression in wild-type or Roquin-1/2-deficient T cells. Besides Roquin-independent contributions from Rbms1 and Cpeb4 we also show Roquin-1/2-dependent and target-specific coregulation of Icos by Celf1 and Igf2bp3. Connecting the cellular RBPome in a post-transcriptional context, we find contributions from multiple RBPs to the prototypic regulation of mRNA targets by individual trans-acting factors
Towards the architecture of an instructional multimedia database
The applicability of multimedia databases in education may be extended if they can serve multiple target groups, leading to affordable costs per unit for the user. In this contribution, an approach is described to build generic multimedia databases to serve that purpose. This approach is elaborated within the ODB Project ('Instructional Design of an Optical DataBase'); the term optical refers to the use of optical storage media to hold the audiovisual components. The project aims at developing a database in which a hypermedia encyclopedia is combined with instructional multimedia applications for different target groups at different educational levels. The architecture of the Optical Database will allow for switching between application types while working (for instance from tutorial instruction via the encyclopedia to a simulation and back). For instruction, the content of the database is thereby organized around so-called standard instruction routes: one route per target group. In the project, the teacher is regarded as the manager of instruction.\ud
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From that perspective, the database is primarily organized as a teaching facility. Central to the research is the condition that the architecture of the Optical Database has to enable teachers to select and tailor instruction routes to their needs in a way that is perceived as logical and easy to use
A type system for components
In modern distributed systems, dynamic reconfiguration, i.e.,
changing at runtime the communication pattern of a program, is chal-
lenging. Generally, it is difficult to guarantee that such modifications will
not disrupt ongoing computations. In a previous paper, a solution to this
problem was proposed by extending the object-oriented language ABS
with a component model allowing the programmer to: i) perform up-
dates on objects by means of communication ports and their rebinding;
and ii) precisely specify when such updates can safely occur in an object
by means of critical sections. However, improper rebind operations could
still occur and lead to runtime errors. The present paper introduces a
type system for this component model that extends the ABS type system
with the notion of ports and a precise analysis that statically enforces
that no object will attempt illegal rebinding
UA68/13/5 The Contact Sheet, Vol. 7, No. 4
Newsletter created by WKU alumni who were associated with student publications. Includes information about alumni and WKU Journalism & Broadcasting
Structural effects of neutral lipids on the divalent cation-induced interactions of phosphatidylserine - containing bilayers
As Ca2+ and phosphatidylserine (PS) are known to induce the adhesion of bilayer vesicles and
form collapsed multibilayer structures in vitro, it was the aim of this study to examine how
that interaction and the resultant structures might be modified by neutral lipid species. X-ray
diffraction data from multilamellar systems suggest that phosphatidylcholine (PC) and
diacylglycerol (DG) might be in the collapsed phase up to a concentration of -30 mole % and
that above this concentration these neutral lipids may modify Ca2+-induced bilayer
interactions. Using large unilamellar vesicles and long incubations in excess Ca2+ to ensure
equilibration, similar preliminary results were again obtained with PC, and also with
phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). A combination of X-ray diffraction, thin-layer
chromatography, density gradient centrifugation and freeze-fracture electron microscopy, used
in conjunction with an osmotic stress technique, showed that (i) -30 mole % PC can be
accomodated in the Ca(DOPS)2 phase; and (ii) higher PC levels modify Ca2+-induced bilayer
interactions resulting in single lamellar phases of larger dimension and reduced tendency for
REV collapse. Importantly, the data suggest that PC is dehydrated during the rapid collapse
process leading. to Ca(DOPS)2 formation and exists with this dehydrated phase. Similar results
were obtained using PS isolated from bovine brain. Preliminary studies using two different
phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) species indicated accomodation by Ca(DOPS)2 of -25-30 mole
0/0 PE and bulk phase separation, of species favouring a non-bilayer phase, at higher levels.
Significantly, all PS/PE vesicles appear to undergo a complete Ca2+-induced collapse, even with
contents of up to 90 mole % PE. These data suggest that PE may have an important role in fusion
mechanisms in vivo. In sum the data lend both structural and stoichiometric evidence for th~
existence of laterally segregated neutral lipid molecules within the same bilayers as PS domains
exposed to Ca2+
States of decay: The systems biology of mRNA stability
An appropriate equilibrium between transcription and mRNA decay is vital for the function of the cell. The RNA-binding complexes regulating mRNA degradation, such as carbon catabolite repression 4-negative on TATA-less, may also control several other stages of the mRNA life cycle, from transcription to translation. This pleiotropic control complicates the analysis of mRNA stability. Computational models have analysed the mechanisms underlying mRNA turnover and have been used to extract mRNA decay rates from high-throughput data sets. Multiomics studies have clarified the actions of RNA-binding complexes, and such studies allow the evolution of more accurate and complex computational models. This review discusses two complementary aspects of systems biology in the study of mRNA decay—computational modelling of mRNA turnover and recent ‘-omics’ studies of the function of RNA-binding proteins controlling mRNA stability
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