Philosophy of Blockchain Technology - Ontologies

About the necessity and usefulness of developing a philosophy specific to the blockchain technology, emphasizing on the ontological aspects. After an Introduction that highlights the main philosophical directions for this emerging technology, in Blockchain Technology I explain the way the blockchain works, discussing ontological development directions of this technology in Designing and Modeling. The next section is dedicated to the main application of blockchain technology, Bitcoin, with the social implications of this cryptocurrency. There follows a section of Philosophy in which I identify the blockchain technology with the concept of heterotopia developed by Michel Foucault and I interpret it in the light of the notational technology developed by Nelson Goodman as a notational system. In the Ontology section, I present two developmental paths that I consider important: Narrative Ontology, based on the idea of order and structure of history transmitted through Paul Ricoeur's narrative history, and the Enterprise Ontology system based on concepts and models of an enterprise, specific to the semantic web, and which I consider to be the most well developed and which will probably become the formal ontological system, at least in terms of the economic and legal aspects of blockchain technology. In Conclusions I am talking about the future directions of developing the blockchain technology philosophy in general as an explanatory and robust theory from a phenomenologically consistent point of view, which allows testability and ontologies in particular, arguing for the need of a global adoption of an ontological system for develop cross-cutting solutions and to make this technology profitable. CONTENTS: Abstract Introducere Tehnologia blockchain - Proiectare - Modele Bitcoin Filosofia Ontologii - Ontologii narative - Ontologii de intreprindere Concluzii Note Bibliografie DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.24510.3360

ATMOL: A Domain-Specific Language for Atmospheric Modeling

This paper describes the design and implementation of ATMOL: a domain-specific language for the formulation and implementation of atmospheric models. ATMOL was developed in close collaboration with meteorologists at the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI) to ensure ease of use, concise notation, and the adoptation of common notational conventions. ATMOL’s expressiveness allows the formulation of high-level and low-level model details as language constructs for problem refinement and code synthesis. The atmospheric models specified in ATMOL are translated into efficient numerical codes with CTADEL, a tool for symbolic manipulation and code synthesis

ATMOL: A Domain-Specific Language for Atmospheric Modeling

This paper describes the design and implementation of ATMOL: a domain-specific language for the formulation and implementation of atmospheric models. ATMOL was developed in close collaboration with meteorologists at the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI) to ensure ease of use, concise notation, and the adoptation of common notational conventions. ATMOL’s expressiveness allows the formulation of high-level and low-level model details as language constructs for problem refinement and code synthesis. The atmospheric models specified in ATMOL are translated into efficient numerical codes with CTADEL, a tool for symbolic manipulation and code synthesis

Ontology-based model abstraction

In recent years, there has been a growth in the use of reference conceptual models to capture information about complex and critical domains. However, as the complexity of domain increases, so does the size and complexity of the models that represent them. Over the years, different techniques for complexity management in large conceptual models have been developed. In particular, several authors have proposed different techniques for model abstraction. In this paper, we leverage on the ontologically well-founded semantics of the modeling language OntoUML to propose a novel approach for model abstraction in conceptual models. We provide a precise definition for a set of Graph-Rewriting rules that can automatically produce much-reduced versions of OntoUML models that concentrate the models’ information content around the ontologically essential types in that domain, i.e., the so-called Kinds. The approach has been implemented using a model-based editor and tested over a repository of OntoUML models

Refining Transformation Rules For Converting UML Operations To Z Schema

The UML (Unified Modeling Language) has its origin in mainstream software engineering and is often used informally by software designers. One of the limitations of UML is the lack of precision in its semantics, which makes its application to safety critical systems unsuitable. A safety critical system is one in which any loss or misinterpretation of data could lead to injury, loss of human lives and/or property. Safety Critical systems are usually specified by very precisely and frequently required formal verification. With the continuous use of UML in the software industry, there is a need to augment the informality of software models produced to remove ambiguity and inconsistency in models for verification and validation. To overcome this well-known limitation of UML, formal specification techniques (FSTs), which are mathematically tractable, are often used to represent these models. Formal methods are mathematical techniques that allow software developers to produce softwares that address issues of ambiguity and error in complex and safety critical systems. By building a mathematically rigorous model of a complex system, it is possible to verify the system\u27s properties in a more thorough fashion than empirical testing. In this research, the author refines transformation rules for aspects of an informally defined design in UML to one that is verifiable, i.e. a formal specification notation. The specification language that is used is the Z Notation. The rules are applied to UML class diagram operation signatures iteratively, to derive Z schema representation of the operation signatures. Z representation may then be analyzed to detect flaws and determine where there is need to be more precise in defining the operation signatures. This work is an extension of previous research that lack sufficient detail for it to be taken to the next phase, towards the implementation of a tool for semi-automated transformation

Comparison and Alignment of Access Control Models

Turvasüsteemipoliitikat rakendatakse arvutis juurdepääsu kontrollimehhanismi kaudu. Juurdepääsu kontrollmehhanismi peamised kontrollid on konfidentsiaalsus, terviklikkus ja turvalisus. Juurdepääsu kontrollmehhanismi saab rakendada mistahes juurdepääsu kontrollmudelite kaudu. See on viis, kuidas volitamata kasutaja eest teavet või ressursse kaitsta, tagades juurdepääsu ainult volitatud kasutajale. On olemas erinevad juurdepääsu kontrollimudelid, kus kõik mudelid pole tänapäeva digitaalkeskkonnale piisavad. Seega tekib probleem ülesande lahendamisel, milline juurdepääsukontrolli mudel sobib teatud tüüpi mitme kasutaja infrastruktuuriga, millel on erinevad juurdepääsuvajadused. Juurdepääsu kontrollmudel erineb vastavalt keskkonnale. On olemas keskkond, mis annab juurdepääsu oma kasutajatele konkreetses võrgustikus ja keskkonnas, kus on kasutajaid, kes vahetavad võrke, et kasutada dünaamiliselt erinevaid ressursse. Seega on ressursside ja võrgu tõhusa kasutamise õige mudeli määramine keeruline, välja arvatud juhul, kui on võimalik olemasolevas mudelis kasutada vajalikke kontseptsioone, et muuta meie uus mudel paindlikumaks.Juurdepääsu kontrollimise standardid erinevate juurdepääsupõhiste õiguste haldamiseks on keerukad. Tekkivate tehnoloogiatega muutuvad süsteemi komponendid ajakohastatuks, seega on väljakutse leida sobiv ja paindlik juhtimismudel, mis vastab süsteemile. Isegi kui saadaval on erinevad juurdepääsukontrolli mudelid, on tõeline probleem leidmaks vajalikku juurdepääsu kontrollimehhanismi, mida saab kasutada meie uue juurdepääsukontrolli mudeli täiustamiseks, et turvaliselt juurde pääsedes ressursse tõhusalt kasutada.Lahenduseks on mõista juurdepääsu kontrollimudeli nõrku ja tugevaid omadusi, võrrelda erinevaid mudeleid ja viia nende parimad omadused kokku paindliku juurdepääsu kontrollimudeli koostamiseks. See saavutatakse süstemaatilise küsitluse abil, kus osalejad kinnitavad, et juurdepääsu kontrollimudelit saab mõista ja võrrelda kolme põhikomponendi: subjekti, poliitika ja objektiga, mille aluseks olevad põhimõtted, metamudelid ja kolme erineva juurdepääsu kontrollimudeli näitel.Erinevate juurdepääsukontrolli mudelite analüütiline võrdlus põhineb aruandel selle kohta, kuidas kasutajad sellega erinevatel juhtudel tegelevad. See uuring aitas saada erinevate inimeste arvamust reaalselt nii, et see empiiriline katsete läbiviimise viis suudaks leida tugevaid ja nõrgemaid tegureid. Lõpuks viiakse kõik tugevad tegureid kooskõlla uue paindliku juurdepääsukontrolli mudeli loomisega.Tulemus aitab võrrelda, uurida ja rakendada sobivat ja vajalikku juurdepääsu kontrollisüsteemile. See paneb meid mõtlema ka sellele, kuidas saab uut juurdepääsu kontrollisüsteemi analüüsida ja võrrelda olemasolevatega. Reaalajas vaatajaskonna abil saab selle väljund olla realistlik. Seda uurimustöö tulemust saab kasutada juurdepääsu kontrolli mudelite edasiseks täiustamiseks.Security system policies are implemented in the computer through access control mechanism. The primary controls that the access control mechanism possesses are confidentiality, integrity, and security. Access control mechanism can be applied through any of the access control models. It is is a way of protecting information or resources from the unauthorized user to provide access to authorized user. There exist different access control models in which all models are not adequate for today's digital environment. So, the problem arises in difficulty faced to choose which access control model suits well for a particular type of multi-user infrastructure with various access needs. Access control model differs according to the environment. There is an environment which grants access to its users within a particular network and for an environment which has users, who switch dynamically between different networks to access resources. Hence, determining the right model for the efficient use of resources and network is difficult, unless, there is a way to implement the needed concepts in our existing model as to make our new flexible model. Access control standards for managing different access privileges are complex to understand. With the emerging technologies, components of a system are getting updated, so, it will be a challenge to find out the suitable and flexible access control model that matches the system. Even though there are different access control model available, there is the real problem in finding out the needed access control mechanism which can be employed for the improvement of our new access control model for the efficient use of the resources to be accessed securely.The solution is to understand the weak and strong features of access control model by comparing different models and aligning their best features to compose into a flexible access control model. It is achieved with the help of systematic survey, where a group of audience validated that access control model can be understood and compared with three main components, subject, policy and object with underlying principles, meta-models and examples of three different access control model. Analytical comparison of different access control model is drawn from a report of how the audience deals with it at various cases that were analyzed. This survey helped to receive the opinion of different people realistically, such that this empirical way of conducting experiments concludes with the way for finding strong and weak factors. Finally, all the strong factors are aligned to form a new flexible access control model. The result helps to compare, study and implement a suitable and necessary access control system. It also makes us think in a way how a new access control system can be analyzed and compared with the existing ones. This research work result can be used for further research in future for the potential enhancement of newer access control models