Nosocomial Infection Prevention Through Universal Precaution in YOGYAKARTA Muhammadiyah Hospital

Prevention of nosocomial infections in hospitals can be done through the implementation of universal precaution program or action asepsis and antisepsis tapping. These actions undertaken by health workers, both nurses and physicians, universal precaution measures include: hand washing, use of gloves, use aseptic liquid, processing of used equipment and waste disposal. The purpose of this study to determine the prevention of nosocomial infections in hospitals through universal precautions in hospitals Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta area. Design of this research is descriptive qualitative case study approach. Collecting data used techniques focus group discussions. Data analyzed using content analysis. The application of universal precautions in hospitals throughout Yogyakarta PKU show that health workers have attempted to implement universal precautions including hand washing action on the water flow, perform hand hygiene, and always tries to wear personal protective equipment. Nurses knowledge about nosocomial infections has been well and for prevention need to implement universal precautions. The attitude of nurses in implementing universal precautions have been good, to the extent responsible. Most hospitals have had the availability of facilities and support the implementation of universal precaution well, and partly still exist limitations in the availability of facilities and support the implementation of universal precaution

HUBUNGANPENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP PERAWAT DENGAN PENCEGAHAN INFEKSI NOSOKOMIAL DI RUANGRAWAT INAP RUMAH SAKIT PARUdr. ARIO WIRAWAN SALATIGAJAWA TENGAH

Nosocomial infection is infection that acquired by patients from hospital after gets 72 hours medical treatment. It makes hospital the most vulnerable place to be infected this nosocomialinfection. For the prevention of the nosocomial infection, knowledge and nurses attitude are very required.To know thecorrelation of knowledge and nurses attitude toward prevention of nosocomial infection at dr. Ario Wirawan Lung Hospital Inpatient Salatiga Central Java.This research usedanalytical surveywithCross Sectionalstudy design. The population were all theinpatient nurses in dr. Ario Wirawan Lung Hospital class 1-3. The amount of 48 respondents were taken with saturated sampling technique. The data analysis using the Multiple Linear Correlation test with 5% significance level.Results:The level of respondents knowledge are good that is 56.2%, respondents attitude either that is 95.8%, prevention of nosocomial infection are good that is 75.0%, the result of Kendall Tau correlation test shows that nurses knowledge toward prevention nosocomial infection is value of significance (p) = 0.019 < alpha value = 0.05, the result of Kendall Tau correlation test toward nurses attitude with prevention nosocomial infection is value of significance(p)= 0.016 < alpha value = 0.05, the result of Multiple Linearcorrelation knowledge and nurses attitude toward prevention of nosocomial infection is value of significance (p) = 0.01< alpha value = 0.05, and based on the value of the Standartdized Coefficients Beta nurses attitude more dominant is 0.309.Conclusion:There are possitive correlation between knowledge and nurses attitude toward prevention of nosocomial infection. Keywords :Knowledge, attitude, prevention of nosocomial infection

Risk Factors for Nosocomial Infection in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit by the Japanese Nosocomial Infection Surveillance (JANIS)

We evaluated the infection risks in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) using data of NICU infection surveillance data. The subjects were 871 NICU babies, consisting of 465 boys and 406 girls, who were cared for between June 2002 and January 2003 in 7 medical institutions that employed NICU infection surveillance. Infections were defined according to the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance (NNIS) System. Of the 58 babies with nosocomial infections, 15 had methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the odds ratio for nosocomial infections was significantly related to gender, birth weight and the insertion of a central venous catheter (CVC). When the birth weight group of more than 1, 500g was regarded as the reference, the odds ratio was 2.35 in the birth weight group of 1,000-1,499g and 8.82 in the birth weight group of less than 1,000g. The odds ratio of the CVC () for nosocomial infection was 2.27. However, other devices including artificial ventilation, umbilical artery catheter, umbilical venous catheter, and urinary catheter were not significant risk factors. The incidence of MRSA infection rapidly increased from 0.3% in the birth weight group of more than 1,500g to 2.1% in the birth weight group of 1,000-1,499g, and to 11.1% in the birth weight group of less than 1,000g. When the birth weight group of more than 1,500g was regarded as the reference, multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the odds ratio was 7.25 in the birth weight group of 1,000-1,499g and 42.88 in the birth weight group of less than 1,000g. These odds ratios were significantly higher than that in the reference group. However, the application of devices did not cause any significant differences in the odds ratio for MRSA infection.</p

Hubungan Antara Kualitas Perawatan Kateter Dengan Kejadian Infeksi Nosokomial Saluran Kemih

Nosocomial infection refer to occurrence the often happen in hospital and can causes import to patient, family and hospital of self. Once of infection that often happened is infection of urinary tract at the patient with dower chateter. Factors that caused nosocomial infection of urinary tractare hospes, agent, installation procedure, old of installed chateter and quality of chateter treatment. This research ago to know the quality chateter treatment with the occurrence of nosocomial infection urinary tract. The research method is observation and the instrument used observation sheet. Independent variable in this research is the quality of chateter treatment and for the dependent variable is occurrence as nosocomial infection of urinay tract. The research subject is cause who had Diploma degree and Graduate of nursing, male patient that treated in Roemani\u27s Hospital, wear installed dower chateter, age of respondent between 18 – 55 years old, medic diagnose was not tractus urinarius infection, not consume antibiotic and agree to be respondent. Amount of sample are 30 respondents. Result of this research showed that the must quality of treatment chateter is enough (50%), good (30%) and less (20%). Number of occurrence of nosocomial infection of urinary tract that got chateter treatment with good quality was 22.22%, enough 26.67% and less 83.33%. To decrease the occurrence of nosocomial infection of urinary tract that cause by installing of chateter was need the increasing the quality of chateter treatment that appropriate to the nursing procedure standart and the pressed of infection prevention. Statistic test used Chi Square test to examine the relation between the quality of chateter treatment with the occurrence of nosocomial infection of urinary tract. Chi Square analisis result t count (7.081) > t table (5.99) and p value (0.029) < 0.05. Which means that there is relation between quality of chateter treatment with the occurrence nosocomial infection of urinary tract

Hubungan Berat Badan Lahir Bayi dan Infeksi Nosokomial di Ruang Perinatologi

Nosocomial infection is still a health problem on the world because of its increasing morbidity and mortality rates. Nosocomial infection is mostly occured among infant and the highest infection is in the neonatus intensive care unit. The objective of the study is to examine the relationship between birth weight and nosocomial infection of neonates (pneumonia, bacteremia and septicemia) in level III, Perinatal Ward, Rumah Sakit Anak Bersalin Harapan Kita (RSAB Harapan Kita) in the period of 2002-2004. The data used was the medical record of infants under care in level III, Perinatal Ward, RSAB Harapan Kita. Major sites of infection were septicemia (52.91%), bacteremia (35.48%) and pneumonia (11.61%). The most commonly found pathogens were Gram-negative bacteria: Serratia sp. (range 2.3%-38.10%), Klebsiella pneumonia (range 3,2%-6,8%) and Candida sp. (1%-4,2%). Neonates with birth weight <2500 gram using long line intravenous catheter and/or umbilical catheter faced high risk of nosocomial infection. Neonates with birth weight <2500 gram having intravenous catheter showed no case of nosocomial infection

Modeling Nosocomial Disease Outbreaks using a Combined Differential Equations and Agent Based-Modeling Approach

A nosocomial infection is an infection that a patient develops while in a hospital or healthcare related setting, also known as a hospital acquired infection (HAI).This project has two foci: firstly to model a HAI within an individual, then secondly to understand community-level propagation effects of a nosocomial infection within a hospital ward. An analysis of a novel system of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations (representing the HAI attack and immune response within an individual) was first completed. More specifically the model includes an s parameter that allows frailty to be patient specific. After the dynamic behaviors of the model were fully characterized, an agent based-modeling approach was used to understand community level dynamics. Of particular interest was the interplay between the time span of an infection and the distribution of immune responses across agents[1]

How do we evaluate the cost of nosocomial infection? The ECONI protocol: an incidence study with nested case-control evaluating cost and quality of life

Introduction Healthcare-associated or nosocomial infection (HAI) is distressing to patients and costly for the National Health Service (NHS). With increasing pressure to demonstrate cost-effectiveness of interventions to control HAI and notwithstanding the risk from antimicrobial-resistant infections, there is a need to understand the incidence rates of HAI and costs incurred by the health system and for patients themselves. Methods and analysis The Evaluation of Cost of Nosocomial Infection study (ECONI) is an observational incidence survey with record linkage and a nested case-control study that will include postdischarge longitudinal follow-up and qualitative interviews. ECONI will be conducted in one large teaching hospital and one district general hospital in NHS Scotland. The case mix of these hospitals reflects the majority of overnight admissions within Scotland. An incidence survey will record all HAI cases using standard case definitions. Subsequent linkage to routine data sets will provide information on an admission cohort which will be grouped into HAI and non-HAI cases. The case-control study will recruit eligible patients who develop HAI and twice that number without HAI as controls. Patients will be asked to complete five questionnaires: the first during their stay, and four others during the year following discharge from their recruitment admission (1, 3, 6 and 12 months). Multiple data collection methods will include clinical case note review; patient-reported outcome; linkage to electronic health records and qualitative interviews. Outcomes collected encompass infection types; morbidity and mortality; length of stay; quality of life; healthcare utilisation; repeat admissions and postdischarge prescribing. Ethics and dissemination The study has received a favourable ethical opinion from the Scotland A Research Ethics Committee (reference 16/SS/0199). All publications arising from this study will be published in open-access peer-reviewed journal. Lay-person summaries will be published on the ECONI website. Trial registration number NCT03253640; Pre-results

A Descriptive Study of Nosocomial Infections in an Adult Intensive Care Unit in Fiji: 2011-12

Copyright © 2014 Keshni Naidu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Nosocomial infections in an intensive care unit (ICU) are common and associated with a high mortality but there are no published data from the Oceania region. A retrospective study in Fiji’s largest ICU (2011-12) reported that 114 of a total 663 adult ICU admissions had bacteriological culture-confirmed nosocomial infection. The commonest sites of infection were respiratory and bloodstream. Gram negative bacteria were the commonest pathogens isolated, especially Klebsiella pneumoniae (extended-spectru

Nosocomial infection update.

Historically, staphylococci, pseudomonads, and Escherichia coli have been the nosocomial infection troika; nosocomial pneumonia, surgical wound infections, and vascular access-related bacteremia have caused the most illness and death in hospitalized patients; and intensive care units have been the epicenters of antibiotic resistance. Acquired antimicrobial resistance is the major problem, and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is the pathogen of greatest concern. The shift to outpatient care is leaving the most vulnerable patients in hospitals. Aging of our population and increasingly aggressive medical and surgical interventions, including implanted foreign bodies, organ transplantations, and xenotransplantation, create a cohort of particularly susceptible persons. Renovation of aging hospitals increases risk of airborne fungal and other infections. To prevent and control these emerging nosocomial infections, we need to increase national surveillance, "risk adjust" infection rates so that interhospital comparisons are valid, develop more noninvasive infection-resistant devices, and work with health-care workers on better implementation of existing control measures such as hand washing