19 research outputs found
Physical-layer Network Coding for Cooperative Wireless Networks
As a newly-emerged paradigm in the networking techniques, physical-layer network coding (PNC) [1, 5] takes advantage of the superimposition of the electromagnetic waves, and embraces the interference which was typically deemed as harmful, by performing exclusive-or mapping. Therefore, the spectral efficiency is utilized, which in turn boosts the network throughput. In the classical 2-way relay channel (2-WRC), PNC only spends two channel uses for the bi-directional data exchange. However, one challenge for such a paradigm is that the singular fading states in the uplink of 2-WRC, might result in ambiguity for decoding the network coded symbol. One major focus of this thesis is to address the fading issue for PNC in the 2-WRC. Another fundamental challenge for PNC is to extend the PNC from the 2-WRC to a multi-user network such as the multi-way relay channel (M-WRC) or the hierarchical wireless network (HWN). To tackle these two fundamental challenges of PNC, several solutions are proposed in this thesis, which are summarized as follows: First, we introduce two efficient fading correction strategies, i.e., the rotationally-invariant coded modulation and the soft-bit correction. Second, a novel multilevel coded linear PNC scheme with extended mapping for the Rayleigh fading 2-WRC is proposed. Third, we design a new type of linear PNC for the Rayleigh fading 2-WRC, based on rings. We refer to such design as linear PNC over the hybrid finite ring. Fourth, we redesign PNC for the HWN, which facilitates the multi-user data exchange. To combat the co-channel interference introduced by multi-user data exchange, two efficient interference exploitation strategies based on network coding are proposed: 1) PNC with joint decoding; and 2) analogue network coding with interference-aware maximum likelihood detection. Finally, we propose a multilevel coded LPNC for the data exchange in the M-WRC
Full duplex-transceivers : architectures and performance analysis
PhD ThesisThe revolution of the 5G communication systems will result in 10,000 times increase
in the total mobile broadband traffic in the 2020s, which will increase the
demand on the limited wireless spectrum. This has highlighted the need for an
efficient frequency-reuse technique that can meet the ever-increasing demand on
the available frequency resources. In-band full-duplex (FD) wireless technology
that enables the transceiver nodes to transmit and receive simultaneously over the
same frequency band, has gained tremendous attention as a promising technology
to double the spectral efficiency of the traditional half-duplex (HD) systems. However,
this technology faces a formidable challenge, that is the large power difference
between the self-interference (SI) signal and the signal of interest from a remote
transceiver node. In this thesis, we focus on the architecture of the FD transceivers
and investigate their ability to approximately double the throughput and the spectral
efficiency of the conventional HD systems. Moreover, this thesis is concerned with
the design of efficient self-interference cancellation schemes that can be combined
with the architecture of the FD transceiver nodes in order to effectively suppress the
SI signal and enable the FD mode. In particular, an orthogonal frequency-division
multiplexing (OFDM) based amplify-and-forward (AF) FD physical-layer network
coding (PLNC) system is proposed. To enable the FD mode in the proposed system,
a hybrid SIC scheme that is a combination of passive SIC mechanism and
active SIC technique is exploited at each transceiver node of that system. Next, we
propose an adaptive SIC scheme, which utilizes the normalized least-mean-square
(NLMS) algorithm to effectively suppress the SI signal to the level of the noise
floor. The proposed adaptive SIC is then utilized in a denoise-and-forward (DNF)
FD-PLNC system to enable the FD mode. Finally, we introduce a novel overthe-
air SIC scheme that can effectively mitigate the SI signal before it arrives the
local analog-to-digital converter (ADC) of the FD transceiver nodes. Furthermore,
the impact of the hardware impairments on the performance of the introduced SIC
scheme is examined and characterized.Iraq, and the Ministry of
Higher Education and Scientific Research (MOHSR
Physical layer network coding based communication systems in frequency selective channels
PhD ThesisThe demand for wireless communications is growing every day which requiresmore
speed and bandwidth. In two way relay networks (TWRN), physical
layer network coding (PLNC) was proposed to double the bandwidth. A
TWRN is a system where two end users exchange data through a middle node
called the relay. The two signals are allowed to be physically added before being
broadcasted back to the end users. This system can work smoothly in flat
fading channels, but can not be applied straightforward in frequency selective
channels. In a multipath multi-tap FIR channel, the inter-symbol interference
(ISI) spreads through several symbols. In this case, the symbols at the relay
are not just an addition of the sent symbols but also some of the previous
symbols from both sides. This not only causes a traditional PLNC to fail but
also a simple one equalizer system will not solve the problem. Three main
methods have been proposed by other researchers. The OFDM based PLNC
is the simplest in terms of implementation and complexity but suffers from
the disadvantages of the OFDMlike cyclic prefix overhead and frequency offset.
The main disadvantage, however is the relatively low BER performance
because it is restricted to linear equalizers in the PLNC system. Another
approach is pre-filtering or pre-equalization. This method also has some disadvantages
like complexity, sensitivity to channel variation and the need of
a feedback channel for both end nodes. Finally, the maximum likelihood
sequence detector was also proposed but is restricted to BPSK modulation
and exponentially rising complexity are major drawbacks. The philosophy in
this work is to avoid these disadvantages by using a time domain based system.
The DFE is the equalizer of choice here because it provides a non-trivial
BER performance improvement with very little increase in complexity. In
this thesis, the problem of frequency selective channels in PLNC systems can
be solved by properly adjusting the design of the system including the DFE.
The other option is to redesign the equalizer to meet that goal. An AF DFE
system is proposed in this work that provides very low complexity especially
at the relay with little sensitivity to channel changes. A multi-antenna DNF
DFE system is also proposed here with an improved performance. Finally, a
new equalizer is designed for very low complexity and cost DNF approach
with little sacrifice of BER performance. Matlab was used for the simulations
with Monte Carlo method to verify the findings of this work through finding
the BER performance of each system. This thesis opens the door for future
improvement on the PLNC system. More research needs to be done like testing
the proposed systems in real practical implementation and also the effect
of adding channel coding to these systems.Iraqi Government, Ministry of
Higher Educatio
Advanced Trends in Wireless Communications
Physical limitations on wireless communication channels impose huge challenges to reliable communication. Bandwidth limitations, propagation loss, noise and interference make the wireless channel a narrow pipe that does not readily accommodate rapid flow of data. Thus, researches aim to design systems that are suitable to operate in such channels, in order to have high performance quality of service. Also, the mobility of the communication systems requires further investigations to reduce the complexity and the power consumption of the receiver. This book aims to provide highlights of the current research in the field of wireless communications. The subjects discussed are very valuable to communication researchers rather than researchers in the wireless related areas. The book chapters cover a wide range of wireless communication topics
Advanced Signal Processing Techniques for Two-Way Relaying Networks and Full-Duplex Communication Systems
Sehr hohe Datenraten und ständig verfügbare Netzabdeckung in
zukünftigen drahtlosen Netzwerken erfordern neue Algorithmen auf der
physischen Schicht. Die Nutzung von Relais stellt ein vielversprechendes
Verfahren dar, da die Netzabdeckung gesteigert werden kann. Zusätzlich
steht hierdurch im Vergleich zu Kupfer- oder Glasfaserleitungen eine
preiswerte Lösung zur Anbindung an die Netzinfrastruktur zur Verfügung.
Traditionelle Einwege-Relais-Techniken (One-Way Relaying [OWR]) nutzen
Halbduplex-Verfahren (HD-Verfahren), welche das Übertragungssystem
ausbremst und zu spektralen Verlusten führt. Einerseits erlauben es
Zweiwege-Relais-Techniken (Two-Way Relaying [TWR]), simultan sowohl an das
Relais zu senden als auch von diesem zu empfangen, wodurch im Vergleich zu
OWR das Spektrum effizienter genutzt wird. Aus diesem Grunde untersuchen
wir Zweiwege-Relais und im Speziellen TWR-Systeme für den
Mehrpaar-/Mehrnutzer-Betrieb unter Nutzung von Amplify-and-forward-Relais
(AF-Relais). Derartige Szenarien leiden unter Interferenzen zwischen Paaren
bzw. zwischen Nutzern. Um diesen Interferenzen Herr zu werden, werden
hochentwickelte Signalverarbeitungsalgorithmen – oder in anderen Worten
räumliche Mehrfachzugriffsverfahren (Spatial Division Multiple Access
[SDMA]) – benötigt. Andererseits kann der spektrale Verlust durch den
HD-Betrieb auch kompensiert werden, wenn das Relais im Vollduplexbetrieb
arbeitet. Nichtsdestotrotz ist ein FD-Gerät in der Praxis aufgrund starker
interner Selbstinterferenz (SI) und begrenztem Dynamikumfang des
Tranceivers schwer zu realisieren. Aus diesem Grunde sollten
fortschrittliche Verfahren zur SI-Ünterdrückung entwickelt werden. Diese
Dissertation trägt diesen beiden Zielen Rechnung, indem optimale und/oder
effiziente algebraische Lösungen entwickelt werden, welche verschiedenen
Nutzenfunktionen, wie Summenrate und minimale Sendeleistung, maximieren.Im
ersten Teil studieren wir zunächst Mehrpaar-TWR-Netzwerke mit einem
einzelnen Mehrantennen-AF-Relais. Dieser Anwendungsfall kann auch so
betrachtet werden, dass sich mehrere verschiedene Dienstoperatoren Relais
und Spektrum teilen, wobei verschiedene Nutzerpaare zu verschiedenen
Dienstoperatoren gehören. Aktuelle Ansätzen zielen auf
Interferenzunterdrückung ab. Wir schlagen ein auf Projektion basiertes
Verfahren zur Trennung mehrerer Dienstoperatoren (projection based
separation of multiple operators [ProBaSeMO]) vor. ProBaSeMO ist leicht
anpassbar für den Fall, dass jeder Nutzer mehrere Antennen besitzt oder
unterschiedliche Systemdesignkriterien angewendet werden müssen. Als
Bewertungsmaßstab für ProBaSeMO entwickeln wir optimale Algorithmen zur
Maximierung der Summenrate, zur Minimierung der Sendeleistung am Relais
oder zur Maximierung des minimalen
Signal-zu-Interferenz-und-Rausch-Verhältnisses (Signal to Interference and
Noise Ratio [SINR]) am Nutzer. Zur Maximierung der Summenrate wurden
spezifische gradientenbasierte Methoden entwickelt, die unabhängig davon
sind, ob ein Nutzer mit einer oder mehr Antennen ausgestattet ist. Um im
Falle eines „Worst-Case“ immer noch eine polynomielle Laufzeit zu
garantieren, entwickelten wir einen Algorithmus mit polynomieller Laufzeit.
Dieser ist inspiriert von der „Polynomial Time Difference of Convex
Functions“-Methode (POTDC-Methode). Bezüglich der Summenrate des Systems
untersuchen wir zuletzt, welche Bedingungen erfüllt sein müssen, um einen
Gewinn durch gemeinsames Nutzen zu erhalten. Hiernach untersuchen wir die
Maximierung der Summenrate eines Mehrpaar-TWR-Netzwerkes mit mehreren
Einantennen-AF-Relais und Einantennen-Nutzern. Das daraus resultierende
Problem der Summenraten-Maximierung, gebunden an eine bestimmte
Gesamtsendeleistung aller Relais im Netzwerk, ist ähnlich dem des
vorangegangenen Szenarios. Dementsprechend kann eine optimale Lösung für
das eine Szenario auch für das jeweils andere Szenario genutzt werden.
Weiterhin werden basierend auf dem Polynomialzeitalgorithmus global
optimale Lösungen entwickelt. Diese Lösungen sind entweder an eine
maximale Gesamtsendeleistung aller Relais oder an eine maximale
Sendeleistung jedes einzelnen Relais gebunden. Zusätzlich entwickeln wir
suboptimale Lösungen, die effizient in ihrer Laufzeit sind und eine
Approximation der optimalen Lösung darstellen. Hiernach verlegen wir unser
Augenmerk auf ein Mehrpaar-TWR-Netzwerk mit mehreren Mehrantennen-AF-Relais
und mehreren Repeatern. Solch ein Szenario ist allgemeiner, da die
vorherigen beiden Szenarien als spezielle Realisierungen dieses Szenarios
aufgefasst werden können. Das Interferenz-Management in diesem Szenario
ist herausfordernder aufgrund der vorhandenen Repeater.
Interferenzneutralisierung (IN) stellt eine Lösung dar, um diese Art
Interferenz zu handhaben. Im Zuge dessen werden notwendige und ausreichende
Bedingungen zur Aufhebung der Interferenz hergeleitet. Weiterhin wird ein
Framework entwickelt, dass verschiedene Systemnutzenfunktionen optimiert,
wobei IN im jeweiligen Netzwerk vorhanden sein kann oder auch nicht. Dies
ist unabhängig davon, ob die Relais einer maximalen Gesamtsendeleistung
oder einer individuellen maximalen Sendeleistung unterliegen. Letztendlich
entwickeln wir ein Übertragungsverfahren sowie ein Vorkodier- und
Dekodierverfahren für Basisstationen (BS) in einem TWR-assistierten
Mehrbenutzer-MIMO-Downlink-Kanal. Im Vergleich mit dem
Mehrpaar-TWR-Netzwerk leidet dieses Szenario unter Interferenzen zwischen
den Kanälen. Wir entwickeln drei suboptimale Algorithmen, welche auf
Kanalinversion basieren. ProBaSeMO und „Zero-Forcing Dirty Paper
Coding“ (ZFDPC), welche eine geringe Zeitkomplexität aufweisen, schaffen
eine Balance zwischen Leistungsfähigkeit und Komplexität. Zusätzlich
gibt es jeweils nur geringe Einbrüche in stark beanspruchten
Kommunikationssystemen.Im zweiten Teil untersuchen wir Techniken zur
SI-Unterdrückung, um den FD-Gewinn in einem Punkt-zu-Punkt-System
auszunutzen. Zunächst entwickeln wir ein Übertragungsverfahren, dass auf
SI Rücksicht nimmt und die SI-Unterdrückung gegen den Multiplexgewinn
abwägt. Die besten Ergebnisse werden durch die perfekte Kenntnis des
Kanals erzielt, was praktisch nicht genau der Fall ist. Aus diesem Grund
werden Übertragungstechniken für den „Worst Case“ entwickelt, die den
Kanalschätzfehlern Rechnung tragen. Diese Fehler werden deterministisch
modelliert und durch Ellipsoide beschränkt. In praktischen Szenarien ist
der HF-Schaltkreise nicht perfekt. Dies hat Einfluss auf die Verfahren zur
SI-Unterdrückung und führt zu einer Restselbstinterferenz. Wir entwickeln
effiziente Übertragungstechniken mittels Beamforming, welche auf dem
Signal-zu-Verlust-und-Rausch-Verhältnis (signal to leakage plus noise
ratio [SLNR]) aufbauen, um Unvollkommenheiten der HF-Schaltkreise
auszugleichen. Zusätzlich können alle Designkonzepte auf FD-OWR-Systeme
erweitert werden.To enable ultra-high data rate and ubiquitous coverage in future wireless
networks, new physical layer techniques are desired. Relaying is a
promising technique for future wireless networks since it can boost the
coverage and can provide low cost wireless backhauling solutions, as
compared to traditional wired backhauling solutions via fiber and copper.
Traditional one-way relaying (OWR) techniques suffer from the spectral loss
due to the half-duplex (HD) operation at the relay. On one hand, two-way
relaying (TWR) allows the communication partners to transmit to and/or
receive from the relay simultaneously and thus uses the spectrum more
efficiently than OWR. Therefore, we study two-way relays and more
specifically multi-pair/multi-user TWR systems with amplify-and-forward
(AF) relays. These scenarios suffer from inter-pair or inter-user
interference. To deal with the interference, advanced signal processing
algorithms, in other words, spatial division multiple access (SDMA)
techniques, are desired. On the other hand, if the relay is a full-duplex
(FD) relay, the spectral loss due to a HD operation can also be
compensated. However, in practice, a FD device is hard to realize due to
the strong loop-back self-interference and the limited dynamic range at the
transceiver. Thus, advanced self-interference suppression techniques should
be developed. This thesis contributes to the two goals by developing
optimal and/or efficient algebraic solutions for different scenarios
subject to different utility functions of the system, e.g., sum rate
maximization and transmit power minimization. In the first part of this
thesis, we first study a multi-pair TWR network with a multi-antenna AF
relay. This scenario can be also treated as the sharing of the relay and
the spectrum among multiple operators assuming that different pairs of
users belong to different operators. Existing approaches focus on
interference suppression. We propose a projection based separation of
multiple operators (ProBaSeMO) scheme, which can be easily extended when
each user has multiple antennas or when different system design criteria
are applied. To benchmark the ProBaSeMO scheme, we develop optimal relay
transmit strategies to maximize the system sum rate, minimize the required
transmit power at the relay, or maximize the minimum signal to interference
plus noise ratio (SINR) of the users. Specifically for the sum rate
maximization problem, gradient based methods are developed regardless
whether each user has a single antenna or multiple antennas. To guarantee a
worst-case polynomial time solution, we also develop a polynomial time
algorithm which has been inspired by the polynomial time difference of
convex functions (POTDC) method. Finally, we analyze the conditions for
obtaining the sharing gain in terms of the sum rate. Then we study the sum
rate maximization problem of a multi-pair TWR network with multiple single
antenna AF relays and single antenna users. The resulting sum rate
maximization problem, subject to a total transmit power constraint of the
relays in the network, yields a similar problem structure as in the
previous scenario. Therefore the optimal solution for one scenario can be
used for the other. Moreover, a global optimal solution, which is based on
the polyblock approach, and several suboptimal solutions, which are more
computationally efficient and approximate the optimal solution, are
developed when there is a total transmit power constraint of the relays in
the network or each relay has its own transmit power constraint. We then
shift our focus to a multi-pair TWR network with multiple multi-antenna AF
relays and multiple dumb repeaters. This scenario is more general because
the previous two scenarios can be seen as special realizations of this
scenario. The interference management in this scenario is more challenging
due to the existence of the repeaters. Interference neutralization (IN) is
a solution for dealing with this kind of interference. Thereby, necessary
and sufficient conditions for neutralizing the interference are derived.
Moreover, a general framework to optimize different system utility
functions in this network with or without IN is developed regardless
whether the AF relays in the network have a total transmit power limit or
individual transmit power limits. Finally, we develop the relay transmit
strategy as well as base station (BS) precoding and decoding schemes for a
TWR assisted multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) downlink channel. Compared to the
multi-pair TWR network, this scenario suffers from the co-channel
interference. We develop three suboptimal algorithms which are based on
channel inversion, ProBaSeMO and zero-forcing dirty paper coding (ZFDPC),
which has a low computational complexity, provides a balance between the
performance and the complexity, and suffers only a little when the system
is heavily loaded, respectively.In the second part of this thesis, we
investigate self-interference (SI) suppression techniques to exploit the FD
gain for a point-to-point MIMO system. We first develop SI aware transmit
strategies, which provide a balance between the SI suppression and the
multiplexing gain of the system. To get the best performance, perfect
channel state information (CSI) is needed, which is imperfect in practice.
Thus, worst case transmit strategies to combat the imperfect CSI are
developed, where the CSI errors are modeled deterministically and bounded
by ellipsoids. In real word applications, the RF chain is imperfect. This
affects the performance of the SI suppression techniques and thus results
in residual SI. We develop efficient transmit beamforming techniques, which
are based on the signal to leakage plus noise ratio (SLNR) criterion, to
deal with the imperfections in the RF chain. All the proposed design
concepts can be extended to FD OWR systems
Timing and Carrier Synchronization in Wireless Communication Systems: A Survey and Classification of Research in the Last 5 Years
Timing and carrier synchronization is a fundamental requirement for any wireless communication system to work properly. Timing synchronization is the process by which a receiver node determines the correct instants of time at which to sample the incoming signal. Carrier synchronization is the process by which a receiver adapts the frequency and phase of its local carrier oscillator with those of the received signal. In this paper, we survey the literature over the last 5 years (2010–2014) and present a comprehensive literature review and classification of the recent research progress in achieving timing and carrier synchronization in single-input single-output (SISO), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), cooperative relaying, and multiuser/multicell interference networks. Considering both single-carrier and multi-carrier communication systems, we survey and categorize the timing and carrier synchronization techniques proposed for the different communication systems focusing on the system model assumptions for synchronization, the synchronization challenges, and the state-of-the-art synchronization solutions and their limitations. Finally, we envision some future research directions