Nonclassical Symmetries of a Power Law Harry Dym Equation

It is generally known that classical point and potential Lie symmetries of differential equations can be different. In a recent paper, we were able to show for a class of nonlinear diffusion equation that the nonclassical potential symmetries possess all nonclassical symmetries of the original equation. We question whether this is true for the power law Harry Dym equation. In this paper, we show that the nonclassical symmetries of the power law Harry Dym equation and an equivalent system still possess special separate symmetries. However, we will show that we can extend the nonclassical method so that all nonclassical symmetries of the original power law Harry Dym equation can be obtained through the equivalent system

Sistemas de Lie, simetrías de Lie y transformaciones recíprocas

[ES]En esta tesis, estamos interesados en sistemas de interés físico y matemático, descritos por medio de ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias y en derivadas parciales. Como es bien sabido, gran parte de los fenómenos naturales pueden modelizarse a través de estas ecuaciones. Por ejemplo, las cuatro ecuaciones de la Electrodinámica de Maxwell, o las ecuaciones de Einstein son ecuaciones diferenciales. Vamos a centrar nuestra investigación en dos tipos de sistemas: los llamados sistemas de Lie, muy recurrentes en la literatura, dadas sus múltiples propiedades geométricas y las ecuaciones diferenciales en derivadas parciales que aparecen en modelos físicos como los pertenecientes a la Mecánica de Fluidos, Física del Plasma o la Neurociencia, entre otros. Dada la importancia de los métodos geométricos en el tratamiento de ecuaciones diferenciales, vamos a formular nuestra investigación desde el punto de vista de la geometría diferencial

Nonclassical Symmetries of a Power Law Harry Dym Equation

It is generally known that classical point and potential Lie symmetries of differential equations can be different. In a recent paper, we were able to show for a class of nonlinear diffusion equation that the nonclassical potential symmetries possess all nonclassical symmetries of the original equation. We question whether this is true for the power law Harry Dym equation. In this paper, we show that the nonclassical symmetries of the power law Harry Dym equation and an equivalent system still possess special separate symmetries. However, we will show that we can extend the nonclassical method so that all nonclassical symmetries of the original power law Harry Dym equation can be obtained through the equivalent system

Applications of symbolic computing for symmetry analysis of differential equations

 This thesis presents a number of applications of symbolic computing to the study of differential equations. In particular, three packages have been produced for the computer algebra system MAPLE and used to find a variety of symmetries (and corresponding invariant solutions) for a range of differential systems

Methods of symmetry reduction and their application

In this thesis methods of symmetry reduction are applied to several physically relevant partial differential equations. The first chapter serves to acquaint the reader with the symmetry methods used in this thesis. In particular the classical method of Lie, an extension of it by Bluman and Cole [1969], known as the nonclassical method, and the direct method of Clarkson and Kruskal [1989] are described. Other known extensions of these methods are outlined, including potential symmetries, introduced by Bluman, Kumei and Reid [1988]. Also described are the tools used in practice to perform the calculations. The remainder of the thesis is split into two parts. In Part One the classical and nonclassical methods are applied to three classes of scalar equation: a generalised Boussinesq equation, a class of third order equations and a class of fourth order equations. Many symmetry reductions and exact solutions are found. In Part Two each of the classical, nonclassical and direct methods are applied to various systems of partial differential equations. These include shallow water wave systems, six representations of the Boussinesq equation and a reaction-diffusion equation written as a system. In Chapters Five and Six both the actual application of these methods and their results is compared and contrasted. In such applications, remarkable phenomena can occur, in both the nonclassical and direct methods. In particular it is shown that the application of the direct method to systems of equations is not as conceptually straightforward as previously thought, and a way of completing the calculations of the nonclassical method via hodograph transformations is introduced. In Chapter Seven it is shown how more symmetry reductions may be found via nonclassical potential symmetries, which are a new extension on the idea of potential symmetries. In the final chapter the relationship between the nonclassical and direct methods is investigated in the light of the previous chapters. The thesis is concluded with some general remarks on its findings and on possible future work

Non-asymptotic quantum metrology: extracting maximum information from limited data

Science relies on our practical ability to extract information from reality, since processing this information is essential for developing theories that explain our world. This thesis is precisely the study of how to extract and process information using quantum systems when a constrained amount of resources means that the available data is limited. The natural framework for this task is quantum metrology, a set of tools to model and design quantum measurement strategies. Equipped with this theory, we advocate a Bayesian approach as the appropriate formalism to study systems with a finite amount of resources, which is a non-asymptotic problem, and we propose a methodology for non-asymptotic quantum metrology. To start with, we show the consistency of taking those solutions that are optimal in the asymptotic regime of many trials as a guide to calculate a generalised measure of uncertainty in the Bayesian framework. This provides an approximate but useful way of studying the non-asymptotic regime whenever a direct Bayesian optimisation is intractable, and it avoids non-physical results that can arise when only the asymptotic theory is employed. Secondly, we construct a new non-asymptotic Bayesian bound without relying on the previous approximation by first selecting the optimal quantum strategy for a single shot, and then simulating a sequence of repetitions of this scheme, which is suitable for experiments where we do not wish or cannot correlate different trials. These methods are applied to a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, which is a single-parameter problem, and to quantum sensing networks where the nodes are either qubits or optical modes, which are multi-parameter protocols. Our results provide a detailed characterisation of how the interplay between prior information, entanglement and a limited amount of data affects the performance of quantum metrology protocols, which has important implications for the analysis of theory and experiments in this field

Modelling and Adaptive Control; Proceedings of an IIASA Conference, Sopron, Hungary, July 1986

One of the main purposes of the workshop on Modelling and Adaptive Control at Sopron, Hungary, was to give an overview of both traditional and recent approaches to the twin theories of modelling and control which ultimately must incorporate some degree of uncertainty. The broad spectrum of processes for which solutions of some of these problems were proposed was itself a testament to the vitality of research on these fundamental issues. In particular, these proceedings contain new methods for the modelling and control of discrete event systems, linear systems, nonlinear dynamics and stochastic processes