Extraction of object image features with gradation contour

Image retrieval using features has been used in previous studies including shape, color, texture, but these features are lagging. With the selection of high-level features with contours, this research is done with the hypothesis that images on objects can also be subjected to representations that are commonly used in natural images. Considering the above matters, we need to research the feature extraction of object images using gradation contour. From the results of the gradation contour test results, there is linearity between the results of accuracy with the large number of images tested. Therefore, it can be said that the influence of the number of images will affect the accuracy of classification. The use of contour gradation can be accepted and treated equally in all image types, so there is no more differentiation between image features. The complexity of the image does not affect the method of extracting features that are only used uniquely by an image. From the results of testing the polynomial coefficient savings data as a result of the gradation contour, the highest result is 81.40% with the highest number of categories and the number of images tested in the category is also higher

An Extreme Learning Machine-Relevance Feedback Framework for Enhancing the Accuracy of a Hybrid Image Retrieval System

The process of searching, indexing and retrieving images from a massive database is a challenging task and the solution to these problems is an efficient image retrieval system. In this paper, a unique hybrid Content-based image retrieval system is proposed where different attributes of an image like texture, color and shape are extracted by using Gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), color moment and various region props procedure respectively. A hybrid feature matrix or vector (HFV) is formed by an integration of feature vectors belonging to three individual visual attributes. This HFV is given as an input to an Extreme learning machine (ELM) classifier which is based on a solitary hidden layer of neurons and also is a type of feed-forward neural system. ELM performs efficient class prediction of the query image based on the pre-trained data. Lastly, to capture the high level human semantic information, Relevance feedback (RF) is utilized to retrain or reformulate the training of ELM. The advantage of the proposed system is that a combination of an ELM-RF framework leads to an evolution of a modified learning and intelligent classification system. To measure the efficiency of the proposed system, various parameters like Precision, Recall and Accuracy are evaluated. Average precision of 93.05%, 81.03%, 75.8% and 90.14% is obtained respectively on Corel-1K, Corel-5K, Corel-10K and GHIM-10 benchmark datasets. The experimental analysis portrays that the implemented technique outmatches many state-of-the-art related approaches depicting varied hybrid CBIR system