Artificial intelligence and UK national security: Policy considerations

RUSI was commissioned by GCHQ to conduct an independent research study into the use of artificial intelligence (AI) for national security purposes. The aim of this project is to establish an independent evidence base to inform future policy development regarding national security uses of AI. The findings are based on in-depth consultation with stakeholders from across the UK national security community, law enforcement agencies, private sector companies, academic and legal experts, and civil society representatives. This was complemented by a targeted review of existing literature on the topic of AI and national security. The research has found that AI offers numerous opportunities for the UK national security community to improve efficiency and effectiveness of existing processes. AI methods can rapidly derive insights from large, disparate datasets and identify connections that would otherwise go unnoticed by human operators. However, in the context of national security and the powers given to UK intelligence agencies, use of AI could give rise to additional privacy and human rights considerations which would need to be assessed within the existing legal and regulatory framework. For this reason, enhanced policy and guidance is needed to ensure the privacy and human rights implications of national security uses of AI are reviewed on an ongoing basis as new analysis methods are applied to data

Big Data Security (Volume 3)

After a short description of the key concepts of big data the book explores on the secrecy and security threats posed especially by cloud based data storage. It delivers conceptual frameworks and models along with case studies of recent technology

The European Industrial Data Space (EIDS)

This research work has been performed in the framework of the Boost 4.0 Big Data lighthouse initiative, a project that has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 780732. This datadriven digital transformation research is also endorsed by the Digital Factory Alliance (DFA)The path that the European Commission foresees to leverage data in the best possible way for the sake of European citizens and the digital single market clearly addresses the need for a European Data Space. This data space must follow the rules, derived from European values. The European Data Strategy rests on four pillars: (1) Governance framework for access and use; (2) Investments in Europe’s data capabilities and infrastructures; (3) Competences and skills of individuals and SMEs; (4) Common European Data Spaces in nine strategic areas such as industrial manufacturing, mobility, health, and energy. The project BOOST 4.0 developed a prototype for the industrial manufacturing sector, called European Industrial Data Space (EIDS), an endeavour of 53 companies. The publication will show the developed architectural pattern as well as the developed components and introduce the required infrastructure that was developed for the EIDS. Additionally, the population of such a data space with Big Data enabled services and platforms is described and will be enriched with the perspective of the pilots that have been build based on EIDS.publishersversionpublishe

A Big Data Lake for Multilevel Streaming Analytics

Large organizations are seeking to create new architectures and scalable platforms to effectively handle data management challenges due to the explosive nature of data rarely seen in the past. These data management challenges are largely posed by the availability of streaming data at high velocity from various sources in multiple formats. The changes in data paradigm have led to the emergence of new data analytics and management architecture. This paper focuses on storing high volume, velocity and variety data in the raw formats in a data storage architecture called a data lake. First, we present our study on the limitations of traditional data warehouses in handling recent changes in data paradigms. We discuss and compare different open source and commercial platforms that can be used to develop a data lake. We then describe our end-to-end data lake design and implementation approach using the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) on the Hadoop Data Platform (HDP). Finally, we present a real-world data lake development use case for data stream ingestion, staging, and multilevel streaming analytics which combines structured and unstructured data. This study can serve as a guide for individuals or organizations planning to implement a data lake solution for their use cases.Comment: 6 page

Análisis comparativo entre el esquema de identidad digital de Perú y Corea del Sur enfocado en la identificación y autenticación de personas naturales

Digital identity is a collection of attributes that uniquely differentiate a person in their interaction with digital services. Literature and previous research suggest that it is an essential component in Digital Transformation and a vital element to strengthen digital trust. In that sense, governments should become aware of the importance of digital identity management, because it is embedded in almost everything we do outside and inside the digital environment. Consistent with the above, both the Republic of South Korea and the Republic of Peru have developed and implemented different policies, legal instruments, initiatives, digital technologies and data to manage people's digital identity. Although there are similarities between both schemes, there are different results in digital matters. Therefore, this study seeks to identify the components that have allowed South Korea to implement and maintain an inclusive, reliable and secure Digital Identity Scheme for the identification and authentication of people.La identidad digital es una colección de atributos que diferencian de manera única a una persona en su interacción con los servicios digitales. La literatura y previas investigaciones sugieren que es un componente esencial en la Transformación Digital y vital elemento para fortalecer la confianza digital. En ese sentido, los gobiernos deberían tomar conciencia de la importancia de la gestión de la identidad digital, debido a que esta embebida en casi todo lo que hacemos fuera y dentro del entorno digital. Consistente con lo anterior, tanto la República de Corea del Sur y la Republica del Perú han desarrollado e implementado diferentes políticas, instrumentos legales, iniciativas, tecnologías digitales y datos para gestionar la identidad digital de las personas. Aunque existen similitudes entre ambos esquemas, existen diferentes resultados en materia digital. Por lo expresado, este estudio busca identificar los componentes que han permitido a Corea del Sur implementar y mantener un Esquema de Identidad Digital inclusivo, confiable y seguro para la identificación y autenticación de personas.Corea del Sur. Korean Government. Capacity Improvement & Advancement for Tomorrow scholarship (CIAT)Tesi

Digital Identity Scheme

학위논문(석사) -- 서울대학교대학원 : 행정대학원 글로벌행정전공, 2023. 2. Junki Kim.디지털 아이덴티티는 디지털 서비스와의 상호작용에서 개인을 고유하게 차별화하는 속성을 의미한다. 따라서 디지털 아이덴티티 전략은 디지털 아이덴티티 라이프사이클을 관리하는 정책, 기술, 조직 및 프로세스의 잘 설계된 집합체이다. 이는 디지털 변환의 필수 요소이며 디지털 신뢰를 강화하기 위한 핵심 요소이다. 그런 맥락에서, 이 논문은 국가 차원에서 디지털 아이덴티티 체계를 관리하는 데 있어 어려움을 이해하는 것을 목표로 한다. 정확성, 포괄성, 안전성, 사용 가능한 디지털 ID의 이점은 공공 및 민간 부문, 아카데미 및 국제 조직에 의해 널리 인식되고 있다. 이와 더불어 COVID-19의 세계적인 확산으로 인해 사회적 거리두기 조치와 비대면 거래가 증가하면서, 우리는 정부와 기업에 의해 개발되는 디지털 인증 플랫폼이 발전하는 것을 볼 수 있다. 그 결과, 대한민국(이하 한국)과 페루와 같은 나라들은 핸드폰, 인공지능, 빅데이터, 상호운용성, 데이터센터와 같은 부상한 기술을 활용하여 식별 및 인증 프로세스의 효율성을 높이기 위해 서로 다른 종류의 이니셔티브와 플랫폼을 개발, 시행하고 있다. 이에 따라 현재까지 정부24를 전자정부 공식포털로, 디지털원패스(Digital ONEPASS)를 디지털인증플랫폼으로 구현해 시민 비대면 인증이 가능하도록 하고 있으며, 주민등록제도(RRS)도 한국 디지털 아이덴티티 제도의 핵심요소로 자리매김하고 있다. 이와 비슷하게 페루의 경우 기존의 전자정부 접근 방식이 디지털 정부라는 새로운 패러다임으로 변모하였다는 것과, 디지털 기술은 더 이상 기술적 문제가 아니라 정치, 법률, 협력적 문제라는 이해를 바탕으로 2018년 디지털 정부가 제정되었다. 디지털 정체성을 강화하기 위해 두 개의 디지털 플랫폼이 시행되고 있는데, 하나는 시민 지향의 단일 디지털 플랫폼(GOB.PE)이며, 다른 하나는 디지털 신원 확인 및 인증을 위한 국가 플랫폼(ID)이다. 두 플랫폼은 정부에 의해 유지되고 개발된다. 이처럼 한국과 페루의 정책 사이에 유사점이 있지만 결과는 다르다. 전자정부개발지수(EDGI)에서 한국은 세계 2위, 페루는 71위, 한국은 디지털 인증 플랫폼이 구현되어 있고, 정부24는 다양한 인증을 사용하고 있다. ONE PASS, KAKAO, 삼성 PASS 등 시민을 위한 간편하고 편리한 인증 방법이 사용된다. 또한 2021년까지 정부24를 통해 온라인으로 접수된 청원은 13202만 5035건에 달하며, 증명서와 문서는 시민이 직접 프린터를 통해 출력했다. 페루의 경우 디지털 아이덴티티 전략은 디지털 정부법이 규제하는 공공부문의 디지털 아이덴티티 프레임워크를 기반으로 정부가 기본적으로 주도하는 진행형 프로세스다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 한국의 디지털 아이덴티티 전략이 개인의 디지털 아이덴티티의 정확성, 포괄성, 보안성 및 사용성을 강화하기 위해 어떤 성과를 내고 있는지 중점적으로 살펴보려고 한다. 우리는 유엔과 경제협력개발기구(OECD)가 사용하는 프레임워크를 적용한 비교 프레임워크를 활용해 유사점과 차이점을 규명할 예정이다. 한국과 페루의 비교 연구를 수행하는 시의적절하다. 왜냐하면 페루는 한국의 디지털 아이덴티티 제도의 모범 사례와 좋은 교훈을 활용할 수 있고 더 나은 정책과 결정을 설계할 수 있기 때문이다. 본 연구에서는 한국과 페루의 ICT 전문가와 온라인 인터뷰를 통해 양국의 디지털 아이덴티티 체계에 대한 심층적인 이해를 창출하는 정성적 연구 방법을 활용하였다. 총 10명의 전문가를 인터뷰했는데, 전문가와의 인터뷰는 한국과 페루의 디지털 아이덴티티 진화에 대한 개요를 제공하고 페루의 디지털 아이덴티티 제도 구현 과정에서 발생하는 과제를 식별할 수 있다. 디지털 공공 서비스의 개발 및 제공을 지원하기 위한 강력하고 지속적인 디지털 리더십, 시의적절한 법적 프레임워크, 현대 ICT 기술이라는 세 가지 요소에서 큰 차이가 나타났음을 알 수 있었다. 하지만 이 연구결과는 또한 페루에서 디지털 아이덴티티 생태계를 조성하기 위한 목적으로 제도적 정비를 하고, 규제를 개선하며, 예산을 최적화한다면 큰 성과를 얻을 수 있음을 시사한다. 주요 키워드: 디지털 아이덴티티, 디지털 정부, 디지털 변환, 디지털 아이덴티티 전략Digital identity is the collection of attributes that uniquely differentiates a person in his interaction with digital services. The literature and previous research suggest that it is an essential component to the digital transformation and a vital element for strengthening the digital trust. Currently, due to worldwide spread of COVID-19, which has accelerated the digital transition in the public and private sector, the non-face-to-face transactions have been increased, coupled with cybercrimes such as identity theft, private data leakage, fraud, among other cybercrimes. In this sense, governments should become aware of the importance of digital identity management, because it is increasingly embedded in everything we do in our digital and offline life (WEF, Identity in the Digital World a new chapter in the social contract, 2018, p. 9). To deal with those issues and leverage all the potential of digital identity at national level, many countries implement a Digital Identity Scheme, which is a well-designed and articulated collection of policies, business rules, technologies, organizations, and processes in charge of governing the digital identity lifecycle to promote a digital society. Hence, countries such as The Republic of Korea (hereinafter, Korea) and The Republic of Peru (hereinafter, Peru) have been developed and implemented different kind of policies, legal instruments, initiatives, and digital technologies to enhance accessibility, efficiency and security of the identification and authentication process, for instance, Korea has issued the Electronic Government Law and implemented cross-platforms such as Government24 (정부24) as official electronic government portal, Digital ONEPASS (디지털원패스) as a digital authentication platform to enable a convenient no-face-to-face authentication of the citizens, Resident Registration System (RRS), as a fundamental national information system which manages and stores relevant personal information of Koreans, and Sharing Information System (행정정보공동이용시스템), as a interoperability platform to exchange information with governmental agencies. Moreover, Korea has a PKI Scheme which is divided into a National Public Key Infrastructure (NPKI), and a Government Public Key Infrastructure (GPKI). All these regulations, technologies and platforms are vital elements of the Korean Digital Identity Scheme. In the case of Peru, based on Law N° 26497 enacted in 1995, the government has been managing and maintaining the National Identification Registry of Peruvian. Moreover, since issuance of Digital Government Law in 2018, Peru has been implemented different kind of cross-platforms such as the Single Digital Platform for Citizen Orientation (GOB.PE), to offer one point of contact between government and citizens, National Interoperability Platform, to promote information exchange among public entities, the National Digital Government Platform, to provide cloud services to the public entities, and National Platform for Identification and Authentication of Digital Identity (ID.GOB.PE), to verify a persons identity. Although there are similarities, the outcomes are different, in the Electronic Government Development Index 2022, Korea is ranked 3rd in the world, while Peru is ranked 59th, from another side, in terms of digital identity, Korea has a digital identity ecosystem operating, for instance Government24 accepts several authentication methods which are easily and conveniently for the citizens such as ONEPASS, KAKAO, Samsung PASS, among others (MOIS, Status of Government 24, 2022). To 2021, almost 132,025,035 petitions were filed online through Government24 (MOIS, Status of Government 24, 2022). In the case of Peru, the digital identity scheme is an ongoing project, which is leading basically by the government, based on the Digital Government Law and its enforcement decree. In that vein, this research aims at understanding the components for governing and managing a Digital Identity Scheme in Korea and Peru and identifying the gap between them. Therefore, in this study we are going to focus on how the Digital Identity Scheme of Korea is performing to strengthen accuracy, inclusiveness, security, and usability of digital identity of persons. We are going to establish the similarities and differences by using a comparison framework which is an adaptation of the frameworks used by the United Nations (UN), International Telecommunication Union (UIT) and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Additionally, in this moment, undertaking a comparison study between Korea and Peru is a relevant work, because Peru is implementing transversal digital government platforms based on the Digital Government Law, and based on that we are dealing with cybercrimes and digital threats, that is why we can learn of the best practices and good lessons of the Digital Identity Scheme in Korea and design better policies and decisions for Peruvian implementation. This research was carried out by using a qualitative research method which involved online interviews with ICT specialists from Korea and Peru to generate an in-depth understanding of the digital identity scheme of both countries. A total of ten specialists were interviewed. Interviews provide an overview of the digital identity evolution in Korea and allow me to identify challenges and policy recommendations in the implementation process of Digital Identity Scheme in Peru. Based on the results the big differences are integrated in three factors: strong and continuous digital leadership, timely legal framework, and modern ICT technology to support development and public services rendering. However, the results also suggest that it is possible to get big achievements on the Digital Identity Scheme in Peru, making institutional arrangements, enhancing digital regulation and optimizing the budget with the purpose to create a sustainable digital identity ecosystem.ABSTRACT 5 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 9 LIST OF TABLES 9 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 12 1.1 STUDY BACKGROUND 12 1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE COUNTRIES 20 1.3 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 27 1.4 PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH 39 CHAPTER 2. KEY CONCEPTS AND FRAMEWORK 43 CHAPTER 3: LITERATURE REVIEW 77 CHAPTER 4: DIGITAL IDENTITY IN KOREA AND PERU 86 4.1 LEGAL FRAMEWORK 86 4.2 TECHNOLOGY 100 4.3 GOVERNANCE AND LEADERSHIP 116 4.4 BUDGET 120 4.5 MARKET 122 4.6 FINDINGS 122 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS 132 5.1 SUMMARY OF THE THESIS 132 5.2 POLICY COMPARISON 143 5.3 POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS 145 5.4 LIMITATIONS OF THE RESEARCH 150 REFERENCES 152 APPENDICES 158 APPENDIX 1. QUESTIONNAIRE 158 APPENDIX 2. MATRIZ OF COMPARISON 167석

Implementation of an information system for resource and process management in an industrial facility

The increasing investment in information systems for industrial production control, combined with the advent of the fourth industrial revolution, allows to improve decision making, providing a more efficient manufacturing process. However, for small and medium-sized enterprises in this sector, the complexity of existing solutions and the need to perform, in a preliminary phase, a substantial investment makes it difficult to implement these types of systems, accentuating, in terms of competitiveness, the gap between small and large companies. The proposed system, developed within the scope of this dissertation, aims to assist this types of companies, more specifically, a local business entity in the branch of the aeronautical industry, since it allows to optimize the monitoring of industrial resources and processes at the shop floor level. To support the design and implementation of the solution, an analysis on the operation of industrial facilities and techniques adopted in the field of industrial information systems is carried out. The entire development phase encompasses software engineering processes and culminates with the delivery of a prototype of a Spring web application, deployed on the partner entity’s server and positively evaluated in the execution of development and functional tests; Sumário: Implementação de sistema de informação para gestão de recursos e processos industriais O investimento crescente em sistemas de informação para controlo de produção industrial, aliado ao advento de uma quarta revolução industrial, permite aprimorar a tomada de decisões, proporcionando um processo de manufatura mais eficiente. No entanto, para pequenas e médias empresas deste sector, a complexidade das soluções existentes e a necessidade de efetuar um investimento preliminar substancial dificulta a implementação deste tipo de sistemas, acentuando, a discrepância competitiva entre pequenas e grandes empresas. O sistema proposto, desenvolvido no âmbito do trabalho da presente dissertação, visa auxiliar esta tipologia de empresas, mais concretamente, uma entidade empresarial local no ramo da indústria aeronáutica, na medida em que permite otimizar a monitorização de recursos e processos industriais ao nível do chão de fábrica. Para suporte da conceção e implementação da solução realiza-se uma análise do funcionamento de instalações industriais e de técnicas adotadas no domínio de sistemas de informação para aplicação industrial. A totalidade da fase de desenvolvimento engloba processos de engenharia de software e culmina com a entrega de um protótipo de uma aplicação web Spring, implantada no servidor da entidade parceira e, positivamente avaliada na execução de testes de desenvolvimento e funcionais

Insights on innovation management practices at T-Systems. Analysis of a new business model for identity services on public computer network systems

Projecte final de carrera fet en col.laboració amb T-Systems International GmbHCatalà: Aquesta monografia identifica elements de gestió de la innovació en una coneguda companyia alemanya del sector TIC (T-Systems International GmbH) i exerceix un anàlisi crític sobre ells a partir de l'estudi d'una iniciativa de negoci denominada Projecte CifraH (Citizen Interoperability Folder for Relationships based on Avatar Hosting per les seves sigles en anglès) originada en T-Systems ITC Iberia SAU, una unitat internacional de la companyia.Castellà: Esta monografía identifica elementos de gestión de la innovación en una conocida compañía alemana del sector TIC (T-Systems International GmbH) y los somete a un análisis crítico a partir del estudio de una iniciativa de negocio denominada Proyecto CifraH (Citizen Interoperability Folder for Relationships based on Avatar Hosting por sus siglas en inglés) llevada a cabo en T-Systems ITC Iberia SAU, una unidad internacional de la compañía.English: This monographic identifies innovation management elements at a major German IT services firm (T-Systems International GmbH) and subjects them to critical analysis through the study of a corporate business initiative known as Project CifraH (Citizen Interoperability Folder for Relationships based on Avatar Hosting) undertaken at an international subsidiary of the company