Nanoscience and Nano-Technology: Cracking Prodigal Farming

Nano-science coupled with nano-technology has emerged as possible cost-cutting measure to prodigal farming and environmental clean-up operations. It has ushered as a new interdisciplinary field by converging various science disciplines, and is highly relevant to agricultural and food systems. Environmental Protection Agency of USA defined nanotechnology as the understanding and control of matter at dimensions of roughly 1-100 nm, where unique physical properties make novel applications possible. By this definition all soil-clays, many chemicals derived from soil organic matter (SOM), several soil microorganisms fall into this category. Apart from native soil-materials, many new nanotech products are entering into soil system, some of which are used for agricultural production and some others for many other purposes.

Nano-science (also nanotechnology) has found applications in controlling release of nitrogen, characterization of soil minerals, studies of weathering of soil minerals and soil development, micro-morphology of soils, nature of soil rhizosphere, nutrient ion transport in soil-plant system, emission of dusts and aerosols from agricultural soil and their nature, zeoponics, and precision water farming. In its stride, nanotechnology converges soil mineralogy with imaging techniques, artificial intelligence, and encompass bio molecules and polymers with microscopic atoms and molecules, and macroscopic properties (thermodynamics) with microscopic properties (kinetics, wave theory, uncertainty principles, etc.), to name a few. 

Some of the examples include clinoloptolite and other zeolite based substrates, and Fe-, Mn-, and Cu- substituted synthetic hydroxyapatites that have made it possible to grow crops in space stations and at Antarctica. This has eliminated costs of repeated launching of space crafts. A disturbing fact is that the fertilizer use efficiency is 20-50 percent for nitrogen, and 10-25 percent for phosphorus (<1% for rock phosphate in alkaline calcareous soils). With nano-fertilizers emerging as alternatives to conventional fertilizers, build ups of nutrients in soils and thereby eutrophication and drinking water contamination may be eliminated. In fact, nano-technology has opened up new opportunities to improve nutrient use efficiency and minimize costs of environmental protection. It has helped to divulge to recent findings that plant roots and microorganisms can directly lift nutrient ions from solid phase of minerals (that includes so-called susceptible (i.e., easily weatherable, as well as non-susceptible minerals)

NANO TECHNOLOGY: A NEW THERAPEUTIC APPROACH FOR DIABETES

Nano technology an exciting area of scientific development offers ways to create smaller, cheaper, lighter devices that can help to do better. The current literature has recognized and reported many possibility and applications of nano technology. The medical applications of nano technology are tremendous and could give medicine including the treatment of diabetes a new therapeutic approach. The frequency of diabetes is growing rapidly all over the globe at an alarming rate. Hence, the application of nano technology plays a very vital role in diabetes. Nano technology is useful in detection of even very minute amounts of insulin and blood sugar levels in the body. The treatment of diabetes includes proper delivery of insulin into blood stream which can be attained by nano technology by developing oral insulin which can make patient comfortable and patient compliance. Development of artificial pancreas can also be accomplished by using nano technology. Silicon boxes can also be implanted under the skin of diabetic patient that could temporarily restore the bodies’ glucose feedback loop. Without the need of powerful immunosuppressant’s that is acquired by nano technology. Another important approach of nano technology is a nano pump which injects insulin to the patient’s body at a constant rate balancing the amount of sugar in blood. And also can administer the small drug doses over a prolong period of time. Therefore, nano technology a new mode of treatment may help in making the everyday lives of millions of diabetics patients more tolerable. Key words: Diabetes mellitus, nanotechnology and nanoparticals

The Effect Of Nano Technology Liquid Organic Fertilizer On The Growth Of Spinach (Amaranthus hybridus l.) Cultivated Hydroponically

Hydroponic cultivation using a wick system is one of the techniques used to increase the production of spinach (Amaranthus hybridus L.). One of the disadvantages of hydroponics is the occurrence of nutrient deposition, to reduce nutrient deposition in the wick system is to apply nanotechnology to break down particles in the planting medium and nutrients used, that the particles become smaller and more easily absorbed by plants, and reduce precipitation in the wick system. This research was conducted using the RAL method (Completely Randomized Design) which consisted of 6 treatments and 4 replications and namely Control (Well water + AB Mix), P1 (Nano technology water + 100% AB Mix), P2 (nano technology water + 25% POC+75% AB Mix), P3 (nano technology water+50% POC+50% AB Mix), P4 (nano technology water+75% POC+25% AB Mix), P5 (nano technology water+100% POC). The data obtained were analyzed by means of variance (ANOVA) and followed by the DMRT test at 5% level. The results of this study are that there is an effect of the use of nano technology liquid organic fertilizer on the growth of spinach which can be seen in the highest plant at P2 with 29.975 cm, the highest number of leaves is at P2 with 34 leaves, the highest leaf area is in the control with 13,71 cm2, the wet weight the highest was on P1 with 17 gr, the highest dry weight was on P2 with 1.3 gr. The use of nano technology liquid organic fertilizer has an influence on the growth of green spinach which is cultivated hydroponically

At source of nanotechnology

Nanotechnology is a broad field of modern science and also engineering, which creates, potentially, endless possibilities. This term is most often defined as the preparation and use of structures in which at least one dimension is expressed in nanometers. Usually, the dimensions of these structures are in the range from 1 to 100 nm (more often up to several hundred nm).The term nano-technology was used first time in 1974 by Japanese scientist Norio Taniguchi. He used the term to describe semiconductor processes. His definition of nano-technology was as follows: "Nano-technology mainly consists of the processing of separation, consolidation, and deformation of materials by one atom or one molecule".Nanotechnology is a broad field of modern science and also engineering, which creates, potentially, endless possibilities. This term is most often defined as the preparation and use of structures in which at least one dimension is expressed in nanometers. Usually, the dimensions of these structures are in the range from 1 to 100 nm (more often up to several hundred nm).The term nano-technology was used first time in 1974 by Japanese scientist Norio Taniguchi. He used the term to describe semiconductor processes. His definition of nano-technology was as follows: "Nano-technology mainly consists of the processing of separation, consolidation, and deformation of materials by one atom or one molecule"

The semantics of jitter in anticipating time itself within nano-technology

The development of nano-technology calls for a careful examination of anticipatory systems at this small scale. For the characteristics of time at the boundary between classical and quantum domains are quite critical for the advancement of the new technology. It has long been well recognised that time is not absolute even in classical subjects like navigation and dynamics where idealised concepts like mean solar time, International Atomic Time and Newton’s dynamical time have had to be used. Time is the data of the Universe and belongs in the semantics of its extensional form. At the boundary between classical and quantum behaviour the uncertainty of time data becomes a significant effect and this is why it is of great importance in nanotechnology, in areas such as the interoperability of different time domains in hardware, where noise in the form of jitter causes a system to behave in an unpredictable fashion, a severe and expensive problem for anticipating how time is to be handled. A fundamental difficulty is that jitter is represented using numbers, giving rise to undecidability and incompleteness according to Gödel’s theorems. To escape the clutches of Gödel undecidability it is necessary to advance to cartesian closed categories beyond the category of sets to represent the relationship between different times as adjoint endofunctors in monad and comonad constructions

KONSENTRASI DAN FREKUENSI PEMBERIAN PUPUK MAJEMUK BERTEKNOLOGI NANO UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL PANEN TANAMAN OKRA (Abelmoschus esculentus)

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) is a tropical vegetable with numerous benefits that can adapt to tropical climates. Meeting the demand for okra requires a technological package to enhance its crop yield. One approach to improving okra yield involves the use of economically efficient nano-technology compound fertilizers, which enhance nutrient absorption by plants through direct nutrient release absorbed by the plant roots. This research aims to investigate the interaction between the concentration and frequency of nano-technology compound fertilizer application on the growth and yield of red okra (Abelmoschus esculentus). The study employs a two-factor randomized block design. The first factor involves different concentrations of nano-technology compound fertilizer with four treatments: P1: 2 ml/L, P2: 4 ml/L, P3: 6 ml/L, and P4: 8 ml/L. The second factor pertains to the frequency of nano-technology compound fertilizer application with three treatments: S1: Irrigation once a week, S2: Irrigation twice a week, and S3: Irrigation thrice a week. Each treatment consists of three replications. Observational variables include plant height, leaf count, stem diameter, flower count, fruit count, fruit diameter, fruit length, and fruit weight. The results of this research: application of nano-technology compound fertilizer at a concentration of 2 ml/L with a frequency of thrice a week significantly promotes the growth in plant height and stem diameter of okra. Furthermore, the application of nano-technology compound fertilizer at a concentration of 6 ml/L with a frequency of thrice a week significantly influences fruit diameter, fruit length, and fruit weight in okra plants

The Effect of Nano Technology Liquid Organic Fertilizer on The Growth of Red Spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.) Cultivated Hydroponic

Hydroponic cultivation with a wick system is one of the techniques used to increase the production of red spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.). One of the weaknesses of hydroponics is the appearance of nutrient deposition. To reduce nutrient deposition in the wick system, it is necessary to apply nanotechnology to break down particles in the growth media and nutrients used so that the particles become smaller and are absorbed by plants more easily. Reduces precipitation in the wick system. This research was conducted using the RAL method (completely randomized design) which consisted of 6 treatments and 4 replications namely Control (Well Water + 100% AB Mix), P1 (Nano Technology Water + 100% AB Mix), P2 (Nano Technology Water + 25% POC+75% AB Mix), P3 (nano technology water+50% POC+50% AB Mix), P4 (nano technology water+75% POC+25% AB Mix), P5 (nano technology water+100% POC). The data obtained were analyzed with variance (ANOVA) followed by the DMRT test at 5% level. The results of this study were that the use of liquid organic fertilizer with nano technology had an effect on the growth of red spinach plants, this was seen in the highest plant in P4 with a plant height of 37.20 cm with the highest average number of leaves. at P4. Control and P1 with 28 leaves, the highest average leaf surface area was 19.95 cm2 in P3, the highest average wet weight was 2.85 g in the control, the highest average dry weight was in P1. 0.67g

Nano-technology: a Disruptive Technology?

The term "disruptive technology" as coined by Christensen (1997) refers to a new technology having lower cost and performance measured by traditional criteria, but having higher ancillary performance. Christensen finds that disruptive technologies may enter and expand emerging market niches, improving with time and ultimately attacking established products in their traditional markets. This conception, while useful, is also limiting in several important ways. By emphasizing only "attack from below" Christensen ignores other discontinuous patterns of change which may be of equal or greater importance (Utterback, 1994; Acee, 2001). Further, the true importance of disruptive technology, even in Christensen's conception of it is not that it may displace established products. Rather, it is a powerful means for enlarging and broadening markets and providing new functionality. In this paper nano-technologies will be considered in their roles as both disruptive and more broadly discontinuous or radical innovation. Various impacts will be assessed with emphasis on enlarged and new markets that may be created

Nano-Materials and Nano-Technology

Nano, a Greek word , means dwarf. Science has, however, given this dwarf a numerical value of "one billionth". A nanometer is thus one billionth of a meter, or 10A°.As a very general definition , materials/structures with one or more physical dimensions having the size of some nano-meters are now called nano-materials/ nano-structures. The processes utilized to create such materials/structures, and technologies to exploit these to fabricate devices with/ without integration with suitable micro/ macro dimension materials/ structures /devices are termed as nanotechnologies. With increasing use of the word NANO in popular science and consumer applications, sub-micron size materials and devices arealso loosely included in the nano-categories. Nano-materials are low dimensional materials which are classified by physicists as zero, one, or two dimensional, depending on whether three, two, or one dimensions are small enough in size (which is of course relative to the size of the probe entities) so that classical laws of physics are not applicable with confidence. Some typical examples of low dimensional materials and devices are listed in the following