Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Detection Algorithms for Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing

Since its invention, cellular communication has dramatically transformed personal lifes and the evolution of mobile networks is still ongoing. Evergrowing demand for higher data rates has driven development of 3G and 4G systems, but foreseen 5G requirements also address diverse characteristics such as low latency or massive connectivity. It is speculated that the 4G plain cyclic prefix (CP)-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) cannot sufficiently fulfill all requirements and hence alternative waveforms have been in-vestigated, where generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) is one popular option. An important aspect for any modern wireless communication system is the application of multi-antenna, i.e. MIMO techiques, as MIMO can deliver gains in terms of capacity, reliability and connectivity. Due to its channel-independent orthogonality, CP-OFDM straightforwardly supports broadband MIMO techniques, as the resulting inter-antenna interference (IAI) can readily be resolved. In this regard, CP-OFDM is unique among multicarrier waveforms. Other waveforms suffer from additional inter-carrier interference (ICI), inter-symbol interference (ISI) or both. This possibly 3-dimensional interference renders an optimal MIMO detection much more complex. In this thesis, weinvestigate how GFDM can support an efficient multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) operation given its 3-dimensional interference structure. To this end, we first connect the mathematical theory of time-frequency analysis (TFA) with multicarrier waveforms in general, leading to theoretical insights into GFDM. Second, we show that the detection problem can be seen as a detection problem on a large, banded linear model under Gaussian noise. Basing on this observation, we propose methods for applying both space-time code (STC) and spatial multiplexing techniques to GFDM. Subsequently, we propose methods to decode the transmitted signals and numerically and theoretically analyze their performance in terms of complexiy and achieved frame error rate (FER). After showing that GFDM modulation and linear demodulation is a direct application of Gabor expansion and transform, we apply results from TFA to explain singularities of the modulation matrix and derive low-complexity expressions for receiver filters. We derive two linear detection algorithms for STC encoded GFDM signals and we show that their performance is equal to OFDM. In the case of spatial multiplexing, we derive both non-iterative and iterative detection algorithms which base on successive interference cancellation (SIC) and minimum mean squared error (MMSE)-parallel interference cancellation (PIC) detection, respectively. By analyzing the error propagation of the SIC algorithm, we explain its significantly inferior performance compared to OFDM. Using feedback information from the channel decoder, we can eventually show that near-optimal GFDM detection can outperform an optimal OFDM detector by up to 3dB for high SNR regions. We conclude that GFDM, given the obtained results, is not a general-purpose replacement for CP-OFDM, due to higher complexity and varying performance. Instead, we can propose GFDM for scenarios with strong frequency-selectivity and stringent spectral and FER requirements

A generalized space-frequency index modulation scheme for downlink MIMO transmissions with improved diversity

Multidimensional Index Modulations (IM) are a novel alternative to conventional modulations which can bring considerable benefits for future wireless networks. Within this scope, in this paper we present a new scheme, named as Precoding-aided Transmitter side Generalized Space-Frequency Index Modulation (PT-GSFIM), where part of the information bits select the active antennas and subcarriers which then carry amplitude and phase modulated symbols. The proposed scheme is designed for multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) scenarios and incorporates a precoder which removes multiuser interference (MUI) at the receivers. Furthermore, the proposed PT-GSFIM also integrates signal space diversity (SSD) techniques for tackling the typical poor performance of uncoded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based schemes. By combining complex rotation matrices (CRM) and subcarrier-level interleaving, PT-GSFIM can exploit the inherent diversity in frequency selective channels and improve the performance without additional power or bandwidth. To support reliable detection of the multidimensional PT-GSFIM we also propose three different detection algorithms which can provide different tradeoffs between performance and complexity. Simulation results shows that proposed PT-GSFIM scheme, can provide significant gains over conventional MU-MIMO and GSM schemes.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Generalized feedback detection for spatial multiplexing multi-antenna systems

We present a unified detection framework for spatial multiplexing multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems by generalizing Heller’s classical feedback decoding algorithm for convolutional codes. The resulting generalized feedback detector (GFD) is characterized by three parameters: window size, step size and branch factor. Many existing MIMO detectors are turned out to be special cases of the GFD. Moreover, different parameter choices can provide various performance-complexity tradeoffs. The connection between MIMO detectors and tree search algorithms is also established. To reduce redundant computations in the GFD, a shared computation technique is proposed by using a tree data structure. Using a union bound based analysis of the symbol error rates, the diversity order and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gain are derived analytically as functions of the three parameters; for example, the diversity order of the GFD varies between 1 and N. The complexity of the GFD varies between those of the maximum-likelihood (ML) detector and the zero-forcing decision feedback detector (ZFDFD). Extensive computer simulation results are also provided

A universal space-time architecture for multiple-antenna aided systems

In this tutorial, we first review the family of conventional multiple-antenna techniques, and then we provide a general overview of the recent concept of the powerful Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) family based on a universal Space-Time Shift Keying (STSK) philosophy. When appropriately configured, the proposed STSK scheme has the potential of outperforming conventional MIMO arrangements

Layered Steered Space–Time-Spreading-Aided Generalized MC DS-CDMA

Abstract—We present a novel trifunctional multiple-input– multiple-output (MIMO) scheme that intrinsically amalgamates space–time spreading (STS) to achieve a diversity gain and a Vertical Bell Labs layered space–time (V-BLAST) scheme to attain a multiplexing gain in the context of generalized multicarrier direct-sequence code-division multiple access (MC DS-CDMA), as well as beamforming. Furthermore, the proposed system employs both time- and frequency-domain spreading to increase the number of users, which is also combined with a user-grouping technique to reduce the effects of multiuser interference

Design guidelines for spatial modulation

A new class of low-complexity, yet energyefficient Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) transmission techniques, namely the family of Spatial Modulation (SM) aided MIMOs (SM-MIMO) has emerged. These systems are capable of exploiting the spatial dimensions (i.e. the antenna indices) as an additional dimension invoked for transmitting information, apart from the traditional Amplitude and Phase Modulation (APM). SM is capable of efficiently operating in diverse MIMO configurations in the context of future communication systems. It constitutes a promising transmission candidate for large-scale MIMO design and for the indoor optical wireless communication whilst relying on a single-Radio Frequency (RF) chain. Moreover, SM may also be viewed as an entirely new hybrid modulation scheme, which is still in its infancy. This paper aims for providing a general survey of the SM design framework as well as of its intrinsic limits. In particular, we focus our attention on the associated transceiver design, on spatial constellation optimization, on link adaptation techniques, on distributed/ cooperative protocol design issues, and on their meritorious variants