Multiuser Detection Assisted Time- and Frequency-Domain Spread Multicarrier Code-Division Multiple-Access

In this contribution, we study a reduced-complexity multiuser detection aided multicarrier direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (MC DS-CDMA) scheme, which employs both time (T)-domain and frequency (F)-domain spreading. We investigate the achievable detection performance in the context of synchronous TF-domain spread MC DS-CDMA when communicating over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. Five detection schemes are investigated, which include the single-user correlation based detector, the joint TF-domain decorrelating multiuser detector (MUD), the joint TF-domain MMSEMUD, the separate TF-domain decorrelating/MMSE MUD, and the separate TF-domain MMSE/decorrelating MUD. Our simulation results show that the separate TF-domain MUD schemes are capable of achieving a similar bit error rate (BER) performance to that of the significantly more complex joint TF-domain MUD schemes. Index Terms—Code-division multiple-access (CDMA), decorrelating, frequency-domain spreading, joint detection, minimum mean square error (MMSE), multicarrier (MC), multiuser detection, separate detection, time-domain spreading

Modeling the user state for context-aware spoken interaction in ambient assisted living

Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) systems must provide adapted services easily accessible by a wide variety of users. This can only be possible if the communication between the user and the system is carried out through an interface that is simple, rapid, effective, and robust. Natural language interfaces such as dialog systems fulfill these requisites, as they are based on a spoken conversation that resembles human communication. In this paper, we enhance systems interacting in AAL domains by means of incorporating context-aware conversational agents that consider the external context of the interaction and predict the user's state. The user's state is built on the basis of their emotional state and intention, and it is recognized by means of a module conceived as an intermediate phase between natural language understanding and dialog management in the architecture of the conversational agent. This prediction, carried out for each user turn in the dialog, makes it possible to adapt the system dynamically to the user's needs. We have evaluated our proposal developing a context-aware system adapted to patients suffering from chronic pulmonary diseases, and provide a detailed discussion of the positive influence of our proposal in the success of the interaction, the information and services provided, as well as the perceived quality.This work was supported in part by Projects MINECO TEC2012-37832-C02-01, CICYT TEC2011-28626-C02- 02, CAM CONTEXTS (S2009/TIC-1485

Analysis and Design of Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) Techniques for Next Generation Wireless Communication Systems

The current surge in wireless connectivity, anticipated to amplify significantly in future wireless technologies, brings a new wave of users. Given the impracticality of an endlessly expanding bandwidth, there’s a pressing need for communication techniques that efficiently serve this burgeoning user base with limited resources. Multiple Access (MA) techniques, notably Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA), have long addressed bandwidth constraints. However, with escalating user numbers, OMA’s orthogonality becomes limiting for emerging wireless technologies. Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA), employing superposition coding, serves more users within the same bandwidth as OMA by allocating different power levels to users whose signals can then be detected using the gap between them, thus offering superior spectral efficiency and massive connectivity. This thesis examines the integration of NOMA techniques with cooperative relaying, EXtrinsic Information Transfer (EXIT) chart analysis, and deep learning for enhancing 6G and beyond communication systems. The adopted methodology aims to optimize the systems’ performance, spanning from bit-error rate (BER) versus signal to noise ratio (SNR) to overall system efficiency and data rates. The primary focus of this thesis is the investigation of the integration of NOMA with cooperative relaying, EXIT chart analysis, and deep learning techniques. In the cooperative relaying context, NOMA notably improved diversity gains, thereby proving the superiority of combining NOMA with cooperative relaying over just NOMA. With EXIT chart analysis, NOMA achieved low BER at mid-range SNR as well as achieved optimal user fairness in the power allocation stage. Additionally, employing a trained neural network enhanced signal detection for NOMA in the deep learning scenario, thereby producing a simpler signal detection for NOMA which addresses NOMAs’ complex receiver problem

Defining relationships between perceived leader authenticity, staff authenticity and instructional leadership in urban elementary schools

This study focused on the role of the elementary principal as the building\u27s instructional leader and the teachers\u27 perception of that role as it relates to a curriculum adoption. The Des Moines Independent Community School District of Des Moines, IA approved a districtwide elementary mathematics curriculum, based on the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics Standards (1989). The adoption represented a major shift in philosophy and approach from past district curricula. Initiatives were launched for staff development, teacher support and parent communication. These district efforts took place in a formal organizational structure of site-based management through shared decision-making (SBM/SDM);Teachers of grades one through five from twenty district elementary schools were surveyed for their input regarding their perceptions of the building principal as an authentic and effective leader. Questions concerning school instructional climate and teacher demographic background were also included. Principals of those twenty buildings were also asked to respond to the same survey;Results of the teachers\u27 surveys indicated a positive correlation between their perception of the building principal as an authentic/effective leader and the teachers\u27 attitude toward the success of the mathematics adoption. A significant difference was found between the teachers\u27 and their respective principals\u27 perceptions as to how well the principal played the role of instructional leader in the building. Only 2% of the teachers surveyed cited the principal as being the individual who had been most helpful to them with the adoption. Several teachers raised questions regarding the relevance of leadership questions to a study of the implementation of the adoption. Based on the conclusion that if instructional leadership does not take place with the principal, it will informally take place with a colleague or other source, the need to re-examine the formal role of principal is stated

Enabling emergent configurations in the industrial internet of things for oil and gas explorations : a survey

Abstract: Several heterogeneous, intelligent, and distributed devices can be connected to interact with one another over the Internet in what is termed internet of things (IoT). Also, the concept of IoT can be exploited in the industrial environment for enhancing the production of goods and services and for mitigating the risk of disaster occurrences. This application of IoT for enhancing industrial production is known as industrial IoT (IIoT). Emergent configuration (EC) is a technology that can be adopted to enhance the operation and collaboration of IoT connected devices in order to improve the efficiency of the connected IoT systems for maximum user satisfaction. To meet user goals, the connected devices are required to cooperate with one another in an adaptive, interoperable, and homogeneous manner. In this paper, a survey of the concept of IoT is presented in addition to a review of IIoT systems. The application of ubiquitous computing-aided software define networking (SDN)-based EC architecture is propounded for enhancing the throughput of oil and gas production in the maritime ecosystems by managing the exploration process especially in emergency situations that involve anthropogenic oil and gas spillages

The Negative Impact of TRIPS on Gender Rights in Access to Health and Food in India: A Study of the Dynamics of Knowledge Economy and Neo-Medieval Governance

Southern developing nations are increasingly emulating the knowledge economy followed by the developed nations of the North. This paradigm is characterized by the signature feature of the regime of TRIPS or individualized legal patents, particularly bio-patents developed through biotechnology in pharmaceutical and agriculture. It is also characterized by corporate social responsibility as a market mode of governance of development and increasing state retrenchment from delivery of public welfare. This form of economy is embedded in multilayered governance of neo-medieval governance where states and corporations tussle for the right to define growth and equity. This thesis argues that such a mode of economy and governance has failed to deliver equity for the marginalized poor women in India. This is explicated through four critical factors. First, there is increasing biopiracy of tribal women\u27s traditional knowledge and denuding of uncodified knowledge of tribal women due to land deprivation which in turn severely affects their health. Second, a thriving pharmaceutical sector has failed to deliver health equity for poor women, particularly by being engaged in creation of medicines that do not have relevance for the main disease profile of the poor - communicable diseases. Third, there is rise of non-communicable diseases of the poor. Patents act as legal barriers to access to medicine and severely impact the health of the poor. Fourth, the rise of Bt seeds in cash crop agriculture has meant that traditionally saved and used food crop seeds are being marginalized and there is a growing agrarian crisis for women who do not have control over land, seeds and seed technology. Fifth, poverty is on the rise which is a sure sign that equity has not trickled down. If the international society of states provides for customized patents for women\u27s traditional knowledge, women\u27s knowledge, health and food security would be better secured

The Role Of Assigning Arabic Language For Islamic Education Teachers

Islamic religious teacher plays the important role in forming the noble character generation. Because of the Islamic religious teacher teaches some of the material that related with forming the noble character, such as faith and morals, Koran/Hadith, Jurisprudence, Islamic Cultural History. All of the content of these subjects refers to many Arabic books. Thus, every Islamic religious education teacher should master Arabic well. However, there are still Islamic religious education teachers who have low proficiency in Arabic, thus affecting the low success of Islamic education teachers. The purpose of this study is to describe: 1). Competence of Islamic Education Teachers, 2). The existence of Arabic, 3). The role of mastery of Arabic for Islamic religious education teachers. This paper uses the literature method by presenting data in an analysis-descriptive manner. It can be concluded that the mastery of Islamic religious education teachers towards Arabic is very urgent, because: (1). Arabic is an entry point to explore Islamic religious education material properly, (2). Arabic is the key to analyzing the mindset of the sciences relevant to learning Islamic religious education. (3). Arabic becomes a filter to avoid misunderstanding of Islamic religious education material. The higher the mastery of Islamic religious education teachers towards Arabic, the more professionalism will be proven as teachers of Islamic religious education

Juridical Basis: Education Evaluation

Educational evaluation is an important part of the implementation of national education. This concept greatly influences the future of the national education system, because with the evaluation it will bring improvements to the past system to a better future system. As a country that has big aspirations in developing a national education system, certainly making educational evaluation a system that will participate in carrying out this mission. This study aims to reveal various juridical foundations that serve as the legal basis for conducting educational evaluations. The method used in this research is literature study, namely by gathering various information that can be obtained from books, journals, electronic, print and social media. The results of this study reveal that educational evaluation is an important part of the development and improvement of the national education system. In addition, education evaluation must be carried out in accordance with the standards set by the government through the ministry of education so that there is an even distribution of evaluation in all parts of the country

Creative Teacher And Teaching Creativity

The future of the nation is determined by the optimal role of teachers in educating children to become creative people in solving the nation's increasingly complex problems. The existence of teachers as professional educators has a moral responsibility in developing children's personalities, including improving the quality of creativity of students. For this reason, professional educators first need to understand and be skilled at developing the creativity of students in the learning process. Therefore, this paper seeks to explain how to become a creative wasteland to create creative children needed to achieve 21st century skills