Noble Sacrifice or Meaningless Death? Interpreting the 116th PA Monument

Any visitor to the Gettysburg battlefield will no doubt be almost overwhelmed with the numbers of monuments and memorials to various Union and Confederate units strewn about the field. Sculpted soldiers with sabers, rifles, even fists raised in defiance of the enemy, ever charging forward into the heat of battle are commonplace. In the case of most Union monuments, a culture of just victory and celebration of noble sacrifice emanates from gray stones and bronze figures. One monument, however, tucked along Sickles Avenue in the Rose Woods, portrays a different message. The monument of the 116th Pennsylvania, erected by regimental survivors in 1888, is the only monument at Gettysburg that depicts a dead soldier. While other monuments, such as the Freemason monument at the Soldier’s National Cemetery, the Louisiana state monument, and the Mississippi state monument depict wounded soldiers, these monuments are accompanied by themes of fraternity and noble sacrifice as the focal point rather than the fallen soldier himself. [excerpt

Reading the Transformations of an Urban Edge: From Liberty Era Palermo to the City of Today

To honour the battle of 27 May 1860, in 1910 the Palermo City Government decided to realise a commemorative monument. A position at the centre of a large circular plaza was of have afforded the monument a greater solemnity. The commission for the Monument was awarded to Ernesto Basile. In 1927 the City Government decided to dedicate the monument to the Fallen and asked Basile to complete the monument adding an architectural backdrop. The first version of the new project was a fence that enveloped the entire square and the ring road, interrupted only by entrances near the streets flowing into the square, and dividing it into four sectors. The final design instead called for the realisation of a semi-circular exedra of columns interrupted at the centre by a large gate that allows access to the square and to the back of the monument. The successive development of the city engulfed the square in the midst of tall and anonymous buildings realised, beginning in the 1960s, without any order of relations, stripping the surrounding fabric of its identity. Through the survey of the today‘s configuration, the analysis of Basile‘s original drawings and the representation of the modifications made over time, this text proposes an original reading of the configuration of Piazza Vittorio Veneto and the Monument to the Fallen, in relation to important moments in its history, from its design to the present day. The three-dimensional models reproduce the monument and its surroundings at the time of its construction in 1910, based on the first version for its expansion (unbuilt), with the addition of the exedra from 1930 and in its current condition. The redesign and extrapolation of different views of the digital models also provided original images of use to new readings of the perception of this space

The Battery K, 1st Ohio Light Artillery Monument

At the corner of Carlisle and Lincoln Streets there is an original 12-pounder Napoleon that stands guard over a granite monument. The monument is just one of the monuments to numerous artillery batteries that fought at the battle of Gettysburg. So what makes this monument so unique that warrants a paper written on it? According to the monument this battery, “engaged the enemy with great gallantry.” Thus their deeds at Gettysburg should not go unnoticed. Also the monument lies on the campus of Gettysburg College, and many college students are unaware of the events that went on upon this campus on the day of July1-3, 1863. This monument is not just some small monuments that you see on the battlefield; this is a large and impressive monument. But what about this monument, a monument to Battery K of the 1st Ohio Light Artillery, what is their story, and how did they get to be on a spot in the northern corner of our campus. Why did these men from Ohio end up all the way in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania? The story of Battery K at Gettysburg is a story that is very intense one although the regiment only fought here for half an hour. [excerpt] Course Information: Course Title: HIST 300: Historical Method Academic Term: Fall 2005 Course Instructor: Dr. Michael J. Birkner \u2772 Hidden in Plain Sight is a collection of student papers on objects that are hidden in plain sight around the Gettysburg College campus. Topics range from the Glatfelter Hall gargoyles to the statue of Eisenhower and from historical markers to athletic accomplishments. You can download the paper in pdf format and click View Photo to see the image in greater detail.https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/hiddenpapers/1020/thumbnail.jp

Numerical Analysis of the Tetrapylon Roman's Triumphal Arch of Tebessa: A Case Study.

The Tetrapylon  Roman Triumphal Arch or commonly called  'Caracalla Gate', located  in Tebessa City (Northern Algeria), is considered as one of the most distinctive type of arches associated with the ancient Roman's architecture. This historical monument, erected in the 3rd century, was dedicated to the Roman Emperor Caracalla. In the 6th Century the Caracalla gate was enclosed in the Byzantine old city, built by the General Salomon. Although the monument is still standing, over time, it suffered apparent damages. The conservation and restoration of this monument is actually a major preoccupation for the concerned authorities. In this paper a 3D numerical analysis of the deformations and global stability of the gate are presented. The numerical results obtained were compared to previous site survey and measurements, and were found to be in good agreement. The results revealed that part of the monument damages and deformations occurred following the construction of the Byzantine walls.  In its actual state, the monument was found sufficiently stable, and the restoration would not affect its firmness, if appropriate materials and techniques are deployed

Falling Like Autumn Leaves: Cutler\u27s Brigade at Gettysburg

The 147th New York\u27s monument stands along Reynolds Avenue, silently (and incorrectly) marking where the regiment bravely fought and fell on that July day in 1863. The monument lists the brigade, division, and corps of the regiment, along with the various other battles that are part of the regiment\u27s story. It also lists the regimental losses as well - out of 380 men that started the fight on July 1, 212 men were killed and wounded. Placed by the veterans themselves, they knew what that monument represented. It represented the entire ordeal of their regiment and its brigade on the first day of Gettysburg. [excerpt

Monumental Questions: 1860s Civil War Monument Vandalization at Manassas

On October 4, 2017, I awoke to the news that the Stonewall Jackson equestrian monument at Manassas National Battlefield Park had been vandalized. Having worked there as a Pohanka intern during the summer of 2016, I was saddened to hear this. Now, I have no great love for the Jackson monument. It makes the Southern general look like Superman atop a horse that appears to have had a good amount of steroids mixed with its oats and hay. Yet, I believed then, as I do now, that covering the monument in colored paint was an extremely inappropriate act of vandalism. [excerpt

Pleasant Grove City v. Summum: Identifying Government Speech & Classifying Speech Forums

In Pleasant Grove City v. Summum, the Supreme Court must decide whether a privately-donated Ten Commandments monument currently on display in a city park is the private speech of the donor or the government speech of Pleasant Grove City. Summum, a religious organization, sued Pleasant Grove City in federal court claiming that because the city had displayed in a city park a donated Ten Commandments monument, the First Amendment compelled the city to also accept and display Summum\u27s proposed Seven Aphorisms of Summum monument. If the Court decides it is the private speech of the donor, it will have to characterize the type of speech forum that exists in permanent monuments at a city park. These determinations will resolve whether Pleasant Grove City could constitutionally decline to erect Summum\u27s monument and clarify First Amendment jurisprudence regarding government speech and forum classification

George Gordon Meade and Barnegat Lighthouse

Tucked away off the coast of central New Jersey on the small stretch of land called Long Beach Island is a little piece of Civil War history. It is here that a largely unknown monument highlights a figure so well known by those four hours away in the small Pennsylvania town of Gettysburg. I have been visiting Long Beach Island since I was young, and yet had no knowledge of this Civil War connection that had been staring me in the face until my mother enthusiastically shouted to me, “Brianna! Gettysburg!” As I climbed the sandy hill towards a monument somewhat removed from the beaten path, I was shocked at what the monument was for, but more importantly, at the man to whom it was dedicated. [excerpt

Expanded Protections for a U.S. Pacific Ocean Treasure

On Sept. 25, 2014, U.S. President Barack Obama announced a significant expansion of the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument, a group of five highly protected marine reserves located thousands of miles southwest of the Hawaiian Islands. President George W. Bush had designated the monument in 2009. These U.S. waters are home to some of the nation's most important ocean habitat and provide sanctuary for whales, sea turtles, fish, and millions of seabirds