GPCA vs. PCA in Recognition and 3-D Localization of Ultrasound Reflectors

In this paper, a new method of classification and localization of reflectors, using the time-of-flight (TOF) data obtained from ultrasonic transducers, is presented. The method of classification and localization is based on Generalized Principal Component Analysis (GPCA) applied to the TOF values obtained from a sensor that contains four ultrasound emitters and 16 receivers. Since PCA works with vectorized representations of TOF, it does not take into account the spatial locality of receivers. The GPCA works with two-dimensional representations of TOF, taking into account information on the spatial position of the receivers. This report includes a detailed description of the method of classification and localization and the results of achieved tests with three types of reflectors in 3-D environments: planes, edges, and corners. The results in terms of processing time, classification and localization were very satisfactory for the reflectors located in the range of 50–350 cm

A Systematic Framework for the Construction of Optimal Complete Complementary Codes

The complete complementary code (CCC) is a sequence family with ideal correlation sums which was proposed by Suehiro and Hatori. Numerous literatures show its applications to direct-spread code-division multiple access (DS-CDMA) systems for inter-channel interference (ICI)-free communication with improved spectral efficiency. In this paper, we propose a systematic framework for the construction of CCCs based on $N$-shift cross-orthogonal sequence families ($N$-CO-SFs). We show theoretical bounds on the size of $N$-CO-SFs and CCCs, and give a set of four algorithms for their generation and extension. The algorithms are optimal in the sense that the size of resulted sequence families achieves theoretical bounds and, with the algorithms, we can construct an optimal CCC consisting of sequences whose lengths are not only almost arbitrary but even variable between sequence families. We also discuss the family size, alphabet size, and lengths of constructible CCCs based on the proposed algorithms

Implementation of Golay Complementary Code Sequences Generator Based on FPGA

Golay sequences have some properties make it distinctive in the applications and results. However, for this distinction must select the code sequences carefully and accurately. Therefore, to satisfy these requirements, a creation algorithm must be easy, accurate and powerful. In this paper, an FPGA based, design and implementation of Golay complementary code sequence(GCCS) creation and then made autocorrelation between their pair codes to verify properties. The process time for proposed algorithm is less than that for all possible algorithm by (1/4 to 1/1024 for 4-bit to 16 bits respectively). Thus, the Search can be regarded as pioneers of the research application of this technique to the subject and got good results. The Implementation was based on 8-bit pair code and made by Xilinx-spartan-3A XC3S700AFPGA, with 50 MHz internal clock

Diseño de estrategias de sincronización y estimación de canal para la mejora de comunicaciones en redes inteligentes de energía

La presente tesis contribuye en el desarrollo de estrategias eficientes de sincronización y estimación de canal para sistemas de comunicaciones por la red eléctrica (Power-Line Communications – PLC), que utilizan modulación multiportadora por división de frecuencias ortogonales (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing – OFDM). El principal objetivo es disminuir la complejidad asociada respecto a variantes existentes en la literatura, y a su vez mantener un desempeño competitivo. Para ello, se realiza el diseño de un símbolo piloto construido a partir de pares de secuencias complementarias y se definen algoritmos de sincronización y estimación de canal. Se analizan las técnicas de sincronización gruesa por Autocorrelación (AC) y Correlación Cruzada (CC) en sistemas PLC, y se define un algoritmo de sincronización fina y estimación de canal a partir de la reutilización de la CC. La propuesta se evalúa por simulaciones estudiando el efecto en cada etapa de: el canal PLC, el ruido de fondo coloreado y las diversas fuentes de ruido impulsivo. Adicionalmente, se determina la degradación en el desempeño de cada etapa y se proponen soluciones en un escenario con restricción en la cantidad de subportadoras habilitadas para la transmisión del símbolo piloto, al aplicar una máscara espectral de compatibilidad electromagnética.Universidad Nacional de La PlataUniversidad de Alcal

Analysis and Modeling of a MIMO Ultrasonic Sensorial Structure based on M-CSS and correlation techniques.

[EN] This paper describes the analysis and modeling of an ultrasonic sensorial structure based on processing algorithm that uses a set of macro-sequences and correlation techniques for obtaining the impulse response of transmission channels simultaneously is proposed. The sensory structure is formed by multiple ultrasonic transducers that transmitting and receiving environment information simultaneously. This processing algorithm employs a pseudorandom macro-sequence obtained from a complementary set of M sequences (M- CSS) which, by auto-correlation and cross-correlation functions, the impulse responses from environment are obtained. The transmission in the ultrasonic system is represented by frequency selective MIMO model, which is analyzed every instant in the process of reflection-transmission-reception of the signals generated. Once the system model of ultrasonic transmission MIMO is developed and correlation algorithms are implemented for the detection of macro-sequences; the mathematical model, the results obtained in the simulation as well as experimental evidence are presented in this paper. These validate the use of the methodology applied to the channel modeling as well as the estimation of the impulse response of the transmission channels to process the received echoes corresponding to an object in front of the sensor system. The model implemented allows it on can develop algorithms and processing techniques, before they are physically implemented, in order to reduce application development time. In all such cases, is possible to obtain the impulse responses produced in the environment due to the reflectors located opposite the sensor system using correlation techniques. [ES] En este artículo se propone el análisis y modelado de una estructura sensorial ultrasónica empleando un algoritmo de procesamiento que utiliza un conjunto de macro-secuencias y técnicas de correlación para obtener respuestas impulsivas de canales de transmisión de forma simultánea. La estructura sensorial está formada por múltiples transductores ultrasónicos que transmiten y reciben información del entorno simultáneamente. Este algoritmo de procesamiento emplea una macro-secuencia pseudo-aleatoria obtenida a partir un conjunto complementario de M secuencias (M-CSS) con las cuales, mediante funciones de auto-correlación y correlación cruzada, se generan las respuestas impulsivas del entorno. Para modelar el sistema de transmisión ultrasónico se emplea el modelo MIMO de frecuencia selectiva, con el cual se logra analizar cada instante del proceso de emisión-reflexión-recepción de las señales generadas. Una vez que el modelo del sistema de transmisión ultrasónico MIMO es desarrollado y los algoritmos de correlación son implementados para la detección de las macro-secuencias, se presenta en este documento el modelo matemático y los resultados obtenidos en las simulaciones así como en las pruebas experimentales. Estos validan la utilización de la metodología del modelado de canal aplicado, como de la estimación de las respuestas impulsivas de los canales de transmisión al procesar los ecos recibidos correspondientes a un objeto frente al sistema sensor. El modelo implementado permite desarrollar sobre de él, algoritmos y técnicas de procesamiento, antes de que estos sean implementados físicamente, con el fin de reducir el tiempo de desarrollo de aplicaciones. En cada uno de los casos considerados, se logró obtener las respuestas impulsivas considerando que está presente un objeto frente a la estructura sensorial.Este trabajo ha sido posible gracias a el ministerio de educación y ciencia español (PROYECTO RESELAI: TIN2006- 14986-CO2-01); al Ministerio de Fomento (Proyecto VIATOR: ref 70025-T05); y al Fondo Ramón Álvarez-Buylla de Aldana (ADCESUDRU FRABA715/10).Ochoa, A.; Ureña, J.; Hernández, Á.; González, A.; Mata, W.; Félix, RA. (2015). Análisis y modelado de una estructura sensorial ultrasónica MIMO basado en M-CSS y técnicas de correlación. 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