117,862 research outputs found
2D-3D registration of CT vertebra volume to fluoroscopy projection: A calibration model assessment (doi:10.1155/2010/806094)
This study extends a previous research concerning intervertebral motion registration by means of 2D dynamic fluoroscopy to obtain a more comprehensive 3D description of vertebral kinematics. The problem of estimating the 3D rigid pose of a CT volume of a vertebra from its 2D X-ray fluoroscopy projection is addressed. 2D-3D registration is obtained maximising a measure of similarity between Digitally Reconstructed Radiographs (obtained from the CT volume) and real fluoroscopic projection. X-ray energy correction was performed. To assess the method a calibration model was realised a sheep dry vertebra was rigidly fixed to a frame of reference including metallic markers. Accurate measurement of 3D orientation was obtained via single-camera calibration of the markers and held as true 3D vertebra position; then, vertebra 3D pose was estimated and results compared. Error analysis revealed accuracy of the order of 0.1 degree for the rotation angles of about 1?mm for displacements parallel to the fluoroscopic plane, and of order of 10?mm for the orthogonal displacement.<br/
Learning Sensor Feedback Models from Demonstrations via Phase-Modulated Neural Networks
In order to robustly execute a task under environmental uncertainty, a robot
needs to be able to reactively adapt to changes arising in its environment. The
environment changes are usually reflected in deviation from expected sensory
traces. These deviations in sensory traces can be used to drive the motion
adaptation, and for this purpose, a feedback model is required. The feedback
model maps the deviations in sensory traces to the motion plan adaptation. In
this paper, we develop a general data-driven framework for learning a feedback
model from demonstrations. We utilize a variant of a radial basis function
network structure --with movement phases as kernel centers-- which can
generally be applied to represent any feedback models for movement primitives.
To demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework, we test it on the task of
scraping on a tilt board. In this task, we are learning a reactive policy in
the form of orientation adaptation, based on deviations of tactile sensor
traces. As a proof of concept of our method, we provide evaluations on an
anthropomorphic robot. A video demonstrating our approach and its results can
be seen in https://youtu.be/7Dx5imy1KcwComment: 8 pages, accepted to be published at the International Conference on
Robotics and Automation (ICRA) 201
Priorities and Public Safety: Reentry and the Rising Costs of our Corrections System
Examines trends in the state's corrections budgets, prison population, and recidivism and the impact of the economic crisis on corrections policies nationwide. Argues for more cost-efficient evidence-based policies, with examples from other states
Theory of current-driven magnetization dynamics in inhomogeneous ferromagnets
We give a brief account of recent developments in the theoretical
understanding of the interaction between electric currents and inhomogeneous
ferromagnetic order parameters. We start by discussing the physical origin of
the spin torques responsible for this interaction and construct a
phenomenological description. We then consider the electric current-induced
ferromagnetic instability and domain-wall motion. Finally, we present a
microscopic justification of the phenomenological description of current-driven
magnetization dynamics, with particular emphasis on the dissipative terms, the
so-called Gilbert damping and the component of the adiabatic
current-driven torque.Comment: 25 pages, 2 figures. Will appear in "Current Perspectives" on
spin-transfer torque phenomena (edited by Dan Ralph and Mark Stiles), to be
published in Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Material
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