"Stones Can Make People Docile": Disciplinary School Spaces and Student Rebellions in Childrens and Young Adult School Stories

School Stories is a subgenre within childrens and young adult literature in which the school environment is the main and most pivotal site of action. Typically, student characters are socialized by their school experience to be responsible future adult citizens who will seamlessly fit within the hegemonic structures of their society. However, there is a stream within the school story subgenre in which the school space is oppressive and attempts to crush students into conformity. While a few studies have been conducted on the school story subgenre, there has yet to be significant attention paid to stories which are critical of institutional educational practices, or any that focus on how the material, physical, and architectural representation of school spaces facilitates students empowering or oppressive experiences. This dissertation attempts to fill this gap by examining school stories that feature oppressive school environments by considering how the spatial properties contribute to the disciplinary structures of school spaces to create student oppression. The present study focuses on stories with oppressive school spaces and questions the ideological structures these stories attempt to break down; the new structures they suggest be put in their place; the desired/imagined futures of institutionalized education these narratives express; and if, or how, implied readers are invited to internalize and enact these changes. To do this, I employ Michel Foucault and Henri Lefebrves theories on disciplinary space, Michel de Certeaus arguments regarding individual resistances to disciplinary spaces, and affect theory to examine characters emotional responses stimulated by the school space. Within school stories that feature oppression, the disciplinary organization of the school space directly influences the interactions of bodies within the space, and it is student characters interactions with one another, and with adults in positions of authority, that elicit constrained and oppressive experiences. Student characters in this study rebel and resist the evasive net of discipline that those in positions of authority employ to order the school space and manipulate the student bodies housed within. Through the resistance of fictional students, these narratives recommend to child and youth readers non-conformist and even revolutionary attitudes that imagine students as the means of achieving changes to their various hegemonic societies

Points of View: Arrestees’ Perspectives on Police Body-Worn Cameras and their Perceived Impact on Police–Citizen Interactions

Entirely absent from debates about the desirability and potential impacts of police body-worn cameras (BWCs) are the views of a significant group on the other side of the lens—individuals who have recently experienced arrest by a police officer. In a bid to redress this significant gap, this article reports findings from the first study to examine arrestee views and experiences of police BWCs. Data from interviews with 907 police detainees reveal that they are largely in favour of officers wearing cameras, believing that they can provide greater accountability and improve the behaviour of both law enforcement officers and members of the public. Importantly, however, this support is contingent on a number of operational and procedural policies regulating the use of BWCs

Ethics of lifelog technology

In a lifelog, data from different digital sources are combined and processed to form a unified multimedia archive containing information about the quotidian activities of an individual. This dissertation aims to contribute to a responsible development of lifelog technology used by members of the general public for private reasons. Lifelog technology can benefit, but also harm lifeloggers and their social environment. The guiding idea behind this dissertation is that if the ethical challenges can be met and the opportunities realised, the conditions will be optimised for a responsible development and application of the technology. To achieve this, it is important to reflect on these concerns at an early stage of development before the existing rudimentary forms of lifelogs develop into more sophisticated devices with a broad societal application. For this research, a normative framework based on prima facie principles is used. Lifelog technology in its current form is a relatively novel invention and a consensus about its definition is still missing. Therefore the author aims to clarify the characteristics of lifelog technology. Next, the ethical challenges and opportunities of lifelogs are analysed, as they have been discussed in the scholarly literature on the ethics of lifelog technology. Against this backdrop, ethical challenges and opportunities are identified and elaborated. The normative analysis concentrates on two areas of concern, namely (1) the ethical challenges and opportunities that result from the use of lifelog technology, and (2) the conditions under which one becomes a lifelogger. For the first, three sets of key issues are discussed, namely issues to do with (a) privacy, (b) autonomy, and (c) beneficence. For the second, one key set of issues is examined, namely issues to do with autonomy. The discussion of each set of issues is concluded with recommendations designed to tackle the challenges and realise the opportunities

Surveillance, State Violence and Resistance: A History of “Dangerous Incidents” between Police Officers and Black Individuals in the United States

[From the introduction]:This thesis will seek to explore racialised surveillance and Black resistance to this surveillance in both historical and contemporary forms in the United States. At its core, this research will argue that racialised surveillance and the resistance that it is met with exist in a continuum, rather than being a new and contemporary phenomenon. I seek to open up avenues of research such as: has the “death of the spectacle” of punishment truly occurred as Michel Foucault suggested? What is the connection between racialised surveillance and violence? Is there an alternative racialised account of the formation of the surveillance state in the U.S.? And how do members of American law enforcement respond to acts of civilian sousveillance that are enabled by modern technological developments? This thesis will engage with Surveillance Studies, historical scholarship and primary sources, as well as Critical Race Theory in order to answer these questions and more relating to “dangerous incidents” between police officers and Black individuals. Even if we assume that individuals are “protected” from police malpractice and violence by surveillance technologies such as dashboard cameras, the state is still regularly able to neutralise the impact of any footage that might be captured and excuse their actions in order to avoid any severe consequences

The Chilling Effects of Digital Dataveillance: A Theoretical Model and an Empirical Research Agenda

People's sense of being subject to digital dataveillance can cause them to restrict their digital communication behavior. Such a chilling effect is essentially a form of self-censorship in everyday digital media use with the attendant risks of undermining individual autonomy and well-being. This article combines the existing theoretical and limited empirical work on surveillance and chilling effects across fields with an analysis of novel data toward a research agenda. The institutional practice of dataveillance—the automated, continuous, and unspecific collection, retention, and analysis of digital traces—affects individual behavior. A mechanism-based causal model based on the theory of planned behavior is proposed for the micro level: An individual's increased sense of dataveillance causes their subjective probability assigned to negative outcomes of digital communication behavior to increase and attitudes toward this communication to become less favorable, ultimately decreasing the intention to engage in it. In aggregate and triggered through successive salience shocks such as data scandals, dataveillance is accordingly hypothesized to lower the baseline of free digital communication in a society through the chilling effects mechanism. From the developed theoretical model, a set of methodological consequences and questions for future studies are derived

Evolving identities, social media and the employment relationship: an interpretative phenomenological analysis

This study uses interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) to explore how actors in three key organisational roles: human resources practitioners, operational managers and employees use social media to dramaturgically shape identity and the implication this has on employment relationships. The study contributes to qualitative research design by using a multi-perspective approach. The research draws upon data captured from 25 semi-structured, in- depth interviews. Analysis is presented in four key themes: 1) adoption, participation and staging of social media in the workplace 2) power, control and surveillance of social media use 3) evolving identity and dramaturgical performance on social media; and finally, 4) resistance, misbehaviour and conflict. The findings reveal social media are not widely adopted, lack strategic coordination and their purpose is not fully understood. Actors used a variety of sites to dramaturgically stage their identity and aesthetic representations of self; some were contradictory to organisational expectations. Little training existed to develop social media skills, therefore was regarded sceptically by HR and management who sought tighter control mechanisms to govern access and use. Social media policy was often unclear and difficult to find. Regulations became attenuated as they filtered through organisations. Management, in attempts to control use, developed bastardised rules suiting their own agendas including hard HR management tactics, surveillance and pre-screening of employee profiles for recruitment and disciplinary purposes. Such regimes were not governed by policy or development; these have ethical implications. Employees used sousveillance to observe peers and management; highlighting possibilities for regulations and highlight both a challenge and resistance to power in employment relationships. The regimes of control contributed to novel forms of misbehaviour which require reflection and adaptation to management practice

Are Wearables Good or Bad for Society? An Exploration of Societal Benefits, Risks and Consequences of Augmented Reality Smart Glasses.

Recent market research forecasts predict that a new form of wearable devices will soon influence the media landscape: Augmented Reality Smart Glasses. While prior research highlights numerous potentials in personal and professional settings of smart glasses, this technology has also triggered several controversies in public discussions, for example, the risk of violating privacy and copyright laws. Yet, little research addresses the questions of whether smart glasses are good or bad for societies, and if yes, why. This study conducts exploratory research to contribute to narrowing this gap. Based on a survey among consumers, we identify several societal benefits and risks that determine consumers’ evaluation of the anticipated and desired success of smart glasses. These findings lead to numerous important implications for consumers, scholars, managers, and policy makers

Questioning surveillance

The aim of this article is to make suggestions that could empower different socio-political groups to question surveillance. It does so by formulating sets of questions that different stakeholders can ask of themselves, of the private sector, and of government, including intelligence agencies. It is divided into three main parts. The first part provides some background on resilience in surveillance societies. It defines the terms and identifies features of resilience and today’s surveillance society. The second part lays out a set of questions addressed to each of the stakeholder groups. The questions are intended to promote consideration of a proposed or existing surveillance system, technology, practice or other initiative in terms of the necessity and proportionality of the system, and of whether stakeholders are being consulted. The third part offers a list of measures that can be taken to increase resilience in a surveillance society, to restrict the scope of surveillance systems to what can be legitimately justified, and to minimise the impacts of surveillance systems on the individual, groups and society