The Influence of Sponsor-Event Congruence in Sponsorship of Music Festivals

This paper focuses the research on the Influence of Sponsor-Event Congruence toward Brand Image, Attitudes toward the Brand and Purchase Intention. Having reviewed the literatures and arranged the hypotheses, the data has been gathered by distributing the questionnaire to 155 audiences at the Java Jazz Music Festival, firstly with convenience sampling and then snowballing sampling approach. The analysis of data was executed with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The result shows the sponsor-event congruence variable has a positive impact toward brand image and attitudes toward the brand sponsor. Brand Image also has a positive impact toward purchase intention; in contrary attitudes toward the brand do not have a positive purchase intention. With those results, to increase the sponsorship effectiveness, the role of congruency is very significant in the sponsorship event. Congruency is a key influencer to trigger the sponsorship effectiveness. Congruency between the event and the sponsor is able to boost up the brand image and bring out favorable attitudes towards the brand for the success of marketing communication programs, particularly sponsorship. In addition to it, image transfer gets higher due to the congruency existence (fit) between sponsor and event and directs the intention creation to buy sponsor brand product/service (purchase intention). In conclusion, sponsor-event congruence has effect on consumer responds toward sponsorship, either on the cognitive level, affective and also behavior

The role of Economic Instruments in Integrating Environmental Policy with Transport Policy in Hungary

After a short survey on the role of the economic instruments that try to implement environmental policy into transport policy in Hungary, we have to make some simple statements. The environmental policy that should be integrated with transport policy is exists or at least the more essential outlines and directions are clear. The acceptation of such changes are more developed in urban transport policy level, and less in countrywide transport policy level. But even this level the acceptation is much better than in the practice, first of all in cases of bigger investments. The great motorway investments or metro investments practically follow their own way, even there are ideologies to present that these investments serve the general environment and that is why they use public money to the construction. Relative to these expenses and future harms all other environmental improvements in the transport sector can be considered as marginal. There is also a danger, that environmental measurements become a kind of devise by what the greatest investors able to buy the social support to get support to their above-mentioned investments. In the same time there is a significant development in the recognition of the importance of environmental arguments and also in measures that influence operation and through that present and short-term future environment. Many economic instruments belong to that category, like charges that are able to make more expensive polluting goods on one side and help with supplying vehicles or motors of better technology on the other. There is also an important role of that tools, that those introduce them begins to be proud of it and considers himself as a pro-environment warrior. We can only hope, that this self image determines also further thinking and acting. We distinguished three elements of the Hungarian circumstances: the global lessons, the heritage of the relative underdevelopments and the heritage of the special past of state socialism, but these elements are also mirror of existing thinking in the sector. While deregulation and the free market can cause significant changes within each structure, it is hardly able to solve the transition from one structure to another. Those educated in command economy ("more transport with less cost") could understand deregulation as free use of deteriorated and outmoded vehicles and infrastructure and that tendency evidentally needs regulations to avoid that outcome. Similarly those educated in market economy ("better transport with less cost") would use economic tools to improve phasis effectivity (less fuel, less time, less emission) hardly understanding that in long term even a theoretic 0-emission, 0-consumption 0-cost car would cause enormous environmental problems and unbearable life conditions. Only those able to look behind economic targets thinking macro level and long term harmonise really environment and sector economy on policy level ("better life with less transport") thus offering a frame where the economic instruments are able to promote real harmonisation targets

On the Heterotic World-sheet Instanton Superpotential and its individual Contributions

For supersymmetric heterotic string compactifications on a Calabi-Yau threefold $X$ endowed with a vector bundle $V$ the world-sheet superpotential $W$ is a sum of contributions from isolated rational curves \C in $X$; the individual contribution is given by an exponential in the K\"ahler class of the curve times a prefactor given essentially by the Pfaffian which depends on the moduli of $V$ and the complex structure moduli of $X$. Solutions of $DW=0$ (or even of $DW=W=0$) can arise either by nontrivial cancellations between the individual terms in the summation over all contributing curves or because each of these terms is zero already individually. Concerning the latter case conditions on the moduli making a single Pfaffian vanish (for special moduli values) have been investigated. However, even if corresponding moduli - fulfilling these constraints - for the individual contribution of one curve are known it is not at all clear whether {\em one} choice of moduli exists which fulfills the corresponding constraints {\em for all contributing curves simultaneously}. Clearly this will in general happen only if the conditions on the 'individual zeroes' had already a conceptual origin which allows them to fit together consistently. We show that this happens for a class of cases. In the special case of spectral cover bundles we show that a relevant solution set has an interesting location in moduli space and is related to transitions which change the generation number.Comment: 47 page

The ROMES method for statistical modeling of reduced-order-model error

This work presents a technique for statistically modeling errors introduced by reduced-order models. The method employs Gaussian-process regression to construct a mapping from a small number of computationally inexpensive `error indicators' to a distribution over the true error. The variance of this distribution can be interpreted as the (epistemic) uncertainty introduced by the reduced-order model. To model normed errors, the method employs existing rigorous error bounds and residual norms as indicators; numerical experiments show that the method leads to a near-optimal expected effectivity in contrast to typical error bounds. To model errors in general outputs, the method uses dual-weighted residuals---which are amenable to uncertainty control---as indicators. Experiments illustrate that correcting the reduced-order-model output with this surrogate can improve prediction accuracy by an order of magnitude; this contrasts with existing `multifidelity correction' approaches, which often fail for reduced-order models and suffer from the curse of dimensionality. The proposed error surrogates also lead to a notion of `probabilistic rigor', i.e., the surrogate bounds the error with specified probability

Goal-based h-adaptivity of the 1-D diamond difference discrete ordinate method.

The quantity of interest (QoI) associated with a solution of a partial differential equation (PDE) is not, in general, the solution itself, but a functional of the solution. Dual weighted residual (DWR) error estimators are one way of providing an estimate of the error in the QoI resulting from the discretisation of the PDE. This paper aims to provide an estimate of the error in the QoI due to the spatial discretisation, where the discretisation scheme being used is the diamond difference (DD) method in space and discrete ordinate (SNSN) method in angle. The QoI are reaction rates in detectors and the value of the eigenvalue (Keff)(Keff) for 1-D fixed source and eigenvalue (KeffKeff criticality) neutron transport problems respectively. Local values of the DWR over individual cells are used as error indicators for goal-based mesh refinement, which aims to give an optimal mesh for a given QoI

Enhanced error estimator based on a nearly equilibrated moving least squares recovery technique for FEM and XFEM

In this paper a new technique aimed to obtain accurate estimates of the error in energy norm using a moving least squares (MLS) recovery-based procedure is presented. We explore the capabilities of a recovery technique based on an enhanced MLS fitting, which directly provides continuous interpolated fields, to obtain estimates of the error in energy norm as an alternative to the superconvergent patch recovery (SPR). Boundary equilibrium is enforced using a nearest point approach that modifies the MLS functional. Lagrange multipliers are used to impose a nearly exact satisfaction of the internal equilibrium equation. The numerical results show the high accuracy of the proposed error estimator