Farming Fish in a Transitional Economy: A Case for East Timor

This case study evaluates the economic potential for a grow-out mariculture enterprise in East Timor while highlighting how such a business venture could help engage a transitional nation in foreign trade, increase employment opportunities and encourage community based projects that promote sustainable resource use.aquaculture, mariculture, grouper, East Timor, transitional economy, Agricultural and Food Policy, Q10, Q22,

Stocking, Enhancement, and Mariculture of Penaeus orientalis and Other Species in Shanghai and Zhejiang Provinces, China

China's marine aquaculture landings provide only 18% of its combined freshwater and amrine capture and culture landings, at a per-capita consumption of only 3.2 kg/yr out of a total of 18.1 kg/yr. We described development and some of the results of long-term mariculture and stocking/enhancement projects that have been underway for up to 20 years in the Hangzhou Bay area. Penaeus orientalis (also referred to as P. chinensis) stocking provided up to 400 t/yr, at a total cost-benefit ratio of up to 8 Yuan of landed shrimp per Yuan invested in shrimp stocking. Over 40 t of Penaeus orientalis were produced commercially in 1993, with proceeds being used to fund mariculture and fisheries research. Large scale edible jellyfish restocking is also underway, while semicommercial culture of abalone, Haliotis diversicolor, has been successful. Technical problems limitig mariculture have been solved successfully for some species

Mariculture in California

Mariculture in California is currently under development by several private concerns, universities, and by the California Department of Fish and Game. At present, most of these efforts classify as research and development with a few in the pilot production phase. The Department of Fish and Game is presently conducting research in the culture of mortality resistant strains of Pacific oyster, Crassostrea virginica, the red abalone, Haliotis rufescens, and the spot prawn, Pandalus platyceros. (18pp.

Larval fish in the vicinity of aquaculture intakes

Texas Parks and Wildlife Department has recently proposed that all facilities pumping water from Texas estuaries be fitted with 0.5 mm screening to prevent larval fish mortality at these facilities. Data on larval fish distributions in Texas estuaries is quite limited (Holt et al. 1990). This report presents the results of a pilot study to examine the impact on larval fishes and shrimps of pumping water into mariculture facilities at three sites on the central and southern Texas Coast. The primary objective of this study was to determine the species composition, density and size structure of ichthyoplankton populations in the vicinity of the intake structures of the three mariculture facilities during their spring and fall pumping seasons. A secondary objective was to determine what organisms were actually being pumped through the system.Final report for contract IAC(90-91)111.5Prepared for Texas A&M Sea Grant, Texas General Land OfficeFebruary 1991Marine Scienc

Evaluation of greenhouse gas emissions and design of mitigation options: A whole farm approach based on farm management data and mechanistic models

Agricultural activities are important sources of atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), and carbon dioxide (CO2). In the European Union, the agricultural sector contributes approximately 10% of the total emitted greenhouse gases (GhG). We search for evaluating GhG emissions at the farm level and desiging mitigation options from a biotechnical point of view. As GhG emissions occur at several stages within the farm operation, it is essential to combine nutrient cycling and farm working through an integrated farm approach to reach a full accounting of processes. Our proposal comprises the following characteristics: - Our whole farm approach (FarmSim) combines empirical and mechanistic modelling through describing of above and below ground C and N fluxes ; with respect to GhG, emissions can be also calculated with emissions factors, comparable to the IPCC methodology when no model is available yet as for manure management for instance. - Rebuilding farmers' practices description from available data (on farm and through farms'network databases) needs to choose a level of information to translate real situations to generic ones. It requires thus to choose a set of farm components and compatible spatio-temporal scales in respect with the data needed by the models. - At the moment, we coupled two models allowing to quantify the emissions of the different land uses (in our case PaSim, a grassland ecosystem model and CERES-EGC, a crop model). - The system boundaries are limited to the farm gate, or may include pre- and post-chain effects according to more and less high inputs and the difficulty to forecast produce fate if databases are available. - Building plausible scenarios requires to control a set of farm operation coherences to account for standing mitigation options. In a first step, we used a case study formalized by the French Livestock Institute (IE) and some farm working data from an experimental dairy farm belonging to the French Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), both located in semi-continental conditions (Mirecourt - North-Eastern France). The simulated farming system is a mixed dairy and crops system so as to account for a rather generic farming system. (Résumé d'auteur

Institutional consumers' views of GHG emission reduction by optional milk systems within sustainability frame

An on-going study examines how Green House Gas (GHG) emission information could be used to support consumption driven changes in production, leading to reduction of GHG emissions in agriculture. This paper presents a pre-study, looking for discursive grounds by which institutional consumers make choices when confronted with the knowledge of GHG emission characteristics of five optional milk systems. The milk systems to be compared in terms of agricultural GHG emissions were (Option I) conventional milk system based on imported soy protein feed, (Option II) conventional milk system using domestic protein source and (Option III) organic milk system, as well as vegetable milk systems based on (Option IV) imported soy and (Option V) domestic oat. The discursive turn to these optional milk systems was taken by five catering information professionals, who tried to respond to the idea of catering for sustainability. The results revealed four different discourses, with variable ability to make use of emission information when systemic change is to be approached in everyday productive activities. Regarding emission information, the least sensitive discourse was the one of modernization, emphasising the use of conventional, cheap products. Sustainability and ecological modernization discourses exhibited most imaginative and novel solutions in productive activities. Bioregionalism discourse joined other discourses connecting them with the idea of domestic production. The discourses identified in this pre-study were, however, very fine-grained and intermingled, offering rather lean support for novel choices. Additionally the market position of organic milk suffered due to emission information, stressing heavily the reliability of environmental information as a ‘change agent’ on the market

Centre asks CMFRI to draft National Mariculture Policy The Hindu dated 9th May 2017

The Centre has asked the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI) to take lead in drafting the National Mariculture Policy jointly with the fisheries departments of coastal states and union territories for developing mariculture practices. Addressing the two-day national consultation meet on “mariculture and open sea cage culture development” held at CMFRI, Mandapam, near here on Thursday, Devendra Chaudhry, Union Secretary to Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries asked CMFRI to come up with comprehensive guidelines for developing open sea and coastal mariculture practices in the country

Eficiencia de absorción de nutrientes de Gracilaria chilensis y Ulva lactuca en un sistema multitrófico integrado con el abalón rojo Haliotis rufescens

Indexación: Web of Science; Scielo.ABSTRACT. The current study examined the nutrient uptake efficiency of Ulva lactuca and Gracilaria chilensis cultivated in tanks associated with the wastewater of a land-based abalone culture. The experiments evaluated different seaweed stocking densities (1200, 1900, 2600, and 3200 g m-2) and water exchange rates (60, 80, 125, and 250 L h-1). The results show that both U. lactuca and G. chilensis were efficient in capturing and removing all of the inorganic nutrients originating from the abalone cultivation for all of the tested conditions. Furthermore, an annual experiment was performed with U. lactuca, cultivated at a stocking density of 1900 g m-2 and at a water exchanged rate of 125 L h-1, in order to evaluate seasonal changes in the nutrient uptake efficiency, productivity, and growth rate associated with the wastewater of a land-based abalone culture. The results confirmed high uptake efficiency during the entire year, equivalent to a 100% removal of the NH4, NO3, and PO4 produced by the land-based abalone culture. The growth rate and productivity of U. lactuca presented a marked seasonality, increasing from fall until summer and varying from 0.5 ± 0.2% to 2.6 ± 0.2% d-1 and 10 ± 6.1% to 73.6 ± 8.4% g m-2 d-1 for sustainable growth rate and productivity, respectively. We conclude that there is sufficient evidence that demonstrates the high possibility of changing the traditional monoculture system of abalone in Chile, to a sustainable integrated multi-trophic aquaculture system, generating positive environmental externalities, including the use of U. lactuca as a biofiltration unit.Resumen: Se analizó la eficiencia de captación de nutrientes de Ulva lactuca y Gracilaria chilensis, cultivadas en estanques asociados a aguas de desecho proveniente de un cultivo del abalón rojo Haliotis rufescens. Los experimentos consideraron evaluar diferentes densidades de cultivo de algas (1200, 1900, 2600 and 3200 g m-2) y tasas de recambio de agua (60, 80, 125 y 250 L h-1). Los resultados mostraron que tanto U. lactuca como G. chilensis fueron eficientes en la captación de nutrientes inorgánicos provenientes del cultivo de abalón, en todas las condiciones probadas, con remoción total de los nutrientes aportados por el cultivo. De la misma forma se realizó un experimento anual con U. lactuca, siendo cultivada con densidad de 1900 g m-2 y tasa de recambio de agua de 125 L h-1 para evaluar cambios estacionales en la eficiencia de captación de nutrientes, así como en la productividad y tasa de crecimiento de U. lactuca. Los resultados confirmaron una alta eficiencia de captación de U. lactuca durante todo el año, equivalente a la remoción del 100% del NH4, NO3 y PO4 aportado por el cultivo de abalón. La tasa de crecimiento y la productividad de U. lactuca presentó una marcada estacionalidad, incrementando de otoño al verano, variando de 0,5 ± 0,2 a 2,6 ± 0,2% d-1 y 10 ± 6,1 a 73,6 ± 8,4 g m-2 d-1, respectivamente. Se concluye que existen antecedentes suficientes que demuestran que es altamente posible cambiar la actividad tradicional de cultivo de abalón por un sistema integrado multitrófico, alcanzando externalidades ambientales positivas que incluyen U. lactuca como unidad de biofiltración.http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-560X201400030001

SHRIMP MARICULTURE DEVELOPMENT IN ECUADOR: SOME RESOURCE POLICY ISSUES

During the past 15 years, Ecuador has become the Western Hemisphere's leading producer and exporter of shrimp. Growth has come about largely through mariculture development. About 8,000 metric tons (MT) of shrimp have been captured off the Ecuadorian coast each year since the late 1970s. Meanwhile, pond output has increased several-fold, from less than 5,000 MT in 1979 to over 100,000 MT 12 years later (Table 1). Mariculture has expanded largely at the expense of renewable natural resources. Mangrove swamps, characterized by extremely high biological productivity and, therefore, a critical element of coastal ecosystems, have been displaced. In addition, shrimp postlarvae (PL) collection has at times been excessive and wastewater emissions from some enterprises harm the environment. Mariculture also suffers from water pollution from agricultural, urban, and industrial sources. This paper first describes the extent and consequences of coastal ecosystem disturbance; then presents a causal analysis of environmental problems. Policies contributing to depletive management of wetlands and related resources are similar to policies stimulating tropical deforestation. The tenurial regime rewards those who convert coastal ecosystems into shrimp ponds, just as frontier property arrangements encourage agricultural colonists to convert natural ecosystems into farmland (Southgate 1990). In addition, mariculture's geographic expansion, like agriculture's, has been accelerated by inadequate spending on education, research, and extension (Southgate 1991). If this policy regime remains unchanged, continued deterioration of Ecuador's coastal ecosystems is inevitable.Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,