Stocking, Enhancement, and Mariculture of Penaeus orientalis and Other Species in Shanghai and Zhejiang Provinces, China

China's marine aquaculture landings provide only 18% of its combined freshwater and amrine capture and culture landings, at a per-capita consumption of only 3.2 kg/yr out of a total of 18.1 kg/yr. We described development and some of the results of long-term mariculture and stocking/enhancement projects that have been underway for up to 20 years in the Hangzhou Bay area. Penaeus orientalis (also referred to as P. chinensis) stocking provided up to 400 t/yr, at a total cost-benefit ratio of up to 8 Yuan of landed shrimp per Yuan invested in shrimp stocking. Over 40 t of Penaeus orientalis were produced commercially in 1993, with proceeds being used to fund mariculture and fisheries research. Large scale edible jellyfish restocking is also underway, while semicommercial culture of abalone, Haliotis diversicolor, has been successful. Technical problems limitig mariculture have been solved successfully for some species

Farming Fish in a Transitional Economy: A Case for East Timor

This case study evaluates the economic potential for a grow-out mariculture enterprise in East Timor while highlighting how such a business venture could help engage a transitional nation in foreign trade, increase employment opportunities and encourage community based projects that promote sustainable resource use.aquaculture, mariculture, grouper, East Timor, transitional economy, Agricultural and Food Policy, Q10, Q22,

Mariculture in California

Mariculture in California is currently under development by several private concerns, universities, and by the California Department of Fish and Game. At present, most of these efforts classify as research and development with a few in the pilot production phase. The Department of Fish and Game is presently conducting research in the culture of mortality resistant strains of Pacific oyster, Crassostrea virginica, the red abalone, Haliotis rufescens, and the spot prawn, Pandalus platyceros. (18pp.

Developing a mariculture business in Alaska: information and resources.

This booklet provides information needed to start a mariculture business in Alaska, including agency resources and lists of publications. Everything you need to know about permits, planning, and financing is presented in an easy to follow layout. From preliminary steps to marketable product, this booklet will help the aquaculturist with all species farmed in Alaska, including oysters, mussels, scallops, clams, and seaweed. (41pp.

MARICULTURE DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA: Prospects and Constraints

Mariculture is an important component of Indonesian fisheries and aquaculture production, directly contributing an estimated US$ 320 million in 2008. Because most mariculture production is focussed on producing for export markets, mariculture production is an important source of foreign earnings for the Indonesian economy. This paper reviews the current status and prospects for continuing development of mariculture in Indonesia. Currently the major mariculture commodity in Indonesia is seaweed for carrageenan production. Seaweed production accounts for 98% of total Indonesian mariculture production and 84% of value. The other major commodity groups are marine finfish and pearl oysters. Commodities being developed for mariculture in Indonesia include abalone and spiny lobsters. Prospects for continued development of mariculture in Indonesia appear positive. Indonesia has several advantages for mariculture development, including many potential mariculture sites, a stable tropical climate, and does not suffer from cyclonic storms. The Government of Indonesia is planning to increase aquaculture production substantially over the next four years, including mariculture production. Globally, demand for seafood products is expanding due to increasing population and increased per capita consumption of fish products. Constraints to the continued development of mariculture in Indonesia include: limited seed supply, particularly of species which cannot be economically produced in hatcheries, such as spiny lobsters; need to develop more efficient production systems for some marine finfish; the need to improve environmental sustainability by improving feeds and reducing environmental impacts; and market issues relating to environmental sustainability

Centre asks CMFRI to draft National Mariculture Policy The Hindu dated 9th May 2017

The Centre has asked the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI) to take lead in drafting the National Mariculture Policy jointly with the fisheries departments of coastal states and union territories for developing mariculture practices. Addressing the two-day national consultation meet on “mariculture and open sea cage culture development” held at CMFRI, Mandapam, near here on Thursday, Devendra Chaudhry, Union Secretary to Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries asked CMFRI to come up with comprehensive guidelines for developing open sea and coastal mariculture practices in the country

Evaluating socioeconomic dimensions for a resilient shellfish mariculture industry in Humboldt Bay: Assessing the strengths, vulnerabilities, and potential of Humboldt’s expanding industry

For nearly 90 years the shellfish mariculture industry in Humboldt Bay has coexisted with various stakeholder groups and the Bay’s delicate ecology. Presently, the shellfish mariculture industry in Humboldt Bay is composed of six shellfish producing businesses ranging in operational size from small-scale to large-scale. Commercial shellfish production from Humboldt Bay yields over 70 percent of California’s mature, market-sized, Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) and Kumamoto oysters (C. sikamea). Shellfish growers in the Bay also produce seed from Pacific oysters, Kumamoto oysters, and Manila clams (Tapes semidecussata). As the mariculture industry in Humboldt Bay is poised to expand its footprint, very limited data about the industry have been made available for planners and decision makers. The purposes of this thesis were to: (1) Gather reliable socioeconomic data about the state of the mariculture industry in Humboldt Bay. (2) Evaluate the industry’s strengths and vulnerabilities. (3) Assess the priorities for the industry moving forward. (4) Provide an objective, accurate picture of the mariculture industry in the Bay for the purpose of clarifying how the mariculture industry operates and showing the industry’s economic contribution to the region. To achieve these goals, I used a mixed-methods approach consisting of semi-structured interviews with mariculture participants and other Bay stakeholders, a socioeconomic survey of mariculture businesses, document analysis, participant observation, and public workshops. Analysis of collected data showed that the mariculture industry in Humboldt Bay has many strengths. In 2016, the mariculture industry employed 101 people. These participants harvested over 9.5 million mature oysters and brought in $9.8 million in revenue. In addition to the mariculture industry’s strengths, mariculture participants were met with specific challenges that represent vulnerability for the future resilience of the industry. Challenges or vulnerabilities expressed by the mariculture participants included: obtaining permits, procuring seed, and the opposition from non-mariculture community members regarding expansion in Humboldt Bay. Seed production is an important and growing part of the mariculture industry in Humboldt Bay and an area for future development. The burden of permitting and the conflict between stakeholders of Humboldt Bay should be addressed in order to expand the industry’s grow out grounds. In addition, it would also benefit the mariculture participants to work to address concerns from the environmental and scientific community about the impacts of oyster cultivation on the environment -- particularly eelgrass. Until concerns about eelgrass are studied and addressed in proposals for mariculture operations, permitting and expansion may continue to be challenges for the industry. Overall, the Humboldt Bay mariculture industry has many strengths and improvements in some areas can increase the resilience and sustainability of the industry over time

Institutional Ensuring of Mariculture: International and Ukrainian Context

Introduction. Sustainable development of mariculture as a highly productive industry is a potential and source of income and contributions to the national economy, a guarantee of food and environmental security, socioeconomic benefits for coastal areas. The effective development of mariculture requires a stable basis as an institutional support, which, unfortunately, is not characterized by a high enough level in Ukraine. Aim and tasks. The aim of the study is to analyze and evaluate the institutional support for the development of mariculture in Ukraine and the implementation of international experience in national practice. The main tasks of the study are: to study the features of theoretical and applied ukrainian context of mariculture development to determine the possibilities of implementing international experience; to analyze ukrainian and international institutional basis for the development of mariculture and the cultivation of marine organisms; to develop conclusions and recommendations on the current state and development of institutional support for mariculture in Ukraine on the basis of compliance with international requirements and the possibility of their implementation. Results. The concept of mariculture is theoretically substantiated by its definition in texts of the legal framework. The analysis of the ukrainian and international institutional context of mariculture development is based on the procedure of measures on the development of institutional support for mariculture in Ukraine in the context of the implementation of international experience of world leaders in mariculture development, European Union countries, and countries with short traditions of marine cultivation. Conclusions. A detailed interpretation of the concept of mariculture for its definition in the texts of the legal framework of Ukraine based on the characteristics of the industry presented in the legal documents of Ukraine, the European Union, world leaders in mariculture, dictionaries and works of prominent Ukrainian and foreign scholars. A procedure for measures to develop institutional support for mariculture in Ukraine in the form of an algorithm for implementing the international experience of world leaders in mariculture, the European Union and countries with short traditions of marine organisms

MAPPING OF EXISTING MARICULTURE ACTIVITIES IN SOUTH-EAST SULAWESI “POTENTIAL, CURRENT AND FUTURE STATUS”

The present study identifies existing mariculture activities and its constraints in SE Sulawesi, along with its geo-physical attributes in the Province.This allows for a better understanding the potential, current and future status of mariculture development in the area and making sure its sustainability. The study was conducted to map the existing mariculture activities in SE Sulawesi. Data collection was performed in June 2009. Spatial and attribute data of the existing mariculture were acquired by interviewing fish farmer using open-ended questionnaire and analyzed using ArcGIS 9.x. Key water quality parameters consisted of temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, depth, clarity, and turbidity and analyzed using STORET Indeks. Three big clusters of existing mariculture activities are located in Kendari, Muna and Buton areas, collectively serving as both a source of mariculture products and a market destination or transit location. All surveyed locations of existing mariculture activities in SE Sulawesi show relatively optimal water quality conditions. Site capacity and suitability analysis of existing or potential areas of mariculture activities and development have largely not been considered by stakeholders involved in managing coastal areas, resulting in crowded and unmanaged development with multiple overlapping economic activities in some areas. Piloting of integrated ‘value-adding’ mariculture industries (e.g. raw material, processed products and ‘ready to eat’ industries) might help ease some if not all of the existing economic problems of the mariculture sector

Institutional consumers' views of GHG emission reduction by optional milk systems within sustainability frame

An on-going study examines how Green House Gas (GHG) emission information could be used to support consumption driven changes in production, leading to reduction of GHG emissions in agriculture. This paper presents a pre-study, looking for discursive grounds by which institutional consumers make choices when confronted with the knowledge of GHG emission characteristics of five optional milk systems. The milk systems to be compared in terms of agricultural GHG emissions were (Option I) conventional milk system based on imported soy protein feed, (Option II) conventional milk system using domestic protein source and (Option III) organic milk system, as well as vegetable milk systems based on (Option IV) imported soy and (Option V) domestic oat. The discursive turn to these optional milk systems was taken by five catering information professionals, who tried to respond to the idea of catering for sustainability. The results revealed four different discourses, with variable ability to make use of emission information when systemic change is to be approached in everyday productive activities. Regarding emission information, the least sensitive discourse was the one of modernization, emphasising the use of conventional, cheap products. Sustainability and ecological modernization discourses exhibited most imaginative and novel solutions in productive activities. Bioregionalism discourse joined other discourses connecting them with the idea of domestic production. The discourses identified in this pre-study were, however, very fine-grained and intermingled, offering rather lean support for novel choices. Additionally the market position of organic milk suffered due to emission information, stressing heavily the reliability of environmental information as a ‘change agent’ on the market