Archaeological 3D GIS

Archaeological 3D GIS provides archaeologists with a guide to explore and understand the unprecedented opportunities for collecting, visualising, and analysing archaeological datasets in three dimensions. With platforms allowing archaeologists to link, query, and analyse in a virtual, georeferenced space information collected by different specialists, the book highlights how it is possible to re-think aspects of theory and practice which relate to GIS. It explores which questions can be addressed in such a new environment and how they are going to impact the way we interpret the past. By using material from several international case studies such as Pompeii, Çatalhöyük, as well as prehistoric and protohistoric sites in Southern Scandinavia, this book discusses the use of the third dimension in support of archaeological practice. This book will be essential for researchers and scholars who focus on archaeology and spatial analysis, and is designed and structured to serve as a textbook for GIS and digital archaeology courses

Archaeological 3D GIS

Archaeological 3D GIS provides archaeologists with a guide to explore and understand the unprecedented opportunities for collecting, visualising, and analysing archaeological datasets in three dimensions. With platforms allowing archaeologists to link, query, and analyse in a virtual, georeferenced space information collected by different specialists, the book highlights how it is possible to re-think aspects of theory and practice which relate to GIS. It explores which questions can be addressed in such a new environment and how they are going to impact the way we interpret the past. By using material from several international case studies such as Pompeii, Çatalhöyük, as well as prehistoric and protohistoric sites in Southern Scandinavia, this book discusses the use of the third dimension in support of archaeological practice. This book will be essential for researchers and scholars who focus on archaeology and spatial analysis, and is designed and structured to serve as a textbook for GIS and digital archaeology courses

Archaeological 3D GIS

"Archaeological 3D GIS provides archaeologists with a guide to explore and understand the unprecedented opportunities for collecting, visualising, and analysing archaeological datasets in three dimensions. With platforms allowing archaeologists to link, query, and analyse in a virtual, georeferenced space information collected by different specialists, the book highlights how it is possible to re-think aspects of theory and practice which relate to GIS. It explores which questions can be addressed in such a new environment and how they are going to impact the way we interpret the past. By using material from several international case studies such as Pompeii, Çatalhöyük, as well as prehistoric and protohistoric sites in Southern Scandinavia, this book discusses the use of the third dimension in support of archaeological practice. This book will be essential for researchers and scholars who focus on archaeology and spatial analysis, and is designed and structured to serve as a textbook for GIS and digital archaeology courses.

Modeling structural change in spatial system dynamics: A Daisyworld example

System dynamics (SD) is an effective approach for helping reveal the temporal behavior of complex systems. Although there have been recent developments in expanding SD to include systems' spatial dependencies, most applications have been restricted to the simulation of diffusion processes; this is especially true for models on structural change (e.g. LULC modeling). To address this shortcoming, a Python program is proposed to tightly couple SD software to a Geographic Information System (GIS). The approach provides the required capacities for handling bidirectional and synchronized interactions of operations between SD and GIS. In order to illustrate the concept and the techniques proposed for simulating structural changes, a fictitious environment called Daisyworld has been recreated in a spatial system dynamics (SSD) environment. The comparison of spatial and non-spatial simulations emphasizes the importance of considering spatio-temporal feedbacks. Finally, practical applications of structural change models in agriculture and disaster management are proposed

FEDERATED HBIM MODELS FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE: SURVEY MODEL AND CONCEPTUAL MODEL

The archaeological site is a mine of data and information that helps to deepen the knowledge of its origin, history, and structure. This virtuous approach becomes even more effective when these data, properly processed and structured, form the basis for a project of conservation and enhancement of the cultural asset. The Roman mosaics dug in Castiglione delle Stiviere in 1995 represent an interesting case in which all the archaeological information, made available by the Superintendence, was used through an HBIM (Historical Building Information Modeling) approach for the conservation project. The Stratigraphic Units (US) of the findings have identified the strategy for the geometric and informative modeling of the BIM (Building Information Modeling) model and have also been exploited in the design phase for the project of the new roof structure and especially for the cost analysis. The structuring of the data by stratigraphic units was also used in the drafting of the preventive and planned conservation, necessary to enhance and prolong the state of good health of the property. This work has been developed in the internship activity within a training course on HBIM, in collaboration with the Diocese of Mantua, owner of the property

Interpreting historic and cultural landscapes. Potential and risks in Geographical information Systems building for knowledge and management

The paper discusses potentials and limits of Geographical Information Systems in supporting the territorialization of multidisciplinary landscape analysis for the management of a World Heritage Site on the basis of several studies carried out about cultural landscapes in a spatial-planning perspective (Landscape Atlases, Regional Landscape Plans,…) On behalf of the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage, a multidisciplinary team of experts in historic features, built heritage and landscape studies has developed the analysis on the UNESCO serial Site "Residences of the Royal House of Savoy" to identify a strategic vision for the management of this complex system (12 properties, 7,000 hectares). Applying a landscape approach has implied: • developing a set of sectoral analysis sound from a disciplinary point of view but suitable to a direct comparison with existing lists of assets, which derive from several regulative and planning instruments; • extending expert analysis beyond the administrative boundaries of the WHL (property and buffer zone) to highlight fundamental relationships between the protected area and its territorial surroundings. The GIS must offer a response by: • returning experts' multidisciplinary analysis without losing the additional interpretative level arising from a holistic view. • highlighting landscape historic, scenic and environmental relations trespassing traditional WHL properties facilitating connections with broader land management. The discussion concerns the methodological approach proposed for a GIS responding to landscape-oriented research calling for the legibility/consultation of the single mapped features within the complex system in which each one finds its proper meaning. Examples concerning multiple landscape relations between WHL Site and its landscape are given as well as issues concerning their geographical representation. Final considerations will stress both the benefits and the risks of the coexistence of different data collections (strictly descriptive or management-oriented) within the same web-GIS, potentially leading to ambiguity. The proposed method is addressed to all cases of protected sites management plans encompassing cultural landscapes

BIM and GIS: WHEN PARAMETRIC MODELING MEETS GEOSPATIAL DATA

Geospatial data have a crucial role in several projects related to infrastructures and land management. GIS software are able to perform advanced geospatial analyses, but they lack several instruments and tools for parametric modelling typically available in BIM. At the same time, BIM software designed for buildings have limited tools to handle geospatial data. As things stand at the moment, BIM and GIS could appear as complementary solutions, notwithstanding research work is currently under development to ensure a better level of interoperability, especially at the scale of the building. On the other hand, the transition from the local (building) scale to the infrastructure (where geospatial data cannot be neglected) has already demonstrated that parametric modelling integrated with geoinformation is a powerful tool to simplify and speed up some phases of the design workflow. This paper reviews such mixed approaches with both simulated and real examples, demonstrating that integration is already a reality at specific scales, which are not dominated by "pure" GIS or BIM. The paper will also demonstrate that some traditional operations carried out with GIS software are also available in parametric modelling software for BIM, such as transformation between reference systems, DEM generation, feature extraction, and geospatial queries. A real case study is illustrated and discussed to show the advantage of a combined use of both technologies. BIM and GIS integration can generate greater usage of geospatial data in the AECOO (Architecture, Engineering, Construction, Owner and Operator) industry, as well as new solutions for parametric modelling with additional geoinformation

Interpreting historic and cultural landscapes. Potential and risks in Geographical information Systems building for knowledge and management

The paper discusses potentials and limits of Geographical Information Systems in supporting the territorialization of multidisciplinary landscape analysis for the management of a World Heritage Site on the basis of several studies carried out about cultural landscapes in a spatial-planning perspective (Landscape Atlases, Regional Landscape Plans,…) On behalf of the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage, a multidisciplinary team of experts in historic features, built heritage and landscape studies has developed the analysis on the UNESCO serial Site “Residences of the Royal House of Savoy” to identify a strategic vision for the management of this complex system (12 properties, 7,000 hectares). Applying a landscape approach has implied: • developing a set of sectoral analysis sound from a disciplinary point of view but suitable to a direct comparison with existing lists of assets, which derive from several regulative and planning instruments; • extending expert analysis beyond the administrative boundaries of the WHL (property and buffer zone) to highlight fundamental relationships between the protected area and its territorial surroundings. The GIS must offer a response by: • returning experts’ multidisciplinary analysis without losing the additional interpretative level arising from a holistic view. • highlighting landscape historic, scenic and environmental relations trespassing traditional WHL properties facilitating connections with broader land management. The discussion concerns the methodological approach proposed for a GIS responding to landscape-oriented research calling for the legibility/consultation of the single mapped features within the complex system in which each one finds its proper meaning. Examples concerning multiple landscape relations between WHL Site and its landscape are given as well as issues concerning their geographical representation. Final considerations will stress both the benefits and the risks of the coexistence of different data collections (strictly descriptive or management-oriented) within the same web-GIS, potentially leading to ambiguity. The proposed method is addressed to all cases of protected sites management plans encompassing cultural landscapes

2017 SCAT (Shoreline Cleanup Assessment Technique) Workshop Report

On January 18-19, 2017, the Coastal Response Research Center (CRRC) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Response and Restoration (ORR) Gulf of Mexico (GOM) Disaster Response Center (DRC) co-sponsored the “Shoreline Cleanup Assessment Technique (SCAT) for Tomorrow” workshop at NOAA’s Disaster Response Center training facility in Mobile, AL. NOAA ORR supports the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) in its role in emergency response (Emergency Response Division [ERD]) and also overseas damage assessment and restoration (Assessment and Restoration Division [ARD]). As part of its role, ORR updates existing tools and creates new ones related oil spill response, assessment and restoration. This workshop assisted ORR in advancing SCAT with respect to data standards and data exchange. Collecting, managing and sharing SCAT data collected or managed by different organizations can be difficult due to the various data methods and formats used. One of ORR’s major goals is to develop a common data standard for SCAT that is acceptable to federal and state agencies, and industry, and enhancing information sharing