IDENTIFICACIÓN DE TRICHOPHOROMYIA, WARILEYA Y LUTZOMYIA DAVISI EN LA FRONTERA PERÚ- BRASIL

Los flebotominos son dípteros que pueden transmitir parásitos como Leishmania Borovsky 1898 (Ross 1903), agente causal de una enfermedad que causa destrucción de tejidos. Se realizó una colecta de flebotominos transmisores del parásito en la frontera Perú-Brasil en Madre de Dios, con el objetivo de identificar que géneros se encuentran vinculados a la enfermedad en dicha región. Se identificó a Trichophoromyia (Barreto, 1962), Warileya (Hertig, 1948) y a Lutzomyia davisi (Root, 1934), siendo todos vectores de Leishmania sp. Se concluye que en la ciudad de Iñapari zona fronteriza con Brasil existen dípteros urbanos transmisores del parásito que causa la leishmaniasis, por lo que es de suma importancia el control vectorial y la vigilancia epidemiológica

Diversity, distribution and natural Leishmania infection of sand flies from communities along the Interoceanic Highway in the Southeastern Peruvian Amazon

The Peruvian-Brazilian border is a highly endemic tegumentary leishmaniasis region in South America. The interoceanic highway is a commercial route that connects Peru and Brazil through Madre de Dios and has raised concerns about its impact on previously undisturbed areas. In order to assess leishmaniasis transmission risk along this highway, we conducted a surveillance study of the sand fly populations in this area. Sand flies were collected between 2009 and 2010 along transects at 200 m, 600 m and 1000 m from six study sites located along the highway (Iberia, La Novia, Alto Libertad, El Carmen, Florida Baja, Mazuko and Mavila) and an undisturbed area (Malinowski). Collected specimens were identified based on morphology and non-engorged females of each species were pooled and screened by kinetoplast PCR to detect natural Leishmania infections. A total of 9,023 specimens were collected belonging to 54 different Lutzomyia species including the first report of Lu. gantieri in Peru. Four species accounted for 50% of all specimens (Lutzomyia carrerai carrerai, Lu. davisi, Lu. shawi and Lu. richardwardi). El Carmen, Alto Libertad, Florida Baja and Malinowski presented higher Shannon diversity indexes (H = 2.36, 2.30, 2.17 and 2.13, respectively) than the most human disturbed sites of Mazuko and La Novia (H = 1.53 and 1.06, respectively). PCR detected 10 positive pools belonging to Lu. carrerai carrerai, Lu. yuilli yuilli, Lu. hirsuta hirsuta, Lu. (Trichophoromyia) spp., and Lu. (Lutzomyia) spp. Positive pools from 1,000 m transects had higher infectivity rates than those from 600 m and 200 m transects (9/169 = 5.3% vs 0/79 = 0% and 1/127 = 0.8%, p = 0.018). El Carmen, accounted for eight out of ten positives whereas one positive was collected in Florida Baja and Mazuko each. Our study has shown differences in sand fly diversity, abundance and species composition across and within sites. Multiple clustered Lutzomyia pools with natural Leishmania infection suggest a complex, diverse and spotty role in leishmaniasis transmission in Madre de Dios, with increased risk farther from the highway

Flebótomos da Amazônia Central do Brasil. I. Resultados obtidos das capturas feitas com iscas humana e eqüina (Diptera, Psychodidae)

Human bait and horse bait captures of phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) were conducted in a tropical forest in the Central Amazon of Brazil. All sandflies that bite man, with the exception of Lutzomyia punctigeniculata (Floch & Abonnenc) also attack horses and some other species attack horses but do not bite man. We found, therefore, that a horse may be substituted for a man when seeking the anthropophilic species of the region. The species most frequently attacking man was L. maripaensis (Floch & Abonnenc) and this was also the species that most readily attacked a horse. The sandfly most frequently caught attacking man at 15 m above the forest floor was L. anduzei (Floch & Abonnenc). A total of 8563 female sandflies were caught, during an 8 month period, representing at least 21 species or groups. Of these, 17 species were anthropophilic.Capturas de flebótomos com isca humana e isca eqüina foram realizadas numa floresta tropical na Amazônia Central do Brasil. Todos os flebótomos que atacam ao homem, com a exceção de Lutzomyia punctigeniculata (Floch & Âbonnenc), também atacam cavalos; algumas outras espécies atacam cavalos mas não sugam sangue humano. Descobrimos portanto, que, quando se está procurando as espécies antropofílicas da região, um homem pode ser substituído por um cavalo. A espécie que mais freqüentemente ataca o homem é L. maripaensis (Floch & Abonnenc), e esta foi também a espécie que mais freqüentemente atacou o cavalo. O flebótomo capturado mais freqüentemente atacando o homem, a 15m acima do chão da floresta, foi L. anduzei (Floch & Abonnenc). Um total de 8.563 fêmeas foram capturadas, durante um período de oito meses, representando pelo menos 21 espécies ou grupos, das quais 17 antropofílicas

Diversidade e abundância de flebotomíneos do gênero Lutzomyia (Diptera: Psychodidae) em áreas de mata do nordeste de Manacapuru, AM

The genus Lutzomyia has great importance in the New World, with some species implicated in the transmission of causal agents of leishmaniases, bartonellosis and arboviruses. From April 2003 to June 2004 an investigation was undertaken on the richness and abundance of the sand fly fauna in the northeast area of Manacapuru county, Amazonas State. The captures were carried out, with 16 light traps CDC, in areas of forest known as terra firme along the highway Manuel Urbano. In the period of 13 months we collected a total of 10,446 sandfly specimens, 3,908 males (38%) and 6,465 females (62%), distributed in 43 species belonging to the genus Lutzomyia, 10 subgenera and six species groups. These results evidenced a diversified and abundant sand fly fauna, with somespecies not yet reported for Manaus county, close to the study area

Sobre os vetores de leishmaniose cutânea na Amazônia central do Brasil. 2: incidência de flagelados em flebótomos selváticos ()

Of 6337 female sandflies dissected, 466 were found to have flagellates in their digestive tracts. A total of 28 sandfly species, or species groups, were dissected, yet flagellates were only found is six of these species or species groups. Of these, only two species of sandfly had leptomonads which were positively identified as Leishmania braziliensis. Sixteen strains of Le braziliensis were isolated from Lutzomyia umbratilis or Lu. anduzei.De um total de 6337 flebótomos fêmeas dissecados, 466 foram encontrados com flagelados no tubo digestivo. Um total de 28 espécies ou grupos de flebótomos foi dissecado, todavia somente foram encontrados flagelados em seis destas espécies ou grupos de espécies, e destas, somente duas espécies tinham leptómonas que foram definitivamente confirmadas como sendo Leishmania braziliensis. Dezesseis cepas de Le. braziliensis foram isoladas de flebótomos selváticos