169 research outputs found
A study of asynchronous logical feedback networks
"April 26, 1957." Based on a thesis, M.I.T. Dept. of Electrical Engineering, May 1, 1957.Bibliography: p. 45.Stephen H. Unger
Modulation of emotional appraisal by false physiological feedback during fMRI
BACKGROUND
James and Lange proposed that emotions are the perception of physiological reactions. Two-level theories of emotion extend this model to suggest that cognitive interpretations of physiological changes shape self-reported emotions. Correspondingly false physiological feedback of evoked or tonic bodily responses can alter emotional attributions. Moreover, anxiety states are proposed to arise from detection of mismatch between actual and anticipated states of physiological arousal. However, the neural underpinnings of these phenomena previously have not been examined.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
We undertook a functional brain imaging (fMRI) experiment to investigate how both primary and second-order levels of physiological (viscerosensory) representation impact on the processing of external emotional cues. 12 participants were scanned while judging face stimuli during both exercise and non-exercise conditions in the context of true and false auditory feedback of tonic heart rate. We observed that the perceived emotional intensity/salience of neutral faces was enhanced by false feedback of increased heart rate. Regional changes in neural activity corresponding to this behavioural interaction were observed within included right anterior insula, bilateral mid insula, and amygdala. In addition, right anterior insula activity was enhanced during by asynchronous relative to synchronous cardiac feedback even with no change in perceived or actual heart rate suggesting this region serves as a comparator to detect physiological mismatches. Finally, BOLD activity within right anterior insula and amygdala predicted the corresponding changes in perceived intensity ratings at both a group and an individual level.
CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE
Our findings identify the neural substrates supporting behavioural effects of false physiological feedback, and highlight mechanisms that underlie subjective anxiety states, including the importance of the right anterior insula in guiding second-order "cognitive" representations of bodily arousal state
Modulation of emotional appraisal by false physiological feedback during fMRI
BACKGROUND
James and Lange proposed that emotions are the perception of physiological reactions. Two-level theories of emotion extend this model to suggest that cognitive interpretations of physiological changes shape self-reported emotions. Correspondingly false physiological feedback of evoked or tonic bodily responses can alter emotional attributions. Moreover, anxiety states are proposed to arise from detection of mismatch between actual and anticipated states of physiological arousal. However, the neural underpinnings of these phenomena previously have not been examined.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
We undertook a functional brain imaging (fMRI) experiment to investigate how both primary and second-order levels of physiological (viscerosensory) representation impact on the processing of external emotional cues. 12 participants were scanned while judging face stimuli during both exercise and non-exercise conditions in the context of true and false auditory feedback of tonic heart rate. We observed that the perceived emotional intensity/salience of neutral faces was enhanced by false feedback of increased heart rate. Regional changes in neural activity corresponding to this behavioural interaction were observed within included right anterior insula, bilateral mid insula, and amygdala. In addition, right anterior insula activity was enhanced during by asynchronous relative to synchronous cardiac feedback even with no change in perceived or actual heart rate suggesting this region serves as a comparator to detect physiological mismatches. Finally, BOLD activity within right anterior insula and amygdala predicted the corresponding changes in perceived intensity ratings at both a group and an individual level.
CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE
Our findings identify the neural substrates supporting behavioural effects of false physiological feedback, and highlight mechanisms that underlie subjective anxiety states, including the importance of the right anterior insula in guiding second-order "cognitive" representations of bodily arousal state
Enhancing Logical Reasoning in Large Language Models to Facilitate Legal Applications
Language serves as a vehicle for conveying thought, enabling communication
among individuals. The ability to distinguish between diverse concepts,
identify fairness and injustice, and comprehend a range of legal notions
fundamentally relies on logical reasoning. Large Language Models (LLMs) attempt
to emulate human language understanding and generation, but their competency in
logical reasoning remains limited. This paper seeks to address the
philosophical question: How can we effectively teach logical reasoning to LLMs
while maintaining a deep understanding of the intricate relationship between
language and logic? By focusing on bolstering LLMs' capabilities in logical
reasoning, we aim to expand their applicability in law and other
logic-intensive disciplines. To this end, we propose a Reinforcement Learning
from Logical Feedback (RLLF) approach, which serves as a potential framework
for refining LLMs' reasoning capacities. Through RLLF and a revised evaluation
methodology, we explore new avenues for research in this domain and contribute
to the development of LLMs capable of handling complex legal reasoning tasks
while acknowledging the fundamental connection between language and logic.Comment: ALP@JURIX202
The solution of the Sixth Hilbert Problem: the Ultimate Galilean Revolution
I argue for a full mathematisation of the physical theory, including its
axioms, which must contain no physical primitives. In provocative words:
"physics from no physics". Although this may seem an oxymoron, it is the royal
road to keep complete logical coherence, hence falsifiability of the theory.
For such a purely mathematical theory the physical connotation must pertain
only the interpretation of the mathematics, ranging from the axioms to the
final theorems. On the contrary, the postulates of the two current major
physical theories either don't have physical interpretation (as for von
Neumann's axioms for quantum theory), or contain physical primitives as
"clock", "rigid rod ", "force", "inertial mass" (as for special relativity and
mechanics). A purely mathematical theory as proposed here, though with limited
(but relentlessly growing) domain of applicability, will have the eternal
validity of mathematical truth. It will be a theory on which natural sciences
can firmly rely. Such kind of theory is what I consider to be the solution of
the Sixth Hilbert's Problem. I argue that a prototype example of such a
mathematical theory is provided by the novel algorithmic paradigm for physics,
as in the recent information-theoretical derivation of quantum theory and free
quantum field theory.Comment: Opinion paper. Special issue of Philosophical Transaction A, devoted
to the VI Hilbert problem, after the Workshop "Hilbert's Sixth Problem",
University of Leicester, May 02-04 201
Public Lending Right: The American Author's Viewpoint
published or submitted for publicatio
Adaptive compression of communication signals Patent
Adaptive compression signal processor for PCM communication system
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