426,199 research outputs found
Local Modelling in Classification on Different Feature Subspaces
Sometimes one may be confronted with classification problems where classes are
constituted of several subclasses that possess different distributions and therefore destroy accurate models of the entire classes as one similar group. An issue is modelling via local models of several subclasses.
In this paper, a method is presented of how to handle such classification problems where the subclasses are furthermore characterized by different subsets of the variables. Situations are outlined and tested where such local models in different variable subspaces dramatically improve the classification error
Vacuum shell in the Schwarzschild-de Sitter world
We construct the classification scheme for all possible evolution scenarios
and find the corresponding global geometries for dynamics of a thin spherical
vacuum shell in the Schwarzschild-de Sitter metric. This configuration is
suitable for the modelling of vacuum bubbles arising during cosmological phase
transitions in the early Universe. The distinctive final types of evolution
from the local point of view of a rather distant observer are either the
unlimited expansion of the shell or its contraction with a formation of black
hole (with a central singularity) or wormhole (with a baby universe in
interior).Comment: 15 pages, 8 figure
Interactive Perception Based on Gaussian Process Classification for House-Hold Objects Recognition and Sorting
We present an interactive perception model for
object sorting based on Gaussian Process (GP) classification
that is capable of recognizing objects categories from point
cloud data. In our approach, FPFH features are extracted from
point clouds to describe the local 3D shape of objects and
a Bag-of-Words coding method is used to obtain an object-level
vocabulary representation. Multi-class Gaussian Process
classification is employed to provide and probable estimation of
the identity of the object and serves a key role in the interactive
perception cycle – modelling perception confidence. We show
results from simulated input data on both SVM and GP based
multi-class classifiers to validate the recognition accuracy of our
proposed perception model. Our results demonstrate that by
using a GP-based classifier, we obtain true positive classification
rates of up to 80%. Our semi-autonomous object sorting
experiments show that the proposed GP based interactive
sorting approach outperforms random sorting by up to 30%
when applied to scenes comprising configurations of household
objects
Modelling Local Deep Convolutional Neural Network Features to Improve Fine-Grained Image Classification
We propose a local modelling approach using deep convolutional neural
networks (CNNs) for fine-grained image classification. Recently, deep CNNs
trained from large datasets have considerably improved the performance of
object recognition. However, to date there has been limited work using these
deep CNNs as local feature extractors. This partly stems from CNNs having
internal representations which are high dimensional, thereby making such
representations difficult to model using stochastic models. To overcome this
issue, we propose to reduce the dimensionality of one of the internal fully
connected layers, in conjunction with layer-restricted retraining to avoid
retraining the entire network. The distribution of low-dimensional features
obtained from the modified layer is then modelled using a Gaussian mixture
model. Comparative experiments show that considerable performance improvements
can be achieved on the challenging Fish and UEC FOOD-100 datasets.Comment: 5 pages, three figure
Sedimentological characterization of Antarctic moraines using UAVs and Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry
In glacial environments particle-size analysis of moraines provides insights into clast origin, transport history, depositional mechanism and processes of reworking. Traditional methods for grain-size classification are labour-intensive, physically intrusive and are limited to patch-scale (1m2) observation. We develop emerging, high-resolution ground- and unmanned aerial vehicle-based ‘Structure-from-Motion’ (UAV-SfM) photogrammetry to recover grain-size information across an moraine surface in the Heritage Range, Antarctica. SfM data products were benchmarked against equivalent datasets acquired using terrestrial laser scanning, and were found to be accurate to within 1.7 and 50mm for patch- and site-scale modelling, respectively. Grain-size distributions were obtained through digital grain classification, or ‘photo-sieving’, of patch-scale SfM orthoimagery. Photo-sieved distributions were accurate to <2mm compared to control distributions derived from dry sieving. A relationship between patch-scale median grain size and the standard deviation of local surface elevations was applied to a site-scale UAV-SfM model to facilitate upscaling and the production of a spatially continuous map of the median grain size across a 0.3 km2 area of moraine. This highly automated workflow for site scale sedimentological characterization eliminates much of the subjectivity associated with traditional methods and forms a sound basis for subsequent glaciological
process interpretation and analysis
Quantifying correlations between galaxy emission lines and stellar continua
We analyse the correlations between continuum properties and emission line
equivalent widths of star-forming and active galaxies from the Sloan Digital
Sky Survey. Since upcoming large sky surveys will make broad-band observations
only, including strong emission lines into theoretical modelling of spectra
will be essential to estimate physical properties of photometric galaxies. We
show that emission line equivalent widths can be fairly well reconstructed from
the stellar continuum using local multiple linear regression in the continuum
principal component analysis (PCA) space. Line reconstruction is good for
star-forming galaxies and reasonable for galaxies with active nuclei. We
propose a practical method to combine stellar population synthesis models with
empirical modelling of emission lines. The technique will help generate more
accurate model spectra and mock catalogues of galaxies to fit observations of
the new surveys. More accurate modelling of emission lines is also expected to
improve template-based photometric redshift estimation methods. We also show
that, by combining PCA coefficients from the pure continuum and the emission
lines, automatic distinction between hosts of weak active galactic nuclei
(AGNs) and quiescent star-forming galaxies can be made. The classification
method is based on a training set consisting of high-confidence starburst
galaxies and AGNs, and allows for the similar separation of active and
star-forming galaxies as the empirical curve found by Kauffmann et al. We
demonstrate the use of three important machine learning algorithms in the
paper: k-nearest neighbour finding, k-means clustering and support vector
machines.Comment: 14 pages, 14 figures. Accepted by MNRAS on 2015 December 22. The
paper's website with data and code is at
http://www.vo.elte.hu/papers/2015/emissionlines
The producer service sector in Italy: Long-term growth and its local determinants
This paper analyses the local determinants of producer service growth in Italy, focusing on agglomeration economies, and taking into account the particular features of this sector with respect to manufacturing. Using an OECD classification, we estimate a dynamic specification allowing for transitory dynamics around the long-run employment path derived from a model in which both demand and supply factors are considered. Compared with the prevailing modelling approach, the spatial scope of externalities is extended to include possible interactions across different urban areas. Our main findings are the following. Long-run employment growth is positively affected by Marshall-Arrow-Romer externalities, with a minor role played by urbanization externalities, a result similar to that obtained by more recent research on the Italian manufacturing sector and its industrial districts. Among the remaining supply factors, human capital exerts a positive influence on the long-run employment level in producer services industry; among demand factors, the size of the local market appears to be important, given the still incomplete tradability of service output. Significant interactions across urban areas are shown to occur; in particular, positive knowledge externalities on local productivity appear to be induced by location in urban areas contiguous to cities specializing in producer services.agglomeration economies, human capital, producer services
Urban tree classification using discrete-return LiDAR and an object-level local binary pattern algorithm
© 2019, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Urban trees have the potential to mitigate some of the harm brought about by rapid urbanization and population growth, as well as serious environmental degradation (e.g. soil erosion, carbon pollution and species extirpation), in cities. This paper presents a novel urban tree extraction modelling approach that uses discrete laser scanning point clouds and object-based textural analysis to (1) develop a model characterised by four sub-models, including (a) height-based split segmentation, (b) feature extraction, (c) texture analysis and (d) classification, and (2) apply this model to classify urban trees. The canopy height model is integrated with the object-level local binary pattern algorithm (LBP) to achieve high classification accuracy. The results of each sub-model reveal that the classification of urban trees based on the height at 47.14 (high) and 2.12 m (low), respectively, while based on crown widths were highest and lowest at 22.5 and 2.55 m, respectively. Results also indicate that the proposed algorithm of urban tree modelling is effective for practical use
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