2,888 research outputs found
Distributed Reasoning in a Peer-to-Peer Setting: Application to the Semantic Web
In a peer-to-peer inference system, each peer can reason locally but can also
solicit some of its acquaintances, which are peers sharing part of its
vocabulary. In this paper, we consider peer-to-peer inference systems in which
the local theory of each peer is a set of propositional clauses defined upon a
local vocabulary. An important characteristic of peer-to-peer inference systems
is that the global theory (the union of all peer theories) is not known (as
opposed to partition-based reasoning systems). The main contribution of this
paper is to provide the first consequence finding algorithm in a peer-to-peer
setting: DeCA. It is anytime and computes consequences gradually from the
solicited peer to peers that are more and more distant. We exhibit a sufficient
condition on the acquaintance graph of the peer-to-peer inference system for
guaranteeing the completeness of this algorithm. Another important contribution
is to apply this general distributed reasoning setting to the setting of the
Semantic Web through the Somewhere semantic peer-to-peer data management
system. The last contribution of this paper is to provide an experimental
analysis of the scalability of the peer-to-peer infrastructure that we propose,
on large networks of 1000 peers
Ontology-based composition and matching for dynamic cloud service coordination
Recent cross-organisational software service offerings, such as cloud computing, create higher integration needs.
In particular, services are combined through brokers and mediators, solutions to allow individual services to collaborate and their interaction to be coordinated are required. The need to address dynamic management - caused by cloud and on-demand environments - can be addressed through service coordination based on ontology-based composition and matching techniques. Our solution to composition and matching utilises a service coordination space that acts as a passive infrastructure for collaboration where users submit requests that are then selected and taken on by providers. We discuss the information models and the coordination principles of such a collaboration environment in terms of an ontology and its underlying description logics. We provide ontology-based solutions for structural composition of descriptions and matching between requested and provided services
Guidelines for a Dynamic Ontology - Integrating Tools of Evolution and Versioning in Ontology
Ontologies are built on systems that conceptually evolve over time. In
addition, techniques and languages for building ontologies evolve too. This has
led to numerous studies in the field of ontology versioning and ontology
evolution. This paper presents a new way to manage the lifecycle of an ontology
incorporating both versioning tools and evolution process. This solution,
called VersionGraph, is integrated in the source ontology since its creation in
order to make it possible to evolve and to be versioned. Change management is
strongly related to the model in which the ontology is represented. Therefore,
we focus on the OWL language in order to take into account the impact of the
changes on the logical consistency of the ontology like specified in OWL DL
How to Identify Scientifc Revolutions?
Conceptualizing scientific revolutions by means of explicating their causes, their underlying structure and implications has been an important part of Kuhn's philosophy of science and belongs to its legacy. In this paper we show that such âexplanatory conceptsâ of revolutions should be distinguished from a concept based on the identification criteria of scientific revolutions. The aim of this paper is to offer such a concept, and to show that it can be fruitfully used for a further elaboration of the explanatory conceptions of revolutions. On the one hand, our concept can be used to test the preciseness and accuracy of these conceptions, by examining to what extent their criteria fit revolutions as they are defined by our concept. On the other hand, our concept can serve as the basis on which these conceptions can be further specified. We will present four different explanatory concepts of revolutions â Kuhn's, Thagard's, Chen's and Barker's, and Laudan's â and point to the ways in which each of them can be further specified in view of our concept
Quantum Holism: Reconciling Extended Simples with Supersubstantivalism
I argue that the extended simples picture (ESP) is compatible with supersubstantivalism under the quantum holism model, and that reevaluating our limits on the ways an object may be located by fusing the two ontologies can benefit our understanding of modern physics. I first illustrate the explanatory utility of extended simples, using examples of superposition and entanglement. Second, I advocate the use of supersubstantivalism as a way to understand the interface between objects and spacetime, and argue that the ESP suitably fits into a supersubstantivalist interpretation of quantum field theory. In the last section, I propose quantum holism as a framework to reconcile supersubstantivalism with extended simples, and conclude that the causal relationship that interweaves material objects and spacetime render the two ontologies compatible. I will demonstrate that a combined ontology is useful for its parsimony, and for our understanding of quantum field theory
Optimizing the computation of overriding
We introduce optimization techniques for reasoning in DLN---a recently
introduced family of nonmonotonic description logics whose characterizing
features appear well-suited to model the applicative examples naturally arising
in biomedical domains and semantic web access control policies. Such
optimizations are validated experimentally on large KBs with more than 30K
axioms. Speedups exceed 1 order of magnitude. For the first time, response
times compatible with real-time reasoning are obtained with nonmonotonic KBs of
this size
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