Consumption of Chinese goods in southwestern Europe: a multi-relational database and the vicarious consumption theory as alternative model to the industrious revolution (eighteenth century)

GECEM Project/ERC-Starting Grant, ref. 679371 European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme www.gecem.euThis article discusses the application of new technologies, software coding and computer analysis in the social sciences and humanities, mainly in the field of economic history. In the last two decades, the use of new computer technologies among historians to develop theories and solve questions has fostered a vibrant historiographical debate. However, these new digital tools have largely been used as an end in themselves, rather than as a means to develop hypotheses and answer questions. This has prevented researchers from fully exploiting such technologies in their field. In this article, I discuss how I designed a new multi-relational database using the ¿Access¿ package and SQL language to test the ¿industrious revolution¿ hypothesis and present the ¿vicarious consumption¿ theory as an alternative model for analyzing the eighteenth-century circulation of Chinese goods in the Western Mediterranean region. It presents the cross-referencing method I used to analyze the historical information I collected, mainly from probate inventories and trade records. This method makes it possible to navigate through the data in a way that goes beyond the traditional use of ¿excel¿ tables.Shanghai Jiao Tong University (China), Global History Network in China (GHN) http://www.globalhistorynetwork.com/, Grupo Paidi (HUM-1000) Historia de La globalizacion: Violencia, Negociacion en InterculturalidadVersión del edito

Global History with Chinese Characteristics. Autocratic States along the Silk Road in the Decline of the Spanish and Qing Empires 1680-1796

This open access book considers a pivotal era in Chinese history from a global perspective. This book's insight into Chinese and international history offers timely and challenging perspectives on initiatives like "Chinese characteristics", "The New Silk Road" and "One Belt, One Road" in broad historical context. Global History with Chinese Characteristics analyses the feeble state capacity of Qing China questioning the so-called "High Qing" (shèng qing ¿¿) era's economic prosperity as the political system was set into a "power paradox" or "supremacy dilemma". This is a new thesis introduced by the author demonstrating that interventionist states entail weak governance. Macao and Marseille as a new case study aims to compare Mediterranean and South China markets to provide new insights into both modern eras? rising trade networks, non-official institutions and interventionist impulses of autocratic states such as China's Qing and Spain's Bourbon empires.GECEM Project (ERC-Starting Grant), ref. 679371, Horizon 2020, project hosted at UP

European luxury consumption in China: government action, state capacity and consumer behavior (1680-1840)

Programa de Doctorado en Historia y Estudios Humanísticos: Europa, América, Arte y LenguasLínea de Investigación: Historia y Estudios Humanísticos: Europa, América, Arte y GeografíaClave Programa: DHHCódigo Línea: 121Commercial intercourse and cultural exchanges between China and Europe have been taking place for centuries. Without a global perspective, studies might be unilateral. The purpose of this thesis is to examine foreign trade and European import consumption in a specific period of early modern China, covering the period from the gradual opening but restricted maritime trade since the late 17th century to the outbreak of the Opium Wars in the mid-19th century. This thesis focuses on European luxury goods that entered China, especially clocks, wine and other handicrafts during this period. Being an important part of world trade, European luxury goods is closely related to the fields of global history, economic history and consumer studies. This study aims to give a detailed description and analysis of real consumption situation of that period by cross-referencing various sources - official edicts, memorials, imperial household records, local chronicles, etc. Also to have the situation of China’s foreign trade concretely and comprehensively displayed with researches on operation of China’s four major customs and the volume of import and export trade. Based on the Qing Emperors’ preference, the thesis also analyzes typical luxury consumption of the upper class in the Qing Dynasty, including the royal family, nobles, officials, merchants and intellectuals, in order to conduct comprehensive research on how these luxury consumption habits affected the formation of the imported goods market, the imitation industry and other local corresponding industries. The study of import and consumption of European luxury goods in China is not to enumerate historical statistics, but to reveal more factors and features of that time. The thesis focuses on finding more relevance in the issue of consumption, rather than production under the political situation of the time, and gives a comparative study from a global historical perspective. Supported by the existing researches in both Eurocentric and Sinocentric approaches, this study aims to reveal new perspectives on the theme of Euro-China trade in the early modern period. It is hoped that this study could serve as a complement to studies of the early modern China in a global historical context and examines the role of China as a consumer market in the global economy.China y Europa han mantenido las relaciones comerciales y los intercambios culturales durante siglos. Los estudios al respecto resultarán unilaterales si no se llevan a cabo desde una perspectiva global. Esta tesis tiene como objetivo examinar el comercio exterior y el consumo de las importaciones europeas en un periodo concreto de China en época moderna, que abarca desde la apertura gradual pero restringida del comercio marítimo desde finales del siglo XVII hasta el estallido de las Guerras del Opio a mediados del siglo XIX. Esta tesis se centra en el estudio los productos de lujo europeos que entraron en China durante este periodo, especialmente relojes, vino y otras artesanías. Como una parte importante del comercio mundial, los artículos de lujo europeos están estrechamente relacionados con la historia global, económica, así como los estudios de consumo. Este estudio pretende ofrecer una descripción y un análisis detallados de la situación real del consumo de ese periodo mediante el cruce de varias fuentes: edictos oficiales, memoriales, registros de la familia imperial, crónicas locales, etc. También se pretende mostrar de forma concreta y exhaustiva la situación del comercio exterior de China de aquel periodo con investigaciones sobre el funcionamiento de las cuatro principales aduanas de China y el volumen del comercio de importación y exportación. Basándose en las preferencias de los emperadores Qing, la tesis también analiza el consumo de lujo típico de la clase alta de la dinastía Qing. A esa clase pertenecen la familia real, los nobles, los funcionarios, los comerciantes y los intelectuales. El análisis al respecto se desarrolla con el fin de llevar a cabo una investigación exhaustiva sobre cómo estos hábitos de consumo de lujo afectaron a la formación del mercado de bienes importados, la de la industria de la imitación y la de otras industrias locales correspondientes. En el estudio de la importación y del consumo de bienes de lujo europeos en China no se va a enumerar las estadísticas históricas, sino se revelarán más factores y características de aquella época. La tesis pretende poner de manifiesto, bajo el contexto político de aquella época, la pertinencia en el tema del consumo, en lugar del de la producción, y ofrece un estudio comparativo desde una perspectiva histórica global. Apoyándose en las investigaciones en que se aplican la metodología tanto eurocéntrica o la sinocéntrica, este estudio pretende adoptar nuevas perspectivas sobre el tema del comercio euro-chino en época moderna. Se espera que este estudio pueda servir de complemento a los estudios sobre la China moderna temprana en un contexto histórico global y que examine el papel de China como mercado de consumo en la economía global.Universidad Pablo de Olavide de Sevilla. Departamento de Geografía, Historia y Filosofí

Automatic portal generation based on XML workflow description

This dissertation investigates the automatic generation of computing portals based on XML workflow descriptions. To this end, a software system is designed, implemented and evaluated that allows end-users to build their own customized portal for managing and executing distributed scientific and engineering computations in a service-oriented environment. The whole process of the computation is represented as a data-driven workflow. The portal technique provides a user-friendly problem-solving environment that addresses job assignment, job submission and job feedback. An advantage of this approach is that the complexity of the workflow execution in the distributed environment is hidden from the user. However, the manual development and configuration of the application portal requires considerable expertise in web portal techniques, which most scientific end-users do not have. This dissertation address this problem by describing a tool chain consisting of three tools to achieve automatic portal generation and configuration. In addition, this dissertation presents a mapping of each element of WSDL to the UDDI data model, the conversion from the data-flow workflow to control-flow workflow by using XSLT, an implementation of a drag-and-drop visual programming environment for the generation of a workflow skeleton, and a methodology for the automatic layout of portlets in a portal framework.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Automatic portal generation based on XML workflow description

This dissertation investigates the automatic generation of computing portals based on XML workflow descriptions. To this end, a software system is designed, implemented and evaluated that allows end-users to build their own customized portal for managing and executing distributed scientific and engineering computations in a service-oriented environment. The whole process of the computation is represented as a data-driven workflow. The portal technique provides a user-friendly problem-solving environment that addresses job assignment, job submission and job feedback. An advantage of this approach is that the complexity of the workflow execution in the distributed environment is hidden from the user. However, the manual development and configuration of the application portal requires considerable expertise in web portal techniques, which most scientific end-users do not have. This dissertation address this problem by describing a tool chain consisting of three tools to achieve automatic portal generation and configuration. In addition, this dissertation presents a mapping of each element of WSDL to the UDDI data model, the conversion from the data-flow workflow to control-flow workflow by using XSLT, an implementation of a drag-and-drop visual programming environment for the generation of a workflow skeleton, and a methodology for the automatic layout of portlets in a portal framework

Una aproximación a la prevención del tabaquismo a partir de las concepciones alternativas : el uso del museo como recurso de enseñanza

RESUMEN: El presente trabajo de investigación adscrito a la línea de investigación en docencia de las ciencias experimentales del grupo GECEM de la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad de Antioquia constituye una propuesta de carácter mixto en la que se izo uso del Museo de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Antioquia como recurso de enseñanza para la prevención del tabaquismo a partir del análisis del cambio en las concepciones alternativas de los estudiantes sobre el tabaco y sus efectos en el cuerpo humano. Se evaluó el efecto de dos intervenciones en dos grupos uno control y otro experimental para estudiantes del grado octavo de la Institución Educativa Diego Echavarría Misas del barrio Florencia de la ciudad de Medellín. Los resultados mostraron que es necesario replantear las estrategias de prevención del tabaquismo y articularlas con otros escenarios de formación como el Museo en este caso, con el fin de generar propuestas que midan el impacto y hagan más seguimiento a los programas de intervención